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Moana | |
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File:Moana Teaser Poster.jpg | |
Directed by | |
Screenplay by | Jared Bush |
Story by |
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Produced by | Osnat Shurer |
Starring |
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Cinematography | Rob Dressel (layout) Adolph Lusinsky (lighting) |
Edited by | Jeff Draheim |
Music by |
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Production company | |
Distributed by | Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |
Release date |
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Running time | 107 minutes[1] |
Country |
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Language | English |
Budget | $150–175 million[2][3] |
Box office | $690.8 million[1] |
Moana (also known as Vaiana[4] or Oceania,[5] in some markets) is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure fantasy-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 56th Disney animated feature film. Directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and co-directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams, the film introduces Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana and features the voices of Dwayne Johnson, Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, Jemaine Clement, Nicole Scherzinger, and Alan Tudyk. The film features songs written by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i and Mark Mancina, and an orchestral score also composed by Mancina.
The film tells the story of Moana, the strong-willed daughter of a chief of a Polynesian village, who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic with the goddess Te Fiti. When a blight strikes her island, Moana sets sail in search of Maui, a legendary demigod, in the hope of returning the relic to Te Fiti and saving her people.
Moana was released theatrically in the United States on November 23, 2016 to positive reviews from critics, with particular praise going towards its animation, music, and vocal performances. The film went on to gross over $690 million worldwide. Along with Zootopia, it marked the first time since 2002 that Walt Disney Animation Studios released two feature films in the same year. It received two nominations at the 89th Academy Awards: Best Animated Feature, and Best Original Song ("How Far I'll Go").[6]
Plot[]
On the Polynesian island of Motunui, the inhabitants worship the goddess Te Fiti, who brought life to the ocean using a pounamu stone as her heart and the source of her power. Maui, the shape-shifting demigod and master of sailing, steals the heart to give humanity the power of creation. However, Te Fiti disintegrates, and Maui is attacked by another who seeks the heart: Te Kā, a volcanic demon. He loses both his magical giant fishhook and the heart to the depths of the sea.
A millennium later, the ocean chooses Moana, daughter of Motunui's chief Tui, to return the heart to Te Fiti. Tui takes Moana away, causing her to lose the heart. Tui and Sina, Moana's mother, try to keep her away from the ocean to prepare her for ascension as the island's chief. Sixteen years later, a blight strikes the island, killing vegetation and shrinking the fish catch. Moana suggests going beyond the island's reef to find more fish and figure out what is happening, but Tui forbids it. Moana tries conquering the reef but is overpowered by the tides and shipwrecked back to Motunui with Pua the pig.
Moana's grandmother, Tala, shows her a secret cave of ships, revealing that their people were voyagers until Maui stole Te Fiti's heart; the ocean was no longer safe without it. Tala explains that Te Kā's darkness is poisoning the island, but can be cured if Moana finds Maui and makes him restore the heart of Te Fiti, which she gives to Moana. Tala falls ill and, on her death bed, tells Moana that she must depart to find Maui.
Setting sail on a camakau from the cavern, Moana is caught in a typhoon and shipwrecked on an island where she finds Maui, who boasts about his achievements. She demands that Maui return the heart, but he refuses and traps her in a cave. She escapes and confronts Maui, who reluctantly lets her on the camakau. They are attacked by Kakamora—small, coconut-armored pirates—who seek the heart, but Moana and Maui outwit them. Moana realizes Maui is no longer a hero since he stole the heart and cursed the world, and convinces him to redeem himself by returning the heart. Maui first needs to retrieve his magical fishhook in Lalotai, the Realm of Monsters, from Tamatoa, a giant coconut crab. While Moana distracts Tamatoa, Maui retrieves his hook but discovers he can no longer control his shape-shifting. He is overpowered by Tamatoa, but Moana's quick thinking allows them to escape with the hook. Maui reveals that his first tattoo was earned when his mortal parents abandoned him as an infant, and the gods, taking pity on him, granted him his powers. After reassurance from Moana, Maui teaches her the art of sailing, regaining control of his powers, and the two grow closer.
They arrive at Te Fiti's island, only to be attacked by Te Kā. Moana refuses to turn back, resulting in Maui's hook being badly damaged. Unwilling to lose his hook in another confrontation with Te Kā, Maui abandons Moana, who tearfully asks the ocean to find someone else to restore the heart and loses hope. The ocean obliges and takes the heart, but Tala's spirit appears, inspiring Moana to find her true calling. She retrieves the heart and sails back to confront Te Kā. Maui returns, having had a change of heart, and buys Moana time to reach Te Fiti by fighting Te Kā, destroying his hook in the process. Moana discovers Te Fiti is missing, and realizes Te Kā is Te Fiti, corrupted without her heart. Moana tells the ocean to clear a path, allowing her to return Te Fiti's heart, and the restored goddess heals the ocean and islands of the blight. Maui apologizes to Te Fiti, who restores his hook and gives Moana a new boat before falling into a deep sleep and becoming a mountain.
Moana bids farewell to Maui, returning home where she reunites with her parents. She takes up her role as chief and wayfinder, leading her people as they resume voyaging.
In a post-credits scene, Tamatoa, stuck on his back, addresses the audience, knowing they would help if he was named Sebastian.
