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2024

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March 30 is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 276 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

  • 598Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro-Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.
  • 1282 – The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin king Charles I, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.[1]
  • 1296Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England.[2]
  • 1699Guru Gobind Singh establishes the Khalsa in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab.[3]
  • 1815Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation which would later inspire Italian unification.
  • 1818 – Physicist Augustin Fresnel reads a memoir on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a Fresnel rhomb, its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid.[4]
  • 1822 – The Florida Territory is created in the United States.
  • 1841 – The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.
  • 1842Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long.
  • 1844 – One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.
  • 1855Origins of the American Civil War: "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.
  • 1856 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
  • 1861Discovery of the chemical elements: Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of thallium.
  • 1863 – Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.
  • 1867 – Alaska is purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, about 2-cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward.
  • 1870Texas is readmitted to the United States Congress following Reconstruction.
  • 1885 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident which nearly gives rise to war between the Russian and British Empire.
  • 1899 – German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the International Committee on Atomic Weights.
  • 1912Sultan Abd al-Hafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate.
  • 1918 – Outburst of bloody March Events in Baku and other locations of Baku Governorate.
  • 1939 – The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph (745 km/h).
  • 1940Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Jingwei.
  • 1944 – World War II: Allied bombers conduct their most severe bombing run on Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • 1944 – Out of 795 Lancasters, Halifaxes and Mosquitos sent to attack Nuremberg, 95 bombers do not return, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command loss of the war.
  • 1945 – World War II: Soviet forces invade Austria and capture Vienna; Polish and Soviet forces liberate Danzig.
  • 1949Cold War: A riot breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík, when Iceland joins NATO.
  • 1959Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, flees Tibet for India.
  • 1961 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed in New York City.
  • 1965Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the United States Embassy, Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
  • 1972 – Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.
  • 1976Israeli-Palestinian conflict: in the first organized response against Israeli policies by a Palestinian collective since 1948, Palestinians create the first Land Day.[5]
  • 1979Airey Neave, a British Member of Parliament, is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster. The Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.
  • 1981 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by John Hinckley, Jr.; three others are wounded in the same incident.
  • 1982Space Shuttle program: STS-3 mission is completed with the landing of Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.
  • 20022002 Lyon car attack takes place.[6][7][8][9]
  • 2009 – Twelve gunmen attack the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore, Pakistan.
  • 2017SpaceX conducts the world's first reflight of an orbital class rocket.[10][11]

Births[]

  • 892Shi Jingtang, founder of the Later Jin Dynasty (d. 942)
