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Total population | |
---|---|
197,181,177 60.4% of the total U.S. population (2018)[1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Throughout the United States | |
Languages | |
Predominantly American English, with local minorities who speak American French (Louisiana, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire), and immigrant languages (Russian, Italian, Polish and Greek[2]) | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Christianity; minorities practice Judaism, Islam, and other faiths | |
Related ethnic groups | |
European Americans European diaspora |
Non-Hispanic whites (also referred to as Anglo-Americans)[3][4][5] are European Americans, Middle Eastern Americans, and North African Americans that speak English as a native language as defined by the United States Census Bureau.[6][7]
Americans of European ancestry represent ethnic groups and more than half of the white population are English, Irish, Italian and Scottish.
In the United States, this population was first derived from English (and, to a lesser degree, French) settlement of the Americas, as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century (see History of the United States). Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries, especially Ireland, England, Italy, Greece, France and Wales, as well as Poland, Russia, and many more countries. It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in Mexico and the Southwestern states; German speakers (Amish) in North Dakota, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; and French speakers in New England, and Louisiana.[8]
History[]
The first Europeans who came to North America were Norse explorers around the year 1000, however they ultimately were absorbed and killed off, leaving no permanent settlements behind.[9] Later, Pilgrims and colonists came in the 1600s along the East Coast, mainly from England, in search of economic opportunities and religious freedom.[10] Over time emigrants from Europe settled the coastal regions developing a commercial economy. Between one-half and two-thirds of white immigrants to the American colonies between the 1630s and American Revolution had come as indentured servants.[11] The total number of European immigrants to all 13 colonies before 1775 was about 500,000; of these 55,000 were involuntary prisoners. Of the 450,000 or so European arrivals who came voluntarily, an estimated 48% were indentured.[12]
By the time of American Revolution there were about 2.5 million whites in the colonies.[13] The white population was largely of English, Irish, Scotch-Irish and French Huguenot descent at the time.[14] Between the revolution and the 1820s there was relatively little immigration to the U.S. Starting after the 1820s large scale migration to the U.S began and lasted until the 1920s.[15] Many of the newcomers were Catholics of Irish,[16] Italian,[17] and Polish[18] descent which lead to a nativist backlash. Some Americans worried about the growing Catholic population and wanted to maintain America as an Anglo Saxon Protestant nation.[19][20] Over the course of the 19th and early 20th century European mass emigration to the United States and high birthrates grew the white population.[21][22][23] After the American Revolution white Americans settled the entire nation west of Appalachian Mountains, ultimately displacing the natives and populating the entire country by the late 19th century. All immigration to the US declined markedly between the mid 1920s until the 1960s due to a combination of immigration laws, The Great Depression, and The Second World War.[24] Waves of Jewish, Syrian, and Lebanese immigration also occurred around this time.[25][26][27]
Since 1965 white migration to the U.S has been relatively minor compared to other racial and ethnic groups. During the 1990s there was a moderate increase from former communist countries in Eastern Europe.[28] At the same time birthrates amongst whites have fallen below replacement level.[29]
Culture[]
White Americans have developed their own music, art, cuisine, fashion, and political economy largely based on a combination of traditional European ones.[30][31] Most religious white Americans are Christian.[32] Many Europeans often Anglicized their names and over time most Europeans adopted English as their primary language and intermarried with other white groups.[33][34]
Population stagnation and decline[]
The falling percentage of non-Hispanic white Americans is due to multiple factors:
1. Immigration. The U.S. has the largest number of immigrants in the world with the vast majority coming from countries where the population is of non-white and/or Hispanic origin. Immigration to the U.S. from European countries has been in a steady decline since World War II averaging 56% of all immigrants in the 1950s and declining to 35% of all immigrants in the 1960s, 20% in the 1970s, 11% in the 1980s, 14% in the 1990s, and 13% in the 2000s. In 2009, approximately 90% of all immigrants came from non-European countries.[35] The U.S. does receive a small number of non-Hispanic white immigrants, mainly from countries such as Brazil, Canada, Poland, Russia, and the UK.[36]
2. Intermarriage. The USA is seeing an unprecedented increase in intermarriage between the various racial and ethnic groups. In 2008, a record 14.6% of all new marriages in the United States were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. 9% of non-Hispanic whites who married in 2008 married either a non-white or Hispanic. Among all newlyweds in 2008, intermarried pairings were primarily white-Hispanic of any race (41%) as compared to white-Asian (15%), white-black (11%), and other combinations (33%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and Native Indigenous Americans.[37] The children of such unions would not automatically be classified as white non-Hispanic. Note that one self-identifies his or her racial and/or ethnic category.