Cast[]
- Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana, the curious daughter of village chief Tui and his wife Sina, who is chosen by the ocean to restore the heart of Te Fiti
- Dwayne Johnson as Maui, a legendary strong-willed yet easily annoyed shapeshifting demigod who sets off with Moana on her journey
- Rachel House as Tala, Tui's mother and Moana's paternal grandmother. Like Moana, Tala shares a passion for the ocean and the two have a very deep bond.
- Temuera Morrison as Tui, Moana's overprotective father, who is chief of Motunui Island and Tala's son.
- Jemaine Clement as Tamatoa, a giant, villainous, treasure-hoarding coconut crab from Lalotai, the Realm of Monsters
- Nicole Scherzinger as Sina, Moana's mother and Tui's wife and the chieftainess of the village.
- Alan Tudyk as Heihei, Moana's pet rooster
- Tudyk also voices Villager No. 3, an old man who suggests cooking Heihei
- Oscar Kightley as a fisherman
- Troy Polamalu as Villager No. 1
- Puanani Cravalho (Auliʻi's mother) as Villager No. 2
Production[]
Development[]
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After directing The Princess and the Frog (2009), Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort,[12] but problems with acquiring the necessary film rights prevented them from continuing with that project. To avoid a recurrence of that issue, they pitched three original ideas.[13] The genesis of one of those ideas (the one that was ultimately green-lit) occurred in 2011, when Musker began reading up on Polynesian mythology, and learned of the heroic exploits of the demigod Māui. Intrigued with the rich culture of Polynesia, he felt it would be a suitable subject for an animated film. Shortly thereafter, Musker and Clements wrote a treatment and pitched it to John Lasseter, who recommended that both of them should go on research trips.[14][15] Accordingly, in 2012, Clements and Musker went on research trips to Fiji, Samoa, and Tahiti to meet the people of the South Pacific Ocean and learn about their culture.[16] At first, they had planned to make the film entirely about Maui, but their initial research trips inspired Clements to pitch a new idea focused on the young daughter of a chief.[17]
Clements and Musker were fascinated to learn during their research that the people of Polynesia abruptly stopped making long-distance voyages about three thousand years ago. Their navigational traditions predated those of European explorers, beginning around 300 CE.[18] Native people of the Pacific possessed knowledge of the world and their place in it prior to the incursion of foreigners. For example, Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians) were well aware of the existence of far away islands, had names for these places, and were interested in exploring them to benefit their societies.[18] This voyaging heritage was made possible by a geographical knowledge system based on individual perspective rather than the European cardinal direction system.[18] The reasons for the halt of this voyaging tradition remain unknown, but scholars have offered climate change and resulting shifts in ocean currents and wind patterns as one possible explanation.[18] Native peoples of the Pacific resumed voyaging again a thousand years later. Clements and Musker set the film at that point in time, about two thousand years ago, on a fictional island in the central Pacific Ocean, which drew inspiration from elements of the real-life island nations of Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga.[19]
Over the five years it took to develop and produce the film, Clements and Musker recruited experts from across the South Pacific to form an Oceanic Story Trust, who consulted on the film's cultural accuracy and sensitivity as the story evolved through nine versions.[20] The Trust responded negatively, for example, to a depiction of Maui as bald, and to a proposed scene in which Moana threw a tantrum by throwing coconuts. In response, Maui was reworked with long hair and the coconut scene was scrapped.[17]
During the 2015 D23 Expo's panel for Disney's slate of upcoming animated films, Moana's last name was given as "Waialiki", but that name was not retained in the final film.[21]
Writing[]
Taika Waititi wrote the initial screenplay,[22] but went home to New Zealand in 2012 to focus on his newborn first child and What We Do in the Shadows.[23] Years later, Waititi joked that all that was left of his original draft was "EXT: OCEAN – DAY".[23] The first draft focused on Moana as the sole daughter in a family with "five or six brothers",[24] in which gender played into the story. However, the brothers and gender-based theme were deleted from the story, as the directors thought Moana's journey should be about finding herself.[15] A subsequent draft presented Moana's father as the one who wanted to resume navigation, but it was rewritten to have him oppose navigation so he would not overshadow Moana.[15] Instead, Pamela Ribon came up with the idea of a grandmother character for the film,[25] who would serve as a mentor linking Moana to ancient traditions.[24] Another version focused on Moana rescuing her father, who had been lost at sea.[26] The film's story changed drastically during the development phase (which happens with most Disney films), and that idea ultimately survived only as a subtle element of the father's backstory.[26]
Te Kā was referred to in early drafts of the film as Te Pō,[27] a reference to the Māori goddess Hine-nui-te-pō, who was originally the life-giving goddess Hine-tītama, but became the goddess of death upon discovering that her husband the god Tāne was also her father.[28] Māui set out to defeat her in order to bring immortality to humans, but failed and was himself killed.[29]
Aaron and Jordan Kandell joined the project during a critical period to help deepen the emotional story architecture of the film. They are credited with developing the core relationship between Moana and Maui, the prologue, the Cave of the Wayfinders, the Kakamora, and the collector crab Tamatoa (played by Jemaine Clement).[30] Jared Bush received sole credit as the writer of the final version of the screenplay.
