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March 14 is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 292 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

  • 1590Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne, during the French Wars of Religion.[1]
  • 1647Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.[2]
  • 1663 – According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book De Vacuo.[3]
  • 1674 – The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship Wapen van Rotterdam being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers.[4]
  • 1757 – Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard HMS Monarch for breach of the Articles of War.[5]
  • 1780American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans.[6]
  • 1794Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.[7]
  • 1885The Mikado, a light opera by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, receives its first public performance at the Savoy Theatre in London.[8]
  • 1900 – The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing the United States currency on the gold standard.[9]
  • 1903Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, the first national wildlife refuge in the US, is established by President Theodore Roosevelt.[10]
  • 1920 – In the second of the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites, about 80% of the population in Zone II votes to remain part of Weimar Germany.[11]
  • 1926 – The El Virilla train accident, Costa Rica, kills 248 people and wounds another 93 when a train falls off a bridge over the Río Virilla between Heredia and Tibás.[12]
  • 1931Alam Ara, India's first talking film, is released.[13]
  • 1939Slovakia declares independence under German pressure.[14]
  • 1942 – Anne Miller becomes the first American patient to be treated with penicillin, under the care of Orvan Hess and John Bumstead.[15]
  • 1943 – The liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto is completed.[16]
  • 1945 – The R.A.F. drop the Grand Slam bomb in action for the first time, on a railway viaduct near Bielefeld, Germany.[17]
  • 1951Korean War: United Nations troops recapture Seoul for the second time.[18]
  • 1961 – A USAF B-52 bomber crashes near near Yuba City, California whilst carrying nuclear weapons.[19]
  • 1964Jack Ruby is convicted of killing Lee Harvey Oswald, the assumed assassin of John F. Kennedy.[20]
  • 1967 – The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.[21]
  • 1978 – The Israel Defense Forces launch Operation Litani, a seven-day campaign to invade and occupy southern Lebanon.[22]
  • 1980LOT Flight 7 crashes during final approach near Warsaw, Poland, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team.[23]
  • 1982 – The South African government bombs the headquarters of the African National Congress in London.[24]
  • 1988 – In the Johnson South Reef Skirmish Chinese forces defeat Vietnamese forces in an altercation over control of one of the Spratly Islands.[25]
  • 1995Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle.[26]
  • 2006 – The 2006 Chadian coup d'état attempt ends in failure.[27]
  • 2007 – The Nandigram violence in Nandigram, West Bengal results in the deaths of at least 14 people.[28]
  • 2008 – A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupt in Lhasa and subsequently spread elsewhere in Tibet.[29]
  • 2019Cyclone Idai makes landfall near Beira, Mozambique, causing devastating floods and over 1000 deaths.[30]

Births[]

  • 1638Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (d. 1710)[31]
  • 1790Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver (d. 1863)[32]
  • 1800James Bogardus, American inventor and architect (d. 1874)[33]
  • 1801Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Estonian poet (d. 1822)[34]
  • 1804Johann Strauss I, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1849)[35]
  • 1813Joseph P. Bradley, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1892)[36]
  • 1820Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (d. 1878)[37]
  • 1822Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies (d. 1889)[38]
  • 1823Théodore de Banville, French poet and critic (d. 1891)[39]
  • 1833Frederic Shields, English painter and illustrator (d. 1911)[40]
  • 1833 – Lucy Hobbs Taylor, American dentist and educator (d. 1910)[41]
  • 1835Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian (d. 1910)[42]
  • 1836Isabella Beeton, English author of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (d. 1865)[43]