3. Methodology. In the 2000 Census, people were allowed to check more than one race in addition to choosing "Hispanic." There was strong opposition to this from some civil rights activists who feared that this would reduce the size of various racial minorities. The government responded by counting those who are white and of one minority race or ethnicity as minorities for the purposes of civil-rights monitoring and enforcement. Hence one could be 1/8th black and still be counted as a minority.[38] Also, because this does not apply to Hispanic origin (one is either Hispanic or not, but cannot be both Hispanic and non-Hispanic), the offspring of Hispanics and non-Hispanics are usually counted as Hispanic.[39] In 2017, the Pew Research Center reported that high intermarriage rates and declining Latin American immigration has led to 11% of U.S. adults with Hispanic ancestry (5.0 million people) to no longer identify as Hispanic.[40] First generation immigrants from Spain and Latin America identify as Hispanic at very high rates (97%) which reduces in each succeeding generation, second generation (92%), third generation (77%), and fourth generation (50%).[40]
4. Attrition. Minority populations are younger than non-Hispanic whites. The national median age in 2011 was 37.3 with non-Hispanic whites having the oldest median age (42.3) while Hispanics have the youngest (27.6). Non-Hispanic blacks (32.9) and non-Hispanic Asians (35.9) also are younger than whites.[41] In 2013, the Census Bureau reported that for the first time, due to the more advanced age profile of the non-Hispanic white population, non-Hispanic whites died at a faster rate than non-Hispanic white births.[42]
Although non-Hispanic whites are declining as a percentage, in actual numbers they have still been growing. From 2000 - 2010 the non-Hispanic white population grew from 194,552,774 to 196,817,552. This was a growth of 1.2% over the 10-year period, due to residual population momentum.[43]
In 2011, for the first time in U.S. history, Anglo Americans accounted for under half of the births in the country, with 49.6% of total births.[44] Over 50% of children under age one have at least one parent of color or at lest one parent who is white hispanic.[45][46]
Population by settlement[]
State/Territory | Pop 1990 | % pop 1990 |
Pop 2000 | % pop 2000 |
Pop 2010 | % pop 2010 |
Pop 2018 | % pop 2018 |
% growth 2000-2012 |
% pop 1990-2012 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | 2,960,167 | 73.3% | 3,125,819 | 70.3% | 3,204,402 | 67.0% | 3,190,852 | 65.3% | +2.8% | -6.7 pp |
Alaska | 406,722 | 73.9% | 423,788 | 67.6% | 455,320 | 64.1% | 444,026 | 60.2% | +8.7% | -10.9 pp |
File:Flag of Arizona.svg.png Arizona | 2,626,185 | 71.7% | 3,274,258 | 63.8% | 3,695,647 | 57.8% | 3,895,202 | 54.3% | +13.9% | -14.8 pp |
File:Flag of Arkansas.svg.png Arkansas | 1,933,082 | 82.2% | 2,100,135 | 78.6% | 2,173,469 | 74.5% | 2,172,904 | 72.1% | +3.8% | -8.3 pp |
California | 17,029,126 | 57.2% | 15,816,790 | 46.7% | 14,956,253 | 40.1% | 14,497,300 | 36.6% | -5.8% | -18.0 pp |