Several major story problems were identified in 2015 after the film had already transitioned from development into production, but computer-generated films tend to have much shorter production schedules and much larger animation teams (in this case, about 90 animators) than traditionally animated films.[26] Since Clements and Musker were already working 12-hour days (and Saturdays) directing such a large team of animators, Don Hall and Chris Williams (who had just finished directing Big Hero 6) came on board as co-directors to help fix the film's story issues.[26] The scene in which Maui and Moana encounter the Kakamora is an intentional homage to Mad Max: Fury Road.[26]
Casting[]
After the filmmakers sat through auditions of hundreds of candidates from across the Pacific,[16] 14-year-old high school freshman Auliʻi Cravalho was cast as the lead character Moana.[31][32] At that point in time, the design of Moana's face and personality was already complete, and Cravalho's obvious physical resemblance to her character was simply a coincidence.[33] During animation production, Disney animators were able to integrate some of Cravalho's mannerisms into Moana's behavior as depicted onscreen.[33]
The majority of the film's cast members are of Polynesian descent: Auliʻi Cravalho (Moana) and Nicole Scherzinger (Sina, Moana's mother) were born in Hawaii and are of Native Hawaiian heritage; Dwayne Johnson (Maui), Oscar Kightley (Fisherman), and Troy Polamalu (Villager No. 1) are of Samoan heritage; and New Zealand-born Rachel House (Tala, Moana's grandmother), Temuera Morrison (Tui, Moana's father), and Jemaine Clement (Tamatoa) are of Māori heritage.
Animation[]
Moana is Clements and Musker's first fully computer-animated film.[16][34] One of the reasons for using computer animation was that the environment, including the ocean, benefited much more from the use of CGI as opposed to traditional animation.[35] The filmmakers have also suggested that three-dimensional computer animation is well-suited to the "beautiful sculpturing" of the faces of the people of the South Pacific.[36] Eric Goldberg worked on the hand-drawn animation used to depict Maui's sentient tattoos.[37][38] During early development, the filmmakers considered the possibility of making the film with hand-drawn traditional animation, but only a few early animation tests were made in that style. In the final cut, only Maui's tattoos are hand-drawn.[39]
Moana was produced in makeshift quarters in a giant warehouse in North Hollywood (together with Zootopia), while Disney Animation's headquarters building in Burbank was being renovated. Musker observed that Moana was similar in that respect to The Little Mermaid, which was produced in a warehouse in Glendale. Production wrapped on October 20, 2016.[40]
Music and soundtrack[]
The film's soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 18, 2016. The songs were written by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda, while the score was written by Mancina.[41][42] The lyrics are in English, Samoan, and the Tokelauan language.[43] The soundtrack peaked at number two on the Billboard 200.[44]
Localization[]
Moana was localized through Disney Character Voices International into 45 languages by its original theater release, to which 6 more languages were added in the following years.[45] In many European countries, the name of the titular character, Moana, was changed to Vaiana due to a trademark conflict. The film was released in those countries to bear the alternative name in the title.[46] In Italy, the film was released with the title Oceania:[47] media outlets speculated that the name change was to avoid confusion with Italian pornographic actress Moana Pozzi,[48][49] and Disney Italy's head of theatrical marketing, Davide Romani, acknowledged they were "thinking about the issue" at a meeting of Italian exhibitors in 2015.[49]
Following the success brought by international productions of Disney's Frozen, which led to the release of a complete set album which included all the official versions of "Let It Go" released at the time,[50] Disney decided to produce a special Tahitian dubbing for the movie. On October 25, 2016, at a press conference in Papeete, it was announced that the film will be the first motion picture to be fully dubbed in the Tahitian language.[51] This marks the second time Disney has released a special dubbing dedicated to the culture which inspired the film: the first case was The Lion King (1994), for which the directors travelled to South Africa to cast voice actors for a Zulu-dubbed version.[52] The Tahitian dubbing was made available in schools and institutions, but never for the public to purchase.[53]
In June 2017, a Māori-language dubbing of the movie was announced,[54] premiering in Auckland on September 11, with 30 theatres screening it for free as part of Māori Language Week.[55] Rachel House, Jemaine Clement, Temuera Morrison, and Oscar Kightley reprised their respective roles in this version, directed by Rachel House herself.[56][57] In contrast to the Tahitian dubbing, the Māori version was made available for purchase in New Zealand and the soundtrack was uploaded on Disney's official Vevo channel.[58][59]
In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be under way, with Auliʻi Cravalho reprising her role as Moana.[7] The movie premiered on June 10, 2018,[60] and, like the Tahitian version, it was later distributed for free in Hawaiian schools, but it was never released for sale on any home media form.[61]
"Moana" worldwide | ||
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Language | Title | Translation |
Arabic | موانا (Muwānā) | |
Bengali | মোয়ানা (Mōẏānā) | |
Bulgarian | Смелата Ваяна (Smelata Vayana) | Brave Vaiana |
Cantonese | 魔海奇緣 (Template:Lang-zh) | Romance of the magic ocean |
Catalan | Vaiana | |
Croatian | Vaiana: Potraga za mitskim otokom | Vaiana: quest for the mythical island |
Czech | Odvážná Vaiana: Legenda o konci světa | Brave Vaiana: The legend of the end of the world |
Danish | Vaiana | |
Dutch | Vaiana | |
English (continental Europe)[62][63][64][65] | Vaiana | |
Estonian | Vaiana | |
Finnish | Vaiana | |
Flemish | Vaiana | |
French (Canada) | Moana | |