  • 1135Maimonides, Spanish rabbi and philosopher (April 6 also proposed, d. 1204)
  • 1326Ivan II of Moscow (d. 1359)
  • 1432Mehmed the Conqueror, Ottoman sultan (d. 1481)
  • 1510Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566)
  • 1551Salomon Schweigger, German theologian (d. 1622)
  • 1606Vincentio Reinieri, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1647)
  • 1632John Proctor, farmer hanged for witchcraft in the Salem witch trials (d. 1692)
  • 1640John Trenchard, English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (d. 1695)
  • 1727Tommaso Traetta, Italian composer and educator (d. 1779)
  • 1746Francisco Goya, Spanish-French painter and sculptor (d. 1828)
  • 1750John Stafford Smith, English organist and composer (d. 1836)
  • 1793Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentinian soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (d. 1877)
  • 1805Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, German-Swedish linguist and botanist (d. 1887)
  • 1811Robert Bunsen, German chemist and academic (d. 1899)
  • 1820Anna Sewell, English author (d. 1878)
  • 1820 – James Whyte, Scottish-Australian politician, 6th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1882)[12]
  • 1844Paul Verlaine, French poet (d. 1896)
  • 1853Vincent van Gogh, Dutch-French painter and illustrator (d. 1890)
  • 1853Arnoldo Sartorio, German composer, pianist, and teacher (d. 1936)
  • 1857Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer (d. 1926)
  • 1858Siegfried Alkan, German composer (d. 1941)
  • 1863Mary Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1930)
  • 1864Franz Oppenheimer, German-American sociologist and economist (d. 1943)
  • 1874Charles Lightoller, English 2nd officer on the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)
  • 1874 – Josiah McCracken, American hammer thrower, shot putter, and football player (d. 1962)
  • 1874 – Nicolae Rădescu, Romanian general and politician, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953)
  • 1875Thomas Xenakis, Greek-American gymnast (d. 1942)
  • 1879Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (d. 1954)
  • 1880Seán O'Casey, Irish dramatist, playwright, and memoirist (d. 1964)
  • 1882Melanie Klein, Jewish Austrian-English psychologist and author (d. 1960)
  • 1888J. R. Williams, Canadian-born cartoonist (d. 1957)
  • 1891Chunseong, Korean monk, writer and philosopher (d. 1977)
  • 1892Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1945)
  • 1892 – Fortunato Depero, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1960)
  • 1892 – Erhard Milch, German field marshal (d. 1972)
  • 1892 – Johannes Pääsuke, Estonian photographer and director (d. 1918)
  • 1892 – Erwin Panofsky, German historian and academic (d. 1968)
  • 1894Tommy Green, English race walker (d. 1975)
  • 1894 – Sergey Ilyushin, Russian engineer, founded Ilyushin Aircraft Company (d. 1977)
  • 1895Jean Giono, French author and poet (d. 1970)
  • 1895 – Carl Lutz, Swiss vice-consul to Hungary during WWII, credited with saving over 62,000 Jews (d. 1975)
  • 1895 – Charlie Wilson, English footballer (d. 1971)
  • 1899Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Indian author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1970)
  • 1902Brooke Astor, American socialite and philanthropist (d. 2007)
  • 1902 – Ted Heath, English trombonist and composer (d. 1969)
  • 1903Joy Ridderhof, American missionary (d. 1984)
  • 1904Ripper Collins, American baseball player and coach (d. 1970)
  • 1905Archie Birkin, English motorcycle racer (d. 1927)
  • 1905 – Mikio Oda, Japanese triple jumper and academic (d. 1998)
  • 1905 – Albert Pierrepoint, English hangman (d. 1992)
  • 1907Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German general (d. 1994)
  • 1910Józef Marcinkiewicz, Polish soldier, mathematician, and academic (d. 1940)
  • 1911Ekrem Akurgal, Turkish archaeologist and academic (d. 2002)
  • 1912Jack Cowie, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1994)
  • 1912 – Alvin Hamilton, Canadian lieutenant and politician, 18th Canadian Minister of Agriculture (d. 2004)
  • 1913Marc Davis, American animator (d. 2000)
  • 1913 – Richard Helms, American soldier and diplomat, 8th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 2002)