File:Flag of Colorado.svg.png Colorado | 2,658,945 | 80.7% | 3,202,880 | 74.5% | 3,520,793 | 70.0% | 3,858,958 | 67.8% | +12.4% | -11.3 pp |
File:Flag of Connecticut.svg.png Connecticut | 2,754,184 | 83.8% | 2,638,845 | 77.5% | 2,546,262 | 71.2% | 2,367,299 | 66.3% | -4.8% | -13.8 pp |
File:Flag of Delaware.svg.png Delaware | 528,092 | 79.3% | 567,973 | 72.5% | 586,752 | 65.3% | 598,300 | 61.9% | +3.8% | -15.0 pp |
File:Flag of the District of Columbia.svg.png District of Columbia | 166,131 | 27.4% | 159,178 | 27.8% | 209,464 | 34.8% | 259,776 | 37.0% | +40.1% | +7.9 pp |
File:Flag of Florida.svg.png Florida | 9,475,326 | 73.2% | 10,458,509 | 65.4% | 10,884,722 | 57.9% | 11,342,671 | 53.3% | +4.9% | -16.4 pp |
Georgia | 4,543,425 | 70.1% | 5,128,661 | 62.6% | 5,413,920 | 55.9% | 5,495,424 | 52.2% | +6.5% | -15.1 pp |
File:Flag of Hawaii.svg.png Hawaii | 347,644 | 31.4% | 277,091 | 22.9% | 309,343 | 22.7% | 307,581 | 21.7% | +14.4% | -8.6 pp |
File:Flag of Idaho.svg.png Idaho | 928,661 | 92.2% | 1,139,291 | 88.0% | 1,316,243 | 84.0% | 1,432,781 | 81.7% | +16.8% | -8.8 pp |
File:Flag of Illinois.svg.png Illinois | 8,550,208 | 74.8% | 8,424,140 | 67.8% | 8,167,753 | 63.7% | 7,764,122 | 60.9% | -3.9% | -11.9 pp |
File:Flag of Indiana.svg.png Indiana | 4,965,242 | 89.6% | 5,219,373 | 85.8% | 5,286,453 | 81.5% | 5,266,034 | 78.7% | +1.3% | -8.7 pp |
File:Flag of Iowa.svg.png Iowa | 2,663,840 | 95.9% | 2,710,344 | 92.6% | 2,701,123 | 88.7% | 2,696,798 | 85.4% | -0.2% | -7.9 pp |
File:Flag of Kansas.svg.png Kansas | 2,190,524 | 88.4% | 2,233,997 | 83.1% | 2,230,539 | 78.2% | 2,201,418 | 75.6% | 0.0% | -11.0 pp |
File:Flag of Kentucky.svg.png Kentucky | 3,378,022 | 91.7% | 3,608,013 | 89.3% | 3,745,655 | 86.3% | 3,774,824 | 84.5% | +4.2% | -5.9 pp |
File:Flag of Louisiana.svg.png Louisiana | 2,776,022 | 65.8% | 2,794,391 | 62.5% | 2,734,884 | 60.3% | 2,720,534 | 58.4% | -1.6% | -6.1 pp |
File:Flag of Maine.svg.png Maine | 1,203,357 | 98.0% | 1,230,297 | 96.5% | 1,254,297 | 94.4% | 1,245,632 | 93.1% | +1.7% | -3.9 pp |
File:Flag of Maryland.svg.png Maryland | 3,326,109 | 69.6% | 3,286,547 | 62.1% | 3,157,958 | 54.7% | 3,035,979 | 50.2% | -3.7% | -15.8 pp |
Massachusetts | 5,280,292 | 87.8% | 5,198,359 | 81.9% | 4,984,800 | 76.1% | 4,883,700 | 71.8% | -3.7% | -12.6 pp |
Michigan | 7,649,951 | 82.3% | 7,806,691 | 78.6% | 7,569,939 | 76.6% | 7,476,350 | 74.8% | -3.6% | -6.2 pp |
Minnesota | 4,101,266 | 93.7% | 4,337,143 | 88.2% | 4,405,142 | 83.1% | 4,454,930 | 79.4% | +2.0% | -11.4 pp |
Mississippi | 1,624,198 | 63.1% | 1,727,908 | 60.7% | 1,722,287 | 58.0% | 1,684,116 | 56.4% | -0.6% | -5.6 pp |
File:Flag of Missouri.svg.png Missouri | 4,448,465 | 86.9% | 4,686,474 | 83.8% | 4,850,748 | 81.0% | 4,857,890 | 79.3% | +3.5% | -6.4 pp |
File:Flag of Montana.svg.png Montana | 733,878 | 91.8% | 807,823 | 89.5% | 868,628 | 87.8% | 911,352 | 85.8% | +8.5% | -4.6 pp |
File:Flag of Nebraska.svg.png Nebraska | 1,460,095 | 92.5% | 1,494,494 | 87.3% | 1,499,753 | 82.1% | 1,514,098 | 78.5% | +1.0% | -11.2 pp |
Nevada | 946,357 | 78.7% | 1,303,001 | 65.2% | 1,462,081 | 54.1% | 1,470,210 | 48.5% | +11.7% | -26.0 pp |