French (Europe) | Vaiana, la Légende du bout du monde | Vaiana, the legend from the end of the Earth |
German | Vaiana – Das Paradies hat einen Haken | Vaiana – Paradise has a hook |
Greek | Βαϊάνα (Vaïána) | |
Hawaiian | Moana | |
Hebrew | מואנה (Moana) | |
Hindi | मोआना (Moaana) | |
Hungarian | Vaiana | |
Icelandic | Vaiana | |
Indonesian | Moana | |
Italian | Oceania | |
Japanese | モアナと伝説の海 (Moana to densetsu no umi) | Moana and the sea of legend |
Kazakh | Моана (Moana) | |
Korean | 모아나 (Moana) | |
Latvian | Vaiana | |
Lithuanian | Vaiana | |
Malaysian | Moana | |
Mandarin Chinese (China) | Template:Lang-zh | The romance of the ocean |
Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan) | Template:Lang-zh | The romance of the ocean |
Māori | Moana | |
Norwegian | Vaiana | |
Polish | Vaiana: Skarb oceanu | Vaiana: Treasure of the ocean |
Portuguese (Brazil) | Moana: Um mar de aventuras | Moana: A seaful of adventures |
Portuguese (Europe) | Vaiana | |
Romanian | Vaiana | |
Russian | Моана (Moana) | |
Serbian | Вајана (Vajana) | |
Slovak | Vaiana | |
Slovene | Vaiana | |
Spanish (Europe) | Vaiana | |
Spanish (Latin America) | Moana: Un mar de aventuras | Moana: A seaful of adventures |
Swedish | Vaiana | |
Tamil | மோனா (Mōṉā) | |
Tahitian | Moana | |
Thai | ผจญภัยตำนานหมู่เกาะทะเลใต้ (Pà-jon pai dtam-naan mòo gòr tá-lay dtâi) |
Adventure on the islands of the legendary southern sea |
Turkish | Moana | |
Ukrainian | Ваяна (Vayana) | |
Vietnamese | Hành trình của Moana | Moana's journey |
Release[]
On October 20, 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that it would be releasing the film in late 2016,[66] and hinted that it might be the November 23, 2016 release window previously announced by the studio in March 2014 for a then-untitled film.[67] In November 2014, Disney confirmed that it would be releasing the film on November 23, 2016.[68] The film is accompanied by the short film, Inner Workings.[69] The film's world premiere was held at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 14, 2016.[70]
On January 27, 2017, a sing-along version of Moana was released in more than 2,000 theaters in the United States, featuring on-screen lyrics.[71]
Marketing[]
On October 15, 2016, Hawaiian Airlines unveiled their Moana-themed livery for three of their Airbus A330-200 fleet.[72] Disney initiating a partnership with Hawaiian Airlines[73] to promote the film has been perceived as having the motive of fetishizing Polynesian island nations as exotic vacation spots, the people and culture of which exist only to entertain foreign audiences,[74] as well as Auliʻi Cravalho speaking with The New York Times in an interview sharing travel tips for visitors to Hawaii.[75] Critiques of these promotional tactics focus on how adverse effects of tourism have devastated native communities in the Pacific, resulting in environmental degradation and poverty.[76]
A Maui "skin suit" costume made to tie in with the film was pulled by Disney from its online store following complaints about it being culturally insensitive[77] and for appearing to promote brownface.[78]
There are currently meet-and-greets with Moana at Disneyland, Walt Disney World, Disneyland Paris, and at Aulani, a Disney Resort and Spa. Template:Clarify timeframe At Hong Kong Disneyland, there is a stage show called Moana's Village Festival, which opened in 2018.
Home media[]
Moana was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD in the United States on March 7, 2017, with a digital release on February 21, 2017. The releases include the short film Inner Workings. The Blu-ray release also introduces a short film featuring Maui and Moana titled Gone Fishing.[79] Moana was also released on the streaming service Disney+ on its launch date November 12, 2019.[80]
Reception[]
Box office[]
Moana grossed $248.7 million in the U.S. and Canada, and $442.1 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $690.8 million.[1] On January 22 and March 16, 2017, respectively, the film reached the $500 million and $600 million marks, becoming the fourth consecutive Walt Disney Animation Studios film to reach both milestones after Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), and Zootopia (2016).[81][82] Although Disney has not disclosed the film's production budget, most of its animated films cost around $150 million.[83][84] Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $121.3 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 12th-most profitable release of 2016.[2]
North America[]
In the United States, Moana was released during the Thanksgiving weekend. The film played in 3,875 theaters of which a majority of them (80%) screened it in 3D. It also played in 50 premium large-format screens and more than 400 D-Box screens. It was projected to take in around $50 million in three days, with $75–85 million in five days (some estimates going as high as $90 million).[85][86][87] Deadline.com said the numbers were good for the original Disney film and marked a great rebound for the company in the wake of Pixar's The Good Dinosaur the previous year, which had made $55 million over five days off a production budget of $175–200 million.[88]
Moana made $2.6 million from Tuesday paid previews which began at 7 pm, the highest ever for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film and for a non-Pixar Disney animated film.[89] On its opening day, it made $15.5 million, a new record for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film opening on Wednesday (breaking Frozen's record) and the biggest opening day ever for a film released on pre-Thanksgiving Day.[90] On Thanksgiving Day, it earned $9.9 million, a decrease of 36% from its previous day. On Black Friday—the highest-grossing day of the Thanksgiving stretch—it made $21.8 million, a 127% increase from the day before.[91] Through Sunday, the film posted a three-day opening weekend worth $56.6 million over its Friday-to-Sunday debut and $82.1 million from Wednesday to Sunday, the third biggest three-day Thanksgiving opening[92] (behind Frozen and Toy Story 2) and the second-biggest five-day Thanksgiving opening[93] (behind Frozen), dethroning Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them off the top spot. Among all films that did not necessarily open in this weekend but may have played, Moana ranks sixth among three-day[94] weekends and fifth among five-day weekends.[95]