  • 1913 – Frankie Laine, American singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
  • 1913 – Ċensu Tabone, Maltese general, physician, and politician, 4th President of Malta (d. 2012)
  • 1914Sonny Boy Williamson I, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (d. 1948)
  • 1915Pietro Ingrao, Italian journalist and politician (d. 2015)
  • 1917Els Aarne, Ukrainian-Estonian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1995)
  • 1919McGeorge Bundy, American intelligence officer and diplomat, 6th United States National Security Advisor (d. 1996)
  • 1919 – Robin Williams, New Zealand mathematician, university administrator and public servant (d. 2013)
  • 1921André Fontaine, French historian and journalist (d. 2013)
  • 1922Turhan Bey, American actor (d. 2012)
  • 1922 – Arthur Wightman, American physicist and academic (d. 2013)
  • 1923Milton Acorn, Canadian poet and playwright (d. 1986)
  • 1926Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish businessman, founded IKEA (d. 2018)
  • 1927Wally Grout, Australian cricketer (d. 1968)
  • 1928Robert Badinter, French lawyer and politician, French Minister of Justice
  • 1928 – Colin Egar, Australian cricket umpire (d. 2008)
  • 1928 – Tom Sharpe, English-Spanish author and educator (d. 2013)
  • 1929Richard Dysart, American actor (d. 2015)
  • 1929 – Ray Musto, American soldier and politician (d. 2014)
  • 1929 – István Rózsavölgyi, Hungarian runner (d. 2012)
  • 1930John Astin, American actor
  • 1930 – Rolf Harris, Australian singer-songwriter
  • 1933Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (d. 2007)
  • 1934Paul Crouch, American broadcaster, co-founded the Trinity Broadcasting Network (d. 2013)
  • 1934 – Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and academic, designed Haas House (d. 2014)
  • 1935Karl Berger, German pianist and composer
  • 1935 – Willie Galimore, American football player (d. 1964)
  • 1935 – Gordon Mumma, American composer
  • 1937Warren Beatty, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1937 – Ian MacLaurin, Baron MacLaurin of Knebworth, English businessman
  • 1938John Barnhill, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
  • 1938 – Klaus Schwab, German economist and engineer, founded the World Economic Forum
  • 1940Norman Gifford, English cricketer
  • 1940 – Jerry Lucas, American basketball player and educator
  • 1940 – Hans Ragnemalm, Swedish lawyer and judge (d. 2016)
  • 1941Graeme Edge, English singer-songwriter and drummer
  • 1941 – Ron Johnston, English geographer and academic
  • 1941 – Wasim Sajjad, Pakistani lawyer and politician, President of Pakistan
  • 1941 – Bob Smith, American soldier and politician
  • 1942Ruben Kun, Nauruan lawyer and politician, 14th President of Nauru (d. 2014)
  • 1942 – Tane Norton, New Zealand rugby player
  • 1942 – Kenneth Welsh, Canadian actor
  • 1943Jay Traynor, American pop and doo-wop singer (d. 2014)
  • 1944Mark Wylea Erwin, American businessman and diplomat
  • 1944 – Brian Wilshire, Australian radio host
  • 1945Eric Clapton, English guitarist and singer-songwriter
  • 1947Dick Roche, Irish politician, Minister of State for European Affairs
  • 1947 – Terje Venaas, Norwegian bassist
  • 1948Nigel Jones, Baron Jones of Cheltenham, English computer programmer and politician
  • 1948 – Eddie Jordan, Irish racing driver and team owner, founded Jordan Grand Prix
  • 1948 – Mervyn King, English economist and academic
  • 1948 – Jim "Dandy" Mangrum, American rock singer
  • 1949Liza Frulla, Canadian talk show host and politician, 3rd Minister of Canadian Heritage
  • 1949 – Dana Gillespie, English singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1949 – Naomi Sims, American model and author (d. 2009)
  • 1950Janet Browne, English-American historian and academic
  • 1950 – Robbie Coltrane, Scottish actor
  • 1950 – Grady Little, American baseball player, coach, and manager
  • 1950 – Warren Snowdon, Australian educator and politician, 39th Australian Minister for Veterans' Affairs
  • 1951Paul Da Vinci, English singer-songwriter
  • 1952Stuart Dryburgh, English-New Zealand cinematographer
  • 1952 – Peter Knights, Australian footballer and coach
  • 1955Randy VanWarmer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2004)