File:Flag of New Hampshire.svg.png New Hampshire | 1,079,484 | 97.3% | 1,175,252 | 95.1% | 1,215,050 | 92.3% | 1,218,502 | 89.8% | +3.2% | -5.5 pp |
File:Flag of New Jersey.svg.png New Jersey | 5,718,966 | 74.0% | 5,557,209 | 66.0% | 5,214,878 | 59.3% | 4,863,535 | 54.6% | -7.6% | -16.1 pp |
File:Flag of New Mexico.svg.png New Mexico | 764,164 | 50.4% | 813,495 | 44.7% | 833,810 | 40.5% | 773,546 | 36.9% | +1.7% | -10.7 pp |
File:Flag of New York.svg.png New York | 12,460,189 | 69.3% | 11,760,981 | 62.0% | 11,304,247 | 58.3% | 10,791,665 | 55.2% | -4.5% | -11.9 pp |
File:Flag of North Carolina.svg.png North Carolina | 4,971,127 | 75.0% | 5,647,155 | 70.2% | 6,223,995 | 65.3% | 6,505,360 | 62.7% | +11.4% | -10.5 pp |
File:Flag of North Dakota.svg.png North Dakota | 601,592 | 94.2% | 589,149 | 91.7% | 598,007 | 88.9% | 636,780 | 83.8% | +4.6% | -6.1 pp |
File:Flag of Ohio.svg.png Ohio | 9,444,622 | 87.1% | 9,538,111 | 84.0% | 9,359,263 | 81.1% | 9,183,461 | 78.6% | -2.4% | -6.5 pp |
File:Flag of Oklahoma.svg.png Oklahoma | 2,547,588 | 81.0% | 2,556,368 | 74.1% | 2,575,381 | 68.7% | 2,566,506 | 65.1% | +1.2% | -13.2 pp |
File:Flag of Oregon.svg.png Oregon | 2,579,732 | 90.8% | 2,857,616 | 83.5% | 3,005,848 | 78.5% | 3,146,829 | 75.1% | +5.9% | -13.2 pp |
Pennsylvania | 10,422,058 | 87.7% | 10,322,455 | 84.1% | 10,094,652 | 79.5% | 9,725,769 | 75.9% | -2.8% | -9.1 pp |
File:Flag of Rhode Island.svg.png Rhode Island | 896,109 | 89.3% | 858,433 | 81.9% | 803,685 | 76.4% | 755,249 | 71.4% | -7.8% | -13.9 pp |
File:Flag of South Carolina.svg.png South Carolina | 2,390,056 | 68.5% | 2,652,291 | 66.1% | 2,962,740 | 64.1% | 3,230,600 | 63.5% | +13.7% | -4.6 pp |
File:Flag of South Dakota.svg.png South Dakota | 634,788 | 91.2% | 664,585 | 88.0% | 689,502 | 84.7% | 716,984 | 81.3% | +5.1% | -7.4 pp |
File:Flag of Tennessee.svg.png Tennessee | 4,027,631 | 82.6% | 4,505,930 | 79.2% | 4,800,782 | 75.6% | 4,983,171 | 73.6% | +7.4% | -7.6 pp |
Texas | 10,291,680 | 60.6% | 10,933,313 | 52.4% | 11,397,345 | 45.3% | 11,884,773 | 41.4% | +5.7% | -16.3 pp |
File:Flag of Utah.svg.png Utah | 1,571,254 | 91.2% | 1,904,265 | 85.3% | 2,221,719 | 80.4% | 2,460,087 | 77.8% | +19.7% | -11.4 pp |
File:Flag of Vermont.svg.png Vermont | 552,184 | 98.1% | 585,431 | 96.2% | 590,223 | 94.3% | 580,758 | 92.7% | +0.5% | -4.3 pp |
File:Flag of Virginia.svg.png Virginia | 4,701,650 | 76.0% | 4,965,637 | 70.2% | 5,186,450 | 64.8% | 5,223,245 | 61.3% | +5.4% | -12.1 pp |
File:Flag of Washington.svg.png Washington | 4,221,622 | 86.7% | 4,652,490 | 78.9% | 4,876,804 | 72.5% | 5,110,801 | 67.8% | +5.9% | -15.3 pp |
File:Flag of West Virginia.svg.png West Virginia | 1,718,896 | 95.8% | 1,709,966 | 94.6% | 1,726,256 | 93.2% | 1,660,844 | 92.0% | +0.7% | -3.0 pp |
Wisconsin | 4,464,677 | 91.3% | 4,681,630 | 87.3% | 4,738,411 | 83.3% | 4,710,335 | 81.0% | +1.2% | -8.5 pp |
File:Flag of Wyoming.svg.png Wyoming | 412,711 | 91.0% | 438,799 | 88.9% | 483,874 | 85.9% | 484,990 | 83.9% | +11.1% | -6.4 pp |
File:Flag of American Samoa.svg.png American Samoa | 682 | 1.2% | 611 | 1.1% | -10.4% | |||||
File:Flag of Guam.svg.png Guam | 10,666 | 6.9% | 11,001 | 6.9% | +3.1% | |||||