The film's opening was considered to be another animated success for the studio after Zootopia and Pixar's Finding Dory posted huge openings, respectively, the same year in March and June.[96]
In its second weekend, the film dropped by about 50% for a total of $28.3 million, a smaller drop than Toy Story 2, Frozen, Tangled, and The Good Dinosaur.[97][98] The film managed to top the box office for its third weekend, despite competition from newcomers and holdovers, earning $18.5 million while falling by 34%. It became the sixth film of 2016 to top the box office three times, following Deadpool, Zootopia, The Jungle Book, Finding Dory, and Suicide Squad.[99] The film was overtaken by Disney's own Rogue One: A Star Wars Story in its fourth weekend, despite only a marginal decline.[100]
It fell to number six in its fifth weekend, due to competition from four new releases—Sing, Passengers, Why Him?, and Assassin's Creed—despite a small drop again; it grossed $2.9 million on Christmas Day.[101] On the holiday week of December 23–29, the film finished at number four with a gross of $26 million, which was 14% up from the previous week, despite losing over 300 theaters.[102] It finished at number four in its sixth weekend, going up 42% and 97%, respectively, during the three-day[103] and four-day weekends;[104] it grossed $3.6 million on New Year's Day.
It fell outside the top ten in its eighth weekend (which included Martin Luther King Jr. Day), dropping 33% and 4%, respectively, during the three-day[105] and four-day weekends.[106]
Outside North America[]
Internationally, the film earned $17.2 million in its first weekend from 12 markets, the bulk of which came from China. In its second weekend, the film expanded to a total of 30 markets, adding an additional $33.7 million.[107]
In China, the film had a November 25 opening day[108] with $1.9 million from 38,000 screenings. However, it enjoyed a big weekend bump on Saturday—even though its screens dipped—and Sunday.[109] In total, it scored an opening weekend of $12.3 million, the second best for a Disney animated title, behind only Zootopia. It was No. 2 behind Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Strong social media numbers showed among the highest the studio has seen there, similar to how Zootopia started off slow and later became a blockbuster phenomenon.[110] The film slipped 55% in its second weekend, earning $5.8 million, and $21.8 in total in China.[111] It would eventually earn a total of $32.7 million in China.[108]
It had similar successful number-one debuts in France, Russia, Mexico and Spain. The film also saw success in Belgium, the Netherlands and French-speaking Switzerland.[107] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the film faced competition from Fantastic Beasts—which was playing in its third weekend—and as a result, it posted a low opening of only £2.2 million ($2.8 million).[112]
The biggest earning markets to date have been Japan ($45.9 million), followed by France ($35.5 million), China ($32.8 million), the UK ($25.3 million), Brazil ($22.9 million), Australia ($19 million), Germany ($17 million), Italy ($15.9 million), and South Korea ($15.5 million).[113]
Critical response[]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Moana holds an approval rating of 95% based on 279 reviews, and an average rating of 7.88/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With a title character as three-dimensional as its lush animation and a story that adds fresh depth to Disney's time-tested formula, Moana is truly a family-friendly adventure for the ages."[114] Subsequently, the film is also listed as number 11 on the website's "75 Best Computer Animated Movies" list.[115] On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[116] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on a scale ranging from A+ to F, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave an 89% overall positive score and a 71% "definite recommend".[89]
Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal proclaimed that "Moana is beautiful in more ways than I can tell, thanks to the brilliance of more animators than I could count."[117] Animator Eric Goldberg received praise from critics and audiences for his hand-drawn animation of Maui's tattoos, which they claimed "stole the show" from the actual CGI-animated motion picture.[118][119][120] Wai Chee Dimock, writing in the Los Angeles Review of Books, compared the ocean in Moana to the one in "The Water Baby", a short story by Jack London, saying that both are animated: one, by the tension between digital and analog animation, and the other, by the tension between an encroaching future and a past in retreat still capable of pushing back.[121]
Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars, stating "...its dazzling visuals, catchy tunes, enjoyable performances, clever running gags and overall sense of fun. It’s all there, and—except for a few scary moments—it’ll delight viewers of all ages."[122] Peter Debruge of Variety praised the film, calling it "a return to the heights of the Disney Renaissance".[123]
Accolades[]
Legacy[]
Due to the success of the film, Moana was officially added to the Disney Princess franchise and was the 12th addition to the lineup.[124]
Moana is a meetable character at most Disney Parks and is located in Adventureland. She is occasionally joined by Maui.[125]
See also[]
- List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films
- Polynesians
- Austronesian peoples
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Moana (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fleming Jr, Mike (March 24, 2017). "No. 12 'Moana' Box Office Profits – 2016 Most Valuable Movie Blockbuster Tournament". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
- ↑ Rubin, Rebecca (November 1, 2018). "Thanksgiving Box Office: 'Ralph Breaks the Internet' Battles 'Creed II,' 'Robin Hood'". Variety. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
- ↑ "Vaiana and Moana: a story of two Disney heroines". Novagraaf.