  • 1837Charles Ammi Cutter, American librarian (d. 1903)[44]
  • 1844Umberto I of Italy (d. 1900)[45]
  • 1844 – Arthur O'Shaughnessy, English poet and herpetologist (d. 1881)[46]
  • 1847Castro Alves, Brazilian poet and playwright (d. 1871)[47]
  • 1853Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918)[48]
  • 1854Paul Ehrlich, German physician and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1915)[49]
  • 1854 – John Lane, English publisher, co-founded The Bodley Head (d. 1925)[50]
  • 1854 – Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian author and poet (d. 1920)[51]
  • 1854 – Thomas R. Marshall, American lawyer and politician, 28th Vice President of the United States of America (d. 1925)[52]
  • 1862Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (d. 1951)[53]
  • 1863Casey Jones, American engineer (d. 1900)[54]
  • 1868Emily Murphy, Canadian jurist, author, and activist (d. 1933)[55]
  • 1869Algernon Blackwood, English author and playwright (d. 1951)[56]
  • 1874Anton Philips, Dutch businessman, co-founded Philips Electronics (d. 1951)[57]
  • 1879Albert Einstein, German-American physicist, engineer, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)[41]
  • 1882Wacław Sierpiński, Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1969)[58]
  • 1885Raoul Lufbery, French-American soldier and pilot (d. 1918)[59]
  • 1886Firmin Lambot, Belgian cyclist (d. 1964)[60]
  • 1887Sylvia Beach, American-French publisher, founded Shakespeare and Company (d. 1962)[61]
  • 1898Reginald Marsh, French-American painter and illustrator (d. 1954)[62]
  • 1899K. C. Irving, Canadian businessman, founded Irving Oil (d. 1992)[63]
  • 1901Sid Atkinson, South African hurdler and long jumper (d. 1977)[64]
  • 1903Adolph Gottlieb, American painter and sculptor (d. 1974)[65]
  • 1904Doris Eaton Travis, American actress and dancer (d. 2010)[66]
  • 1905Raymond Aron, French journalist, sociologist, and philosopher (d. 1983)[67]
  • 1906Ulvi Cemal Erkin, Turkish composer and educator (d. 1972)[68]
  • 1908Ed Heinemann, American designer of military aircraft (d. 1991)[69]
  • 1908 – Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher and academic (d. 1961)[70]
  • 1908 – Philip Conrad Vincent, English engineer and businessman, founded Vincent Motorcycles (d. 1979)[71]
  • 1911Akira Yoshizawa, Japanese origamist (d. 2005)[72]
  • 1912Cliff Bastin, English footballer (d. 1991)[73]
  • 1912 – Les Brown, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2001)[74]
  • 1912 – W. Graham Claytor, Jr. American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1994)[75]
  • 1912 – W. Willard Wirtz, American lawyer and politician, 10th United States Secretary of Labor (d. 2010)[76]
  • 1914Lee Hays, American singer-songwriter (d. 1981)[77]
  • 1914 – Bill Owen, English actor and songwriter (d. 1999)[78]
  • 1914 – Lee Petty, American race car driver and businessman, founded Petty Enterprises (d. 2000)[79]
  • 1915Alexander Brott, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 2005)[80]
  • 1916Horton Foote, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2009)[41]
  • 1917Alan Smith, English lieutenant and pilot (d. 2013)[81]
  • 1918Zoia Horn, American librarian (d. 2014)[82]
  • 1919Max Shulman, American author and screenwriter (d. 1988)[83]
  • 1920Hank Ketcham, American author and cartoonist, created Dennis the Menace (d. 2001)[84]
  • 1920 – Dorothy Tyler-Odam, English high jumper (d. 2014)[85]
  • 1921S. Truett Cathy, American businessman, founded Chick-fil-A (d. 2014)[86]
  • 1921 – Ada Louise Huxtable, American author and critic (d. 2013)[87]
  • 1922Les Baxter, American pianist and composer (d. 1996)[88]
  • 1923Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)[89]
  • 1925William Clay Ford, Sr., American businessman (d. 2014)[90]
  • 1925 – Joseph A. Unanue, American sergeant and businessman (d. 2013)[91]
  • 1926François Morel, Canadian pianist, composer, conductor, and educator (d. 2018)[92]
  • 1928Frank Borman, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut[41]
  • 1928 – Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (d. 1980)[93]
  • 1929Bob Goalby, American golfer[94]
  • 1932Mark Murphy, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2015)[95]
  • 1932 – Naina Yeltsina, Russian wife of Boris Yeltsin, First Lady of Russia[96]
  • 1933Michael Caine, English actor and author[41]
  • 1933 – Quincy Jones, American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and producer[41]