File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg.png Northern Mariana Islands | 1,274 | 1.8% | 916 | 1.7% | -28.1% | |||||
Puerto Rico | 33,966 | 0.9% | 26,946 | 0.7% | 23,542 | 0.6% | -30.7% | |||
File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg.png U.S. Virgin Islands | 8,580 | 7.9% | 3,830 | 3.6% | -55.3% | |||||
United States of America | 188,128,296 | 75.6% | 194,552,774 | 69.1% | 196,817,552 | 63.7% | 197,034,851 | 60.2% | +1.4% | –11.9 pp |
In 2012, in 37 out of the 50 U.S. states non-Hispanic whites made up a greater percentage of the state's population than the U.S. overall share of 62.8%; however, the 13 states with greater shares of non-whites include the four most populous states (California, Texas, New York, and Florida). Also, note that while the total non-Hispanic white population has grown since 2000 in 36 out of the 50 states, the relative share of non-Hispanic whites in the overall state population has declined in all 50 states during that same time period.
As of 2016, five states are majority minority: Hawaii, California, New Mexico, Texas, and Nevada.
Historical population by state or territory[]
State/Territory | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | 65.3% | 73.3% | 73.3% | 73.3% | 70.3% | 67.0% | 65.8% | 65.3% | |||||
Alaska | 48.3% | 77.2% | 75.8% | 73.9% | 67.6% | 64.1% | 61.2% | 60.2% | |||||
File:Flag of Arizona.svg.png Arizona | 65.1% | 74.3% | 74.5% | 71.7% | 63.8% | 57.8% | 55.5% | 54.3% | |||||
File:Flag of Arkansas.svg.png Arkansas | 75.2% | 81.0% | 82.2% | 82.2% | 78.6% | 74.5% | 72.9% | 72.1% | |||||
California | 89.5% | 76.3% | 66.6% | 57.2% | 46.7% | 40.1% | 37.7% | 36.6% | |||||
File:Flag of Colorado.svg.png Colorado | 90.3% | 84.6% | 82.7% | 80.7% | 74.5% | 70.0% | 68.6% | 67.8% | |||||
File:Flag of Connecticut.svg.png Connecticut | 97.9% | 91.4% | 88.0% | 83.8% | 77.5% | 71.2% | 67.7% | 66.3% | |||||
File:Flag of Delaware.svg.png Delaware | 86.4% | 84.1% | 81.3% | 79.3% | 72.5% | 65.3% | 62.9% | 61.9% | |||||
File:Flag of the District of Columbia.svg.png District of Columbia | 71.4% | 26.5% | 25.7% | 27.4% | 27.8% | 34.8% | 36.4% | 37.0% | |||||
File:Flag of Florida.svg.png Florida | 71.5% | 77.9% | 76.7% | 73.2% | 65.4% | 57.9% | 54.9% | 53.3% | |||||
Georgia | 65.2% | 73.4% | 71.6% | 70.1% | 62.6% | 55.9% | 53.4% | 52.2% | |||||
File:Flag of Hawaii.svg.png Hawaii | 31.5% | 38.0% | 31.1% | 31.4% | 22.9% | 22.7% | 22.1% | 21.7% | |||||
File:Flag of Idaho.svg.png Idaho | 98.4% | 95.9% | 93.9% | 92.2% | 88.0% | 84.0% | 82.4% | 81.7% | |||||
File:Flag of Illinois.svg.png Illinois | 94.7% | 83.5% | 78.0% | 74.8% | 67.8% | 63.7% | 61.7% | 60.9% | |||||
File:Flag of Indiana.svg.png Indiana | 96.3% | 91.7% | 90.2% | 89.6% | 85.8% | 81.5% | 79.6% | 78.7% | |||||
File:Flag of Iowa.svg.png Iowa | 99.2% | 98.0% | 96.9% | 95.9% | 92.6% | 88.7% | 86.2% | 85.4% | |||||
File:Flag of Kansas.svg.png Kansas | 95.6% | 92.7% | 90.5% | 88.4% | 83.1% | 78.2% | 76.3% | 75.6% | |||||
File:Flag of Kentucky.svg.png Kentucky | 92.5% | 92.4% | 91.7% | 91.7% | 89.3% | 86.3% | 85.0% | 84.5% | |||||