- ↑ Saunders, Tristram Fane (November 16, 2016). "Disney renamed its new film Moana 'to avoid confusion with porn star'" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ↑ "Oscar Nominations: Complete List". Variety. Los Angeles: Variety Media. January 24, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Auli'i on Instagram: 'Aloha nui kākou! Eia nō hoʻi au ʻo Auliʻi Cravalho ma Nuioka nei. A piha ʻeu ka hauʻoli i ka hana hou ʻia ʻana ʻo Moana... a i kēia…'". Instagram.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Moana / Hawaiian cast". CHARGUIGOU. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Speak Māori (June 8, 2017). "Te Reo Māori Moana Casting" – via YouTube.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Moana / Te reo Māori cast". CHARGUIGOU. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
- ↑ "Nicole Scherzinger on Instagram: 'I'm over the moon to announce I'll be joining @auliicravalho again for @disneyanimation's MOANA!!! This time the entire film in ʻōlelo...'". Instagram. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
- ↑ Connelly, Brendon (April 6, 2013). "What Disney's Film of Terry Pratchett's Mort Might Have Looked Like... And A Preview of Things To Come". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
- ↑ Miller, Bruce (August 24, 2013). "Sioux City native Ron Clements preps new film for Disney studio". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
- ↑ Ron Clements and John Musker (November 23, 2016). "The Irascible Ron Clements and John Musker Talk 'Moana'" (Interview). Interviewed by Dan Sarto. Animation World Network. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Giardina, Caroline (November 25, 2016). "'Moana' Directors Reveal How the Story Changed". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Deitchman, Beth (Spring 2016). "Finding Her Way: Directors John Musker and Ron Clements Have Charted A Course For Their New Film, Moana, Which Sails Into Theatres In November 2016". Disney twenty-three. Burbank: Walt Disney Company. 8 (1): 32–33. ISSN 2162-5492. OCLC 698366817.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Robinson, Joanna (November 16, 2016). "How Pacific Islanders Helped Disney's Moana Find Its Way". Vanity Fair. New York: Condé Nast. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Chang, David A. (2016). "Looking Out From Hawai'i's Shore: The Exploration of the World is the Inheritance of Native Hawaiians". The World and All the Things Upon It: Native Hawaiian Geographies of Exploration. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 1–32.
- ↑ Julius, Jessica; Malone, Maggie (2016). The Art of Moana. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. p. 10. ISBN 9781452158976.
- ↑ Ito, Robert (November 15, 2016). "How (and Why) Maui Got So Big in 'Moana'". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ↑ "Meet Disney's New (And First Polynesian) Princess!". US Weekly. August 20, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
- ↑ "Taika Waititi behind Disney script 'Moana'". The New Zealand Herald. October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Hunt, Elle (March 20, 2017). "Taika Waititi on shaking up Thor and being a Hollywood outsider: 'They take this stuff so seriously'". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Giroux, Jack (November 23, 2016). "Interview: 'Moana' Directors John Musker and Ron Clements on Making Their First CG Movie" (Interview). /Film. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- ↑ Ron Clements and John Musker (November 27, 2016). Moana: Ron Clements & John Musker Official Movie Premiere Interview (Video). YouTube. ScreenSlam. Event occurs at 4:50.
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- ↑ Ron Clements and John Musker (2016). Moana: Audio Commentary. Disney. Event occurs at 3:00.
- ↑ B.G. Biggs, 'Maori Myths and Traditions' in A. H. McLintock (editor), Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 3 Volumes. (Government Printer: Wellington), 1966, II:447–454.
- ↑ Alpers, Anthony (1964). Maori Myths and Tribal Legends. Auckland: Longman Paul. p. 70. ISBN 0-582-71674-8.
- ↑ V, Billy. "Hawaii brothers write for Disney's 'Moana'". Hawaii News Now. Raycom Media. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
- ↑ Rice, Lynette (October 7, 2015). "Meet the Next Disney Princess – and Get a First Look at Her Movie, Moana!". People. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ "Meet the Voice of Disney's New Princess, Moana". comingsoon.net. October 7, 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Williams, Angela. "14 Things to Know About Disney's 'Moana' Before You See It". New York: ABC News. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
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- ↑ Kanai, Maria (October 13, 2015). "5 Things You Should Know About Disney's Moana Starring Auli'i Cravalho and Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson". Honolulu Magazine. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ↑ Dell, Brad (October 15, 2015). "'Moana': a look into Disney's upcoming Polynesian voyage". Ka Leo. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ↑ Madison, Charles (March 1, 2015). "Concept art of Maui, Dwayne Johnson's character in Disney's Moana". filmdivider.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ Siegemund-Broka, Austin (June 16, 2015). "Veteran Animator Eric Goldberg Joins USC Film School Faculty". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ Busch, Jenna. "D23: Interview with Moana's Dwayne Johnson and the Filmmakers". Welcome to the Legion!. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
- ↑ Snetiker, Marc (November 24, 2016). "Moana directors Ron Clements, John Musker talk four decades Disney movies". Entertainment Weekly. New York: Time Inc. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ↑ Breznican, Anthony (August 14, 2015). "Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson makes surprise appearance for Disney's 'Moana': 'This is my heritage'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ "Disney's 'Moana' Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Available Today" (Press release). PR Newswire. November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ↑ "Tokelau Pride: Te Vaka's song for Disney's Princess Moana" (Press release). Government of Tokelau Bulletin. August 24, 2015. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
- ↑ Caulfield, Keith (January 9, 2017). "The Weeknd Returns to No. 1 on Billboard 200, 'Moana' Soundtrack Zooms to No. 2". Billboard. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
- ↑ "Moana / Vaiana". CHARGUIGOU (in French). Retrieved June 2, 2020.