  • 1956Bill Butler, Scottish educator and politician
  • 1956 – Juanito Oiarzabal, Spanish mountaineer
  • 1956 – Shahla Sherkat, Iranian journalist and author
  • 1957Marie-Christine Koundja, Chadian author and diplomat[13]
  • 1957 – Paul Reiser, American actor and comedian
  • 1958Maurice LaMarche, Canadian voice actor and stand-up comedian
  • 1958 – Joey Sindelar, American golfer
  • 1959Martina Cole, English television host and author
  • 1960Laurie Graham, Canadian skier
  • 1960 – Bill Johnson, American skier (d. 2016)
  • 1961Mike Thackwell, New Zealand racing driver
  • 1961 – Doug Wickenheiser, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 1999)
  • 1962Mark Begich, American politician
  • 1962 – MC Hammer, American rapper and actor
  • 1962 – Gary Stevens, English international footballer, defender and manager[14]
  • 1963Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Mongolian journalist and politician, 4th President of Mongolia
  • 1963 – Eli-Eri Moura, Brazilian composer and conductor
  • 1963 – Panagiotis Tsalouchidis, Greek footballer
  • 1964Vlado Bozinovski, Macedonian-Australian footballer and manager
  • 1964 – Tracy Chapman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1965Piers Morgan, English journalist and talk show host
  • 1966Efstratios Grivas, Greek chess player and author
  • 1966 – Dmitry Volkov, Russian swimmer
  • 1966 – Leonid Voloshin, Russian triple jumper
  • 1967Christopher Bowman, American figure skater and coach (d. 2008)
  • 1967 – Richard Hutten, Dutch furniture designer
  • 1967 – Julie Richardson, New Zealand tennis player
  • 1968Celine Dion, Canadian singer-songwriter[15]
  • 1969Troy Bayliss, Australian motorcycle racer
  • 1970Tobias Hill, English poet and author
  • 1970 – Sylvain Charlebois, Canadian food/agriculture researcher and author
  • 1971Mari Holden, American cyclist[16]
  • 1971 – Mark Consuelos, American actor and television personality
  • 1972Mili Avital, Israeli-American actress
  • 1972 – Emerson Thome, Brazilian footballer and scout
  • 1972 – Karel Poborský, Czech footballer
  • 1973Adam Goldstein, American keyboard player, DJ, and producer (d. 2009)
  • 1973 – Jan Koller, Czech footballer
  • 1973 – Kareem Streete-Thompson, Caymanian-American long jumper
  • 1974Martin Love, Australian cricketer
  • 1975Paul Griffen, New Zealand-Italian rugby player
  • 1976Ty Conklin, American ice hockey player
  • 1976 – Obadele Thompson, Barbadian sprinter
  • 1976 – Troels Lund Poulsen, Danish politician, Minister for Education of Denmark
  • 1977Abhishek Chaubey, Indian director and screenwriter
  • 1978Paweł Czapiewski, Polish runner
  • 1978 – Chris Paterson, Scottish rugby player and coach
  • 1978 – Bok van Blerk, South African singer-songwriter and actor
  • 1979Norah Jones, American singer-songwriter and pianist
  • 1979 – Anatoliy Tymoshchuk, Ukrainian footballer
  • 1980Ricardo Osorio, Mexican footballer
  • 1981Jammal Brown, American football player
  • 1981 – Andrea Masi, Italian rugby player[17]
  • 1982Mark Hudson, English footballer
  • 1982 – Philippe Mexès, French footballer
  • 1982 – Javier Portillo, Spanish footballer
  • 1982 – Jason Dohring, American actor
  • 1983Jérémie Aliadière, French footballer
  • 1984Mario Ančić, Croatian tennis player
  • 1984 – Samantha Stosur, Australian tennis player
  • 1985Giacomo Ricci, Italian racing driver
  • 1986Sergio Ramos, Spanish footballer
  • 1987Trent Barreta, American wrestler
  • 1987 – Calum Elliot, Scottish footballer
  • 1987 – Kwok Kin Pong, Hong Kong footballer
  • 1987 – Marc-Édouard Vlasic, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1988Will Matthews, Australian rugby league player
  • 1988 – Thanasis Papazoglou, Greek footballer
  • 1988 – Richard Sherman, American football player
  • 1988 – Larisa Yurkiw, Canadian alpine skier
  • 1989Chris Sale, American baseball player
  • 1989 – João Sousa, Portuguese tennis player[18]
  • 1990Thomas Rhett, American country music singer and songwriter[19]
  • 1990 – Michal Březina, Czech figure skater
  • 1992Palak Muchhal, Indian playback singer
  • 1993Anitta, Brazilian singer and entertainer
  • 1994Jetro Willems, Dutch footballer[20]
  • 1997Cha Eun-woo, South Korean singer and actor, A member of the South Korean boy band, Astro