  • 1934Eugene Cernan, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)[97]
  • 1934 – Paul Rader, American 15th General of The Salvation Army[98]
  • 1936Bob Charles, New Zealand golfer[99]
  • 1937Peter van der Merwe, South African cricketer and referee (d. 2013)[100]
  • 1938Eleanor Bron, English actress and screenwriter[101]
  • 1938 – Jan Crouch, American televangelist, co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (d. 2016)[102]
  • 1938 – John Gleeson, Australian cricketer (d. 2016)[103]
  • 1939Raymond J. Barry, American actor[104]
  • 1939 – Bertrand Blier, French director and screenwriter[105]
  • 1939 – Yves Boisset, French director and screenwriter[106]
  • 1941Wolfgang Petersen, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter[107]
  • 1942Rita Tushingham, English actress[41]
  • 1943Anita Morris, American actress and singer (d. 1994)[108]
  • 1944Boris Brott, Canadian composer and conductor[109]
  • 1944 – Václav Nedomanský, Czech ice hockey player and manager[110]
  • 1944 – Bobby Smith, English footballer and manager[111]
  • 1944 – Tom Stannage, Australian historian and academic (d. 2012)[112]
  • 1945Jasper Carrott, English comedian, actor, and game show host[113]
  • 1945 – Michael Martin Murphey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[114]
  • 1945 – Walter Parazaider, American saxophonist[115]
  • 1946William Lerach, American securities and class action attorney[116]
  • 1946 – Wes Unseld, American basketball player, coach, and manager[117]
  • 1947Roy Budd, English pianist and composer (d. 1993)[118]
  • 1947 – William J. Jefferson, American lawyer and politician[119]
  • 1947 – Jona Lewie, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player[120]
  • 1948Tom Coburn, American physician and politician (d. 2020)[121]
  • 1948 – Billy Crystal, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[41]
  • 1948 – Theo Jansen, Dutch sculptor[122]
  • 1950Rick Dees, American actor and radio host[41]
  • 1951Jerry Greenfield, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Ben & Jerry's[123]
  • 1953Nick Keir, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2013)[124]
  • 1955Jonathan Kaufer, American director and screenwriter (d. 2013)[125]
  • 1956Alexey Pajitnov, Russian video game designer and computer engineer, creator of Tetris[126]
  • 1956 – Butch Wynegar, American baseball player and coach[127]
  • 1957Tad Williams, American author[128]
  • 1958Albert II, Prince of Monaco[129]
  • 1959Laila Robins, American actress[130]
  • 1959 – Tamara Tunie, American actress[41]
  • 1960Heidi Hammel, American astronomer and academic[131]
  • 1961Garry Jack, Australian rugby league player and coach[132]
  • 1961 – Mike Lazaridis, Turkish–Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded BlackBerry Limited[133]
  • 1963Bruce Reid, Australian cricketer and coach[134]
  • 1965Kevin Brown, American baseball player and coach[135]
  • 1965 – Aamir Khan, Indian film actor, producer, and director[136]
  • 1965 – Billy Sherwood, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer[137]
  • 1965 – Kevin Williamson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[138]
  • 1966Jonas Elmer, Danish actor, director, and screenwriter[139]
  • 1966 – Elise Neal, American actress and producer[140]
  • 1968Megan Follows, Canadian-American actress[141]
  • 1969Larry Johnson, American basketball player and actor[142]
  • 1970Kristian Bush, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[143]
  • 1972Irom Chanu Sharmila, Indian poet and activist[144]
  • 1973Rohit Shetty, Indian film director and producer[145]
  • 1974Patrick Traverse, Canadian ice hockey player[146]
  • 1975Steve Harper, English footballer and referee[147]
  • 1975 – Dmitri Markov, Belarusian-Australian pole vaulter[148]
  • 1976Phil Vickery, English rugby player and sportscaster[149]
  • 1977Vadims Fjodorovs, Latvian footballer and coach[150]
  • 1977 – Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (d. 2011)[151]
  • 1977 – Jeremy Paul, New Zealand-Australian rugby player[152]
  • 1978Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer[153]
  • 1979Nicolas Anelka, French footballer and manager[154]
  • 1979 – Chris Klein, American actor[155]
  • 1979 – Sead Ramović, German-Bosnian footballer[156]
  • 1980Aaron Brown, English footballer and coach[157]
  • 1980 – Ben Herring, New Zealand rugby player[158]
  • 1981Bobby Jenks, American baseball player[41]
  • 1981 – George Wilson, American football player[159]