- ↑ "La princesa Moana en España se llamará Vaiana (y otros problemas de branding)" [Princess Moana in Spain will be called Vaiana (and other branding problems)] (in Spanish). Verne (El País). October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
- ↑ "In Italia il nuovo film Disney si intitolerà Oceania e non Moana" [In Italy, the new Disney movie will be titled Oceania and not Moana]. Il Post (in Italian). December 3, 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
- ↑ Martinelli, Marissa (November 18, 2016). "Disney Had to Change Moana's Title in Italy to Avoid Being Confused With a Porn Star". Slate. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 Vivarelli, Nick (November 18, 2016). "Disney Changes Moana Title in Italy, Where It Has Porn Star Connotations". Variety. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
- ↑ "Let It Go The Complete Set" – via Amazon.
- ↑ "Moana to be first Disney film translated into Tahitian language". Entertainment Weekly. October 25, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
- ↑ "The Lion King / Zulu cast". CHARGUIGOU (in French). Retrieved December 2, 2019.
- ↑ "Moana en reo Tahiti • TNTV Tahiti Nui Télévision". TNTV Tahiti Nui Télévision (in French). June 5, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ↑ "Casting". www.adrenalingroup.com. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
- ↑ Haunui-Thompson, Shannon. "Moana in Māori hits the big screen". Radio New Zealand. Radio New Zealand. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- ↑ "Moana / English cast". Charguigou. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
- ↑ Te Reo Māori Moana Casting, Speak Māori, June 8, 2017, retrieved June 27, 2017
- ↑ "DVD Moana Reo Maori by NZ Lifestyle - Shop Online for Movies, DVDs in New Zealand". www.fishpond.co.nz. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ↑ "Moana (Te Hopukanga Puoro O Te Kiriata Taketake) - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ↑ "Disney's Moana to make World Premiere in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi at Ko Olina's World Oceans Day, June 10". Ko Olina. May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018. (press release).
- ↑ News, U. H. "Disney's Moana in Olelo Hawaii to be available to schools across the state | University of Hawaiʻi System News". Retrieved April 1, 2020.
- ↑ Vaiana – Officiële Ondertitelde Trailer – Disney BE, Disney België, September 15, 2016, retrieved July 25, 2019
- ↑ Disney Vaiana – Trailer (NL ondertiteld), Disney NL, October 12, 2016, retrieved July 25, 2019
- ↑ VAIANA – trailer – Disney, Disney Norge, September 19, 2016, retrieved July 25, 2019
- ↑ Vaiana – Officiell trailer, Disney Sverige, June 13, 2016, retrieved July 25, 2019
- ↑ "Walt Disney Animation Studios Announces 2016 Release, Moana". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline. October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Disney Animation Unveils 'Moana' From 'Little Mermaid' Filmmakers For November 2016". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
- ↑ Yamato, Jen (November 10, 2014). "Disney Dates 2016 Animated Pics 'Zootopia' & 'Moana'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ↑ Evry, Max (April 22, 2016). "Moana Footage & Inner Workings Coming to Annecy Fest". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
- ↑ Flores, Terry (November 15, 2016). "'Moana' Premiere: Hollywood Transforms Into Ocean of Stars". Variety. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ↑ "Disney Says 'You're Welcome': 'Moana' Sing-Along Coming To Theaters Nationwide". /Film. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- ↑ "Hawaiian Airlines unveils 'Moana' plane". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. October 15, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
- ↑ Murar, Katie (November 2, 2016). "Hawaiian Airlines–Disney partnership first of its kind". Pacific Business News.
- ↑ Constante, Agnes (November 18, 2016). "Critics Accuse Disney of 'Cultural Theft' ahead of 'Moana' Release". NBC News.
- ↑ Daniel, Diane (November 17, 2016). "What to See in Hawaii? Ask Auli'i Cravalho of Disney's 'Moana'". The New York Times.
- ↑ Grandinetti, Tina (January 12, 2017). "Moana might be great for representation but it's not all heartwarming for Hawaii". The Guardian.
- ↑ "Disney has pulled its controversial Moana costume after consumer complaints". Chip and Co. September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ↑ "Disney accused of 'brownface' over Moana costume". BBC News.