  • 1998Kalyn Ponga, Australian rugby league player[21]
  • 2000Colton Herta, American race car driver[22]

Deaths[]

  • 116Quirinus of Neuss, Roman martyr and saint
  • 365Ai of Jin, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 341)
  • 943Li Bian, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 889)
  • 987Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (b. 960)
  • 1180Al-Mustadi, Caliph (b. 1142)
  • 1202Joachim of Fiore, Italian mystic and theologian (b. 1135)
  • 1465Isabella of Clermont, queen consort of Naples (b. c. 1424)
  • 1472Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (b. 1435)
  • 1486Thomas Bourchier, English cardinal (b. 1404)
  • 1526Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471)
  • 1540Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg, German cardinal (b. 1469)
  • 1559Adam Ries, German mathematician and academic (b. 1492)
  • 1587Ralph Sadler, English politician, Secretary of State for England (b. 1507)
  • 1662François le Métel de Boisrobert, French poet and playwright (b. 1592)
  • 1689Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish atheist and philosopher (b. 1634)
  • 1707Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French general and engineer (b. 1633)
  • 1764Pietro Locatelli, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1695)
  • 1783William Hunter, Scottish anatomist and physician (b. 1718)
  • 1804Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, French general and politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1718)
  • 1806Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1757)
  • 1830Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1763)
  • 1840Beau Brummell, English-French fashion designer (b. 1778)
  • 1842Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, French painter (b. 1755)
  • 1864Louis Schindelmeisser, German clarinet player, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)
  • 1873Bénédict Morel, Austrian-French psychiatrist and physician (b. 1809)
  • 1879Thomas Couture, French painter and educator (b. 1815)
  • 1886Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, Canadian judge and politician, 6th Premier of Quebec (b. 1838)
  • 1896Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek politician, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1832)
  • 1912Karl May, German author (b. 1842)
  • 1925Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher and author (b. 1861)
  • 1935Romanos Melikian, Armenian composer (b. 1883)
  • 1936Conchita Supervía, Spanish soprano and actress (b. 1895)
  • 1940Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet Scottish soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland (b. 1876)
  • 1943Jan Bytnar, Polish lieutenant; WWII resistance fighter (b. 1921)
  • 1943 – Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski, Polish sergeant; WWII resistance fighter (b. 1920)
  • 1945Béla Balogh, Hungarian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1885)
  • 1949Friedrich Bergius, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1884)
  • 1949 – Dattaram Hindlekar, Indian cricketer (b. 1909)
  • 1950Léon Blum, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872)
  • 1952Jigme Wangchuck, Bhutanese king (b. 1905)
  • 1955Harl McDonald, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1899)
  • 1956Edmund Clerihew Bentley, English author and poet (b. 1875)
  • 1959Daniil Andreyev, Russian mystic and poet (b. 1906)
  • 1959 – John Auden, English solicitor, deputy coroner and a territorial soldier (b. 1894)
  • 1959 – Riccardo Zanella, Italian politician (b. 1875)
  • 1960Joseph Haas, German composer and educator (b. 1879)
  • 1961Philibert Jacques Melotte, English astronomer (b. 1880)
  • 1963Aleksandr Gauk, Russian conductor and composer (b. 1893)
  • 1964Nella Larsen, American nurse and author (b. 1891)
  • 1965Philip Showalter Hench, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)
  • 1966Newbold Morris, American lawyer and politician (b. 1902)
  • 1966 – Maxfield Parrish, American painter and illustrator (b. 1870)
  • 1966 – Erwin Piscator, German director and producer (b. 1893)
  • 1967Frank Thorpe, Australian public servant (b. 1885)
  • 1967 – Jean Toomer, American poet and novelist (b. 1894)