File:Flag of Louisiana.svg.png Louisiana | 63.7% | 68.2% | 67.6% | 65.8% | 62.5% | 60.3% | 59.0% | 58.4% | |||||
File:Flag of Maine.svg.png Maine | 99.7% | 99.1% | 98.3% | 98.0% | 96.5% | 94.4% | 93.5% | 93.1% | |||||
File:Flag of Maryland.svg.png Maryland | 83.3% | 80.4% | 73.9% | 69.6% | 62.1% | 54.7% | 51.5% | 50.2% | |||||
Massachusetts | 98.6% | 95.4% | 92.3% | 87.8% | 81.9% | 76.1% | 72.7% | 70.8% | |||||
Michigan | 95.7% | 87.1% | 84.1% | 82.3% | 78.6% | 76.6% | 75.4% | 74.8% | |||||
Minnesota | 99.0% | 97.7% | 96.1% | 93.7% | 88.2% | 83.1% | 80.6% | 79.4% | |||||
Mississippi | 50.6% | 62.6% | 63.6% | 63.1% | 60.7% | 58.0% | 56.9% | 56.4% | |||||
File:Flag of Missouri.svg.png Missouri | 93.4% | 88.6% | 87.7% | 86.9% | 83.8% | 81.0% | 79.7% | 79.3% | |||||
File:Flag of Montana.svg.png Montana | 96.2% | 94.7% | 93.4% | 91.8% | 89.5% | 87.8% | 86.5% | 85.8% | |||||
File:Flag of Nebraska.svg.png Nebraska | 98.2% | 95.2% | 94.0% | 92.5% | 87.3% | 82.1% | 79.6% | 78.5% | |||||
Nevada | 91.6% | 86.7% | 83.2% | 78.7% | 65.2% | 54.1% | 49.9% | 48.5% | |||||
File:Flag of New Hampshire.svg.png New Hampshire | 99.9% | 99.1% | 98.4% | 97.3% | 95.1% | 92.3% | 90.8% | 89.8% | |||||
File:Flag of New Jersey.svg.png New Jersey | 94.3% | 84.7% | 79.1% | 74.0% | 66.0% | 59.3% | 55.8% | 54.6% | |||||
File:Flag of New Mexico.svg.png New Mexico | 50.9% | 53.8% | 52.6% | 50.4% | 44.7% | 40.5% | 38.1% | 36.9% | |||||
File:Flag of New York.svg.png New York | 94.6% | 80.1% | 75.0% | 69.3% | 62.0% | 58.3% | 55.8% | 55.2% | |||||
File:Flag of North Carolina.svg.png North Carolina | 71.9% | 76.5% | 75.3% | 75.0% | 70.2% | 65.3% | 63.5% | 62.7% | |||||
File:Flag of North Dakota.svg.png North Dakota | 98.3% | 96.9% | 95.5% | 94.2% | 91.7% | 88.9% | 85.0% | 83.8% | |||||
File:Flag of Ohio.svg.png Ohio | 95.0% | 89.8% | 88.2% | 87.1% | 84.0% | 81.1% | 79.5% | 78.6% | |||||
File:Flag of Oklahoma.svg.png Oklahoma | 89.9% | 88.1% | 85.0% | 81.0% | 74.1% | 68.7% | 66.2% | 65.1% | |||||
File:Flag of Oregon.svg.png Oregon | 98.6% | 95.8% | 93.3% | 90.8% | 83.5% | 78.5% | 76.4% | 75.1% | |||||
Pennsylvania | 95.1% | 90.3% | 89.1% | 87.7% | 84.1% | 79.5% | 77.0% | 75.9% | |||||
File:Flag of Rhode Island.svg.png Rhode Island | 98.3% | 96.1% | 93.4% | 89.3% | 81.9% | 76.4% | 73.3% | 71.4% | |||||
File:Flag of South Carolina.svg.png South Carolina | 57.1% | 69.0% | 68.3% | 68.5% | 66.1% | 64.1% | 63.9% | 63.5% | |||||
File:Flag of South Dakota.svg.png South Dakota | 96.2% | 94.6% | 92.3% | 91.2% | 88.0% | 84.7% | 82.5% | 81.3% | |||||
File:Flag of Tennessee.svg.png Tennessee | 82.5% | 83.7% | 83.1% | 82.6% | 79.2% | 75.6% | 74.2% | 73.6% | |||||
Texas | 74.1% | 69.6% | 65.7% | 60.6% | 52.4% | 45.3% | 42.6% | 41.4% | |||||
File:Flag of Utah.svg.png Utah | 98.2% | 93.6% | 92.4% | 91.2% | 85.3% | 80.4% | 78.8% | 77.8% | |||||
File:Flag of Vermont.svg.png Vermont | 99.7% | 99.2% | 98.5% | 98.1% | 96.2% | 94.3% | 93.1% | 92.7% | |||||
File:Flag of Virginia.svg.png Virginia | 75.3% | 80.1% | 78.2% | 76.0% | 70.2% | 64.8% | 62.4% | 61.3% | |||||
File:Flag of Washington.svg.png Washington | 97.7% | 93.6% | 90.2% | 86.7% | 78.9% | 72.5% | 69.5% | 67.8% | |||||