- ↑ Wolfe, Jennifer (January 13, 2017). "'Moana' Sails Home on Digital HD February 21 and Blu-ray March 7". Animation World Network. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
- ↑ Alexander, Julia (October 14, 2019). "Disney+ launch lineup: Every movie and TV show available to stream on day one". The Verge. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
- ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (January 22, 2017). "'Rogue One' Blasts Past $1B at Global Box Office; 'Moana' Sails To $500M+". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ↑ McNary, Dave (March 16, 2017). "Disney's 'Moana' Sails to $600 Million at Worldwide Box Office". Variety. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
- ↑ Thompson, Adam (December 8, 2016). "Disney Needed a Brainless Rooster for 'Moana,' So It Called Alan Tudyk". The Wall Street Journal. New York: The Dow Jones Company. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
Disney won't disclose the budget of Moana, but major animated films typically run upward of $150 million.
- ↑ Lang, Brent (November 21, 2016). "Thanksgiving Box Office: Disney's 'Moana' to Feast on Brad Pitt's 'Allied,' 'Bad Santa 2'". Variety. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Disney didn't release a budget, but most of the studio's animated films cost north of $150 million.
- ↑ Doty, Meriah (November 21, 2016). "'Moana' to Ride Big Box Office Wave With $75 Million-Plus". The Wrap. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
- ↑ McClintock, Pamela (November 21, 2016). "Holiday Box Office: Disney to Dominate, Can Awards Contenders Escape the Arthouse?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
- ↑ Brevet, Brad (November 22, 2016). "'Moana' Sets Sights on $80+ Million 5-Day Thanksgiving Debut". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 21, 2016). "Will 'Moana' Slay 'Fantastic Beasts' Over The Thanksgiving Stretch?". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 23, 2016). "'Moana' & 'Fantastic Beasts' Owning Thanksgiving Stretch – Midday B.O. Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 24, 2016). "Can 'Moana' Melt 'Frozen's $93.6M Thanksgiving 5-Day Record? – Early AM Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 26, 2016). "'Moana' Rings Up $22.5M on Black Friday As She Cruises Toward Disney's 2nd Best Thanksgiving Debut – Late Night B.O." Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
- ↑ "Biggest 3-day Thanksgiving Openings at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ "Biggest 5-day Thanksgiving Openings at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ "Biggest 3-day Thanksgiving Weekends at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ "Biggest 5-day Thanksgiving Weekends at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 27, 2016). "'Moana' Slots 2nd Best Thanksgiving Debut; 'Allied's Fight; 'Rules' The Worst Turkey Since 'Victor Frankenstein'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 4, 2016). "'Moana' Keeps Fire Going in Chilly December Weekend; 'Manchester' & 'Jackie' Bask in Awards Season Rays". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ↑ Brevet, Brad (December 4, 2016). "'Moana' Repeats at No. 1, Topping Slow Post-Thanksgiving Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ↑ Brevet, Brad (December 11, 2016). "'Moana' Threepeats at No. 1, 'La La Land' Opens Big in Limited Release". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- ↑ Brevet, Brad (December 18, 2016). "'Star Wars: Rogue One' Debuts With Over $290 Million Worldwide, 'Collateral Beauty' Struggles". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 27, 2016). "'Rogue One' & 'Sing' Christmas Juggernaut Leaves Room For Specialty Films – Final Weekend Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
- ↑ "Moana (2016) – Weekly Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
- ↑ "December 30 – January 1, 2017". Box Office Mojo. January 2, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- ↑ "December 30 – January 2, 2017". Box Office Mojo. January 2, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- ↑ "January 13–15, 2017". Box Office Mojo. January 15, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ↑ "January 13–16, 2017". Box Office Mojo. January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ↑ 107.0 107.1 Tartaglione, Nancy (December 6, 2016). "'Fantastic Beasts' Bests $600M WW; 'Moana' Mints $180M; 'Doctor Strange' Ices 'Deadpool', 'Iron Man 2' – Intl Box Office". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
- ↑ 108.0 108.1 "China Box Office for Moana (2016)". The Numbers. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Frater, Patrick (November 28, 2016). "China Box Office: 'Fantastic Beasts' Enjoys $40 Million Opening". Variety. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (November 27, 2016). "'Fantastic Beasts' Climbs To $474M Global; 'Moana' Catches $16.3M Offshore Wave – Intl Box Office". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ Amidi, Amid (December 4, 2016). "Chinese Embrace Makoto Shinkai's 'Your Name,' Reject 'Moana'". Cartoon Brew.
- ↑ Gant, Charles (December 6, 2016). "Moana and Sully bobbing in the wake of Fantastic Beasts at UK box office". The Guardian. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
- ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (January 15, 2017). "'Rogue One' Rises To $980M Global; 'Passengers' Takes Over Offshore No. 1 – International Box Office". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ↑ "Moana (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ↑ "75 Best Computer Animated Movies". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Moana Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
- ↑ Morgenstern, Joe (November 23, 2016). "'Moana' Review: The Waves Part". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
- ↑ Brayson, Johnny (November 23, 2016). "'Moana' In 3D & 2D Both Offer Something Special for the Viewer". Bustle. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Monahan, Kaely (November 23, 2016). "Disney mixes classic animation, computers to create captivating 'Moana'". KTAR News. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ McDonnell, Brandy (November 23, 2016). "Movie review: 'Moana'". NewsOK. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Animating the Ocean". Los Angeles Review of Books. February 3, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Lemire, Christy (November 22, 2016). "Moana Movie Review & Film Summary". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
- ↑ Debruge, Peter (November 7, 2016). "Film Review: 'Moana'". Variety. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
- ↑ http://www.disneyprincess.com/
- ↑ https://www.hongkongdisneyland.com/entertainment/character-meet-moana/#
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