  • 1969Lucien Bianchi, Belgian racing driver (b. 1934)
  • 1970Heinrich Brüning, German economist and politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885)
  • 1972Mahir Çayan, Turkish politician (b. 1946)
  • 1972 – Gabriel Heatter, American radio commentator (b. 1890)
  • 1973Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish pilot and politician (b. 1903)
  • 1973 – Yves Giraud-Cabantous, French racing driver (b. 1904)
  • 1975Peter Bamm, German journalist and author (b. 1897)
  • 1977Levko Revutsky, Ukrainian composer and educator (b. 1889)
  • 1978George Paine, English cricketer and coach (b. 1908)
  • 1978 – Memduh Tağmaç, Turkish general (b. 1904)
  • 1979Airey Neave, English colonel, lawyer, and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (b. 1916)
  • 1979 – Ray Ventura, French pianist and bandleader (b. 1908)
  • 1981DeWitt Wallace, American publisher, co-founded Reader's Digest (b. 1889)
  • 1984Karl Rahner, German-Austrian priest and theologian (b. 1904)
  • 1985Harold Peary, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
  • 1986James Cagney, American actor and dancer (b. 1899)
  • 1986 – John Ciardi, American poet and etymologist (b. 1916)
  • 1988Edgar Faure, French historian and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1908)
  • 1990Harry Bridges, Australian-born American activist and trade union leader (b. 1901)
  • 1992Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist and academic (b. 1919)
  • 1993S. M. Pandit, Indian painter (b. 1916)
  • 1993 – Richard Diebenkorn, American painter (b. 1922)
  • 1995Rozelle Claxton, American pianist (b. 1913)
  • 1995 – Tony Lock, English-Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1929)
  • 1995 – Paul A. Rothchild, American record producer (b. 1935)
  • 1996Hugh Falkus, English pilot and author (b. 1917)
  • 1996 – Ryoei Saito, Japanese businessman (b. 1916)
  • 2000Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian judge and politician, 8th President of Austria (b. 1915)
  • 2002Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (b. 1900)
  • 2002 – Anand Bakshi, Indian poet and lyricist (b. 1930)
  • 2003Michael Jeter, American actor (b. 1952)
  • 2003 – Valentin Pavlov, Russian banker and politician, 11th Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (b. 1937)
  • 2004Alistair Cooke, English-American journalist and author (b. 1908)
  • 2004 – Hubert Gregg, English actor and director (b. 1914)
  • 2004 – Michael King, New Zealand historian and author (b. 1945)
  • 2004 – Timi Yuro, American singer and songwriter (b. 1940)
  • 2005Robert Creeley, American novelist, essayist, and poet (b. 1926)
  • 2005 – Milton Green, American hurdler and soldier (b. 1913)
  • 2005 – Fred Korematsu, American political activist (b. 1919)
  • 2005 – O. V. Vijayan, Indian author and illustrator (b. 1930)
  • 2005 – Mitch Hedberg, American stand-up comedian (b. 1968)
  • 2006Red Hickey, American football player and coach (b. 1917)
  • 2006 – John McGahern, Irish author and educator (b. 1934)
  • 2007John Roberts, Canadian political scientist, academic, and politician, 46th Secretary of State for Canada (b. 1933)
  • 2008Roland Fraïssé, French mathematical logician (b. 1920)
  • 2008 – David Leslie, Scottish racing driver (b. 1953)
  • 2008 – Richard Lloyd, English racing driver (b. 1945)
  • 2008 – Dith Pran, Cambodian-American photographer and journalist (b. 1942)
  • 2010Jaime Escalante, Bolivian-American educator (b. 1930)
  • 2010 – Morris R. Jeppson, American lieutenant and physicist (b. 1922)
  • 2010 – Martin Sandberger, German SS officer (b. 1911)
  • 2012Janet Anderson Perkin, Canadian baseball player and curler (b. 1921)
  • 2012 – Aquila Berlas Kiani, Indian-Canadian sociologist and academic (b. 1921)
  • 2012 – Francesco Mancini, Italian footballer and coach (b. 1968)
  • 2012 – Granville Semmes, American businessman, founded 1-800-Flowers (b. 1928)
  • 2012 – Leonid Shebarshin, Russian KGB officer (b. 1935)
  • 2013Daniel Hoffman, American poet and academic (b. 1923)
  • 2013 – Bobby Parks, American basketball player and coach (b. 1962)
  • 2013 – Phil Ramone, South African-American songwriter and producer, co-founded A & R Recording (b. 1934)
  • 2013 – Edith Schaeffer, Chinese-Swiss religious leader and author, co-founded L'Abri (b. 1914)