File:Flag of West Virginia.svg.png West Virginia | 93.7% | 95.7% | 95.6% | 95.8% | 94.6% | 93.2% | 92.3% | 92.0% | |||||
Wisconsin | 99.2% | 95.6% | 93.6% | 91.3% | 87.3% | 83.3% | 81.7% | 81.0% | |||||
File:Flag of Wyoming.svg.png Wyoming | 95.9% | 92.1% | 92.0% | 91.0% | 88.9% | 85.9% | 84.1% | 83.9% | |||||
Puerto Rico | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.6% |
See also[]
- Anglo
- Emigration from Europe
- European Americans
- Stereotypes of White Americans
- White Americans
- White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
- White ethnic
- White Hispanic and Latino Americans
- White Southerners
References[]
- ↑ "ACS Demographic and Housing Unit Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. December 2019. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
- ↑ "Table 53. Languages Spoken At Home by Language: 2009", The 2012 Statistical Abstract, U.S. Census Bureau, archived from the original on 2007-12-25, retrieved 2011-12-27
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary: "Anglo" North American A white English-speaking person of British or northern European origin, in particular (in the U.S.) as distinct from a Hispanic American or (in Canada) as distinct from a French-speaker.
- ↑ Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of Anglo in English: It is defined as a synonym for Anglo-American--Page 86
- ↑ "Anglo - Definitions from Dictionary.com; American Heritage Dictionary". Lexico Publishing Group. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
Usage Note: In contemporary American usage, Anglo is used primarily in direct contrast to Hispanic or Latino. In this context it is not limited to persons of English or even British descent, but can be generally applied to any non-Hispanic white person, making mother tongue (in this case English) the primary factor. Thus in parts of the United States such as the Southwest United States with large Hispanic populations, an American of Polish, Irish, or German heritage might be termed an Anglo just as readily as a person of English descent. However, in parts of the country where the Hispanic community is smaller or nonexistent, or in areas where ethnic distinctions among European groups remain strong, Anglo has little currency as a catch-all term for non-Hispanic whites. Anglo is also used in non-Hispanic contexts. In Canada, where its usage dates at least to 1800, the distinction is between persons of English and French descent. And in American historical contexts Anglo is apt to be used more strictly to refer to persons of English heritage, as in this passage describing the politics of nation-building in pre-Revolutionary America: "The 'unity' of the American people derived ... from the ability and willingness of an Anglo elite to stamp its image on other peoples coming to this country" (Benjamin Schwarz).
- ↑ "White persons, percent, 2000". Web.archive.org. 4 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ↑ Bureau, U.S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ↑ "ROACH v. DRESSER IND. VALVE & INSTRUMENT DIVISION – 494 F.Supp. 215 (1980) – Leagle.com". leagle.com.