  • 2013 – Bob Turley, American baseball player and coach (b. 1930)
  • 2014Ray Hutchison, American lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
  • 2014 – Kate O'Mara, English actress (b. 1939)
  • 2015Helmut Dietl, German director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1944)
  • 2015 – Roger Slifer, American author, illustrator, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1954)
  • 2015 – Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer and academic (b. 1921)
  • 2018Bill Maynard, English actor (b. 1928)
  • 2020Bill Withers, American musician (b. 1938)

Holidays and observances[]

  • Christian feast day:
    • Blessed Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy
    • Blessed Maria Restituta Kafka
    • John Climacus
    • Mamertinus of Auxerre
    • Quirinus of Neuss
    • Thomas Son Chasuhn, Marie-Nicolas-Antoine Daveluy (part of The Korean Martyrs)
    • Tola of Clonard
    • March 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Earliest day on which the first day of Hocktide can fall, while April 3 is the latest; observed on the second Monday after Easter. (Hungerford, England; popular in medieval England)
  • Land Day (Palestine)
  • National Doctors' Day (United States)
  • Spiritual Baptist/Shouter Liberation Day (Trinidad and Tobago)
  • School Day of Non-violence and Peace (Spain)

References[]

  1. A history of italian republic. Longman. 1832. p. 103.
  2. Herbert Maxwell. A History of the House of Douglas from the Earliest Times Down to the Legislative Union of England and Scotland. Рипол Классик. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-145-80495-1.
  3. Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 43–45. ISBN 978-0812215922. OCLC 44966032.
  4. A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur les couleurs développées dans les fluides homogènes par la lumière polarisée" ("Memoir on colors developed in homogeneous fluids by polarized light"), read 30 March 1818; printed in A. Fresnel (ed. H. de Senarmont, E. Verdet, and L. Fresnel), Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel, Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, vol.1, 1866, pp.655–83, at pp.659–60.
  5. "Israel's Arabs to mark Land Day". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2018-10-30.
  6. "Vandals crash cars through French synagogue". Arizona Daily Sun. AP. 30 March 2002. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  7. "Shooting in France in Wave of Anti-Jewish Attacks". New York Times. 1 April 2002. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  8. Diamond, Andrew (1 April 2002). "Weekend of anti-Semitism in France". JTA. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  9. Horn, Heather (19 March 2012). "The Jewish School Shooting and Patterns of Violence". The Atlantic. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  10. Chang, Kenneth (30 March 2017). "SpaceX Launches a Satellite With a Partly Used Rocket". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  11. Amos, Jonathan (31 March 2017). "Success for SpaceX 're-usable rocket'". BBC News. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  12. "The Parliament of Tasmania from 1856". www.parliament.tas.gov.au.
  13. Anthologie de la littérature et des arts tchadiens. Bourdette-Donon, Marcel. Paris: L'Harmattan. 2003. p. 187. ISBN 9782747540513. OCLC 52429094.CS1 maint: others (link)
  14. "Gary Stevens". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  15. "Celine Dion | Biography, Songs, Awards, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  16. "Mari Holden Bio, Stats, and Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  17. "Andrea Masi". ESPN scrum. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  18. "Joao Sousa Overview". ATP Tour. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  19. https://www.biography.com/musician/thomas-rhett
  20. "Jetro Willems". FIFA. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  21. "Official NRL profile of Kalyn Ponga for Newcastle Knights". Newcastle Knights. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  22. "Colton Herta". Retrieved 29 September 2018.

External links[]


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