- ↑ "Coming to America: Who Was First?". NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "Colonial America (1492-1763)". www.americaslibrary.gov. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Galenson 1984: 1
- ↑ Christopher Tomlins, "Reconsidering Indentured Servitude: European Migration and the Early American Labor Force, 1600–1775," Labor History (2001) 42#1 pp 5–43, at p.
- ↑ Wells, R. V. (2015). Population of the British Colonies in America Before 1776: A Survey of Census Data. Princeton University Press.
- ↑ Szucs, L. D., & Luebking, S. H. (Eds.). (2006). The source: A guidebook to American genealogy. Ancestry Publishing.
- ↑ "Trends in Migration to the U.S. – Population Reference Bureau". www.prb.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Byrne, James Patrick, Philip Coleman, Jason Francis King, ed. Ireland and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2008. (pg. 31-34) ISBN: 1-85109-614-0
- ↑ "Destination America . When did they come? | PBS". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "Polish Immigration". www2.needham.k12.ma.us. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "Meet the 19th-century Political Party Founded on Ethnic Hate". 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "When America Hated Catholics". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Batalova, Jeanne Batalova Elijah Alperin and Jeanne (2018-07-31). "European Immigrants in the United States". migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Last, Jonathan V. (2013-02-12). "America's Baby Bust". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Tolnay, S. E., Graham, S. N., & Guest, A. M. (1982). Own-child estimates of US white fertility, 1886–99. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 15(3), 127-138.
- ↑ "Immigration Timeline - The Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island". www.libertyellisfoundation.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates".
- ↑ Robert Moses Shapiro (2003). Why Didn't the Press Shout?: American & International Journalism During the Holocaust. KTAV. p. 18. ISBN 9780881257755.
- ↑ "Lebanese and Syrian Americans | Utica College". www.utica.edu.
- ↑ Heleniak, Tim (2013-06-28). "Diasporas and Development in Post-Communist Eurasia". migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "Fewer Births Than Deaths Among Whites in Majority of U.S. States". Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Mikhail, Lyubansk. "Going Where Glenn Beck Wouldn't: Defining White Culture". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Ann Zimmermann, Kim (July 13, 2017). "American Culture: Traditions and Customs of the United States". Live Science. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "Religious Landscape Study". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ Ault, Alicia. "Did Ellis Island Officials Really Change the Names of Immigrants?". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "Immigrant Names and Name Changes at Ellis Island - Genealogy.com". www.genealogy.com. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ↑ "US Office of Immigration Statistics: 2009 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-06-17.
- ↑ "Immigration Data & Statistics - Homeland Security". Dhs.gov. Retrieved 2017-08-19.
- ↑ "Marrying Out : One-in-Seven New U.S. Marriages is Interracial or Interethnic" (PDF). Pewsocialtrends.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2017-08-19.
- ↑ KENNETH PREWITT (August 21, 2013). ""Fix the Census' Archaic Racial Categories"". The New York Times.
- ↑ Yglesias, Matthew (22 May 2012). "The Myth of Majority-Minority America". Slate.com. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Gonzalex-Barrera, Ana; Lopez, Gustavo; Lopez, Mark Hugo (December 20, 2017). "Hispanic Identity Fades Across Generations as Immigrant Connections Fall Away". Pew Research Center.
- ↑ Passel, Jeffrey S.; Livingston, Gretchen; Cohn, D’Vera (17 May 2012). "Explaining Why Minority Births Now Outnumber White Births". Pewsocialtrends.org. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ↑ SAM ROBERTS (June 13, 2013). ""Census Benchmark for White Americans: More Deaths Than Births"". The New York Times.
- ↑ Staff, By the CNN Wire. "White U.S. population grows but drops in overall percentage". CNN. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ↑ Tavernise, Sabrina (17 May 2012). "Whites Account for Under Half of Births in U.S." The New York Times. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ↑ "It's official: Minority babies are the majority among the nation's infants, but only just". Pew Research Center. June 23, 2016.
- ↑ Exner, Rich (July 3, 2012). "Americans under age one now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, OH.
- ↑ "2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". American FactFinder, U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ↑ "2010 Census". Census.gov. Retrieved 2017-08-19.
- ↑ "Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
- ↑ "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
- ↑ "The White Population: 2000 : Percent of Population for One or More Races" (PDF). Census.gov. Retrieved 2017-08-19.
- ↑ "The White Population: 2000 : 2010 Census Briefs" (PDF). Census.gov. Retrieved 2017-08-19.
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