  • 1982Carlos Marinelli, Argentinian footballer[160]
  • 1982 – François Sterchele, Belgian footballer (d. 2008)[161]
  • 1983Bakhtiyar Artayev, Kazakh boxer[162]
  • 1986Elton Chigumbura, Zimbabwean cricketer[163]
  • 1986 – Jessica Gallagher, Australian skier and cyclist[164]
  • 1986 – Andy Taylor, English footballer[165]
  • 1988Stephen Curry, American basketball player[41]
  • 1988 – Rico Freimuth, German decathlete[166]
  • 1989Kevin Lacroix, Canadian race car driver[167]
  • 1990Joe Allen, Welsh footballer[168]
  • 1990 – Tamás Kádár, Hungarian footballer[169]
  • 1990 – Haru Kuroki, Japanese actress[170]
  • 1990 – Kolbeinn Sigþórsson, Icelandic footballer[171]
  • 1991Emir Bekrić, Serbian hurdler[172]
  • 1991 – László Szűcs, Hungarian footballer[173]
  • 1991 – Steven Zellner, German footballer[174]
  • 1993Philipp Ziereis, German footballer[175]
  • 1994Ansel Elgort, American actor and DJ[176]
  • 1996Batuhan Altıntaş, Turkish footballer[177]
  • 1997Simone Biles, American gymnast[178]
  • 2000Paige Rini, Canadian water skier[179]
  • 2008Abby Ryder Fortson, American actress[180]

Deaths[]

  • 840Einhard, Frankish scholar[181]
  • 968Matilda of Ringelheim, Saxon queen (b. c. 896)[182]
  • 1555John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford (b. 1485)[183]
  • 1647Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (b. 1584)[184]
  • 1648Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general and politician (b. 1584)[185]
  • 1696Jean Domat, French lawyer and jurist (b. 1625)[186]
  • 1748George Wade, Irish field marshal and politician (b. 1673)[187]
  • 1757John Byng, British admiral and politician, 11th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1704)[5]
  • 1791Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and critic (b. 1725)[188]
  • 1803Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet (b. 1724)[189]
  • 1811Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1735)[190]
  • 1823Charles François Dumouriez, French general and politician, French Minister of War (b. 1739)[191]
  • 1860Carl Ritter von Ghega, Italian engineer, designed the Semmering railway (b. 1802)[192]
  • 1877Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentinian general and politician, 17th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (b. 1793)[193]
  • 1883Karl Marx, German philosopher and theorist (b. 1818)[194]
  • 1884Quintino Sella, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finances (b. 1827)[195]
  • 1932George Eastman, American inventor and businessman, founded Eastman Kodak (b. 1854)[196]
  • 1953Klement Gottwald, Czechoslovak Communist politician and 14th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1896)[197]
  • 1957Evagoras Pallikarides, Cypriot activist (b. 1938)[198]
  • 1965Marion Jones Farquhar, American tennis player (b. 1879)[199]
  • 1968Erwin Panofsky, German historian and academic (b. 1892)[200]
  • 1969Ben Shahn, Lithuanian-American painter, illustrator, and educator (b. 1898)[201]
  • 1973Howard H. Aiken, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1900)[202]
  • 1973 – Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)[203]
  • 1975Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917)[204]
  • 1976Busby Berkeley, American director and choreographer (b. 1895)[205]
  • 1977Fannie Lou Hamer, American activist and philanthropist (b. 1917)[206]
  • 1980Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Indonesia (b. 1902)[207]
  • 1980 – Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (b. 1928)[93]
  • 1984Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet (b. 1915)[208]
  • 1989Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary (b. 1892)[209]
  • 1991Howard Ashman, American playwright and composer (b. 1950)[210]
  • 1995William Alfred Fowler, American physicist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)[211]
  • 1997Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director and producer (b. 1907)[212]
  • 1999Kirk Alyn, American actor (b. 1910)[213]
  • 1999 – John Broome, American author (b. 1913)[214]
  • 2003Jack Goldstein, Canadian-American painter (b. 1945)[215]
  • 2003 – Jean-Luc Lagardère, French engineer and businessman (b. 1928)[216]
  • 2006Lennart Meri, Estonian director and politician, 2nd President of Estonia (b. 1929)[217]
  • 2007Lucie Aubrac, French educator and activist (b. 1912)[218]
  • 2008Chiara Lubich, Italian activist, co-founded the Focolare Movement (b. 1920)[219]
  • 2010Peter Graves, American actor (b. 1926)[220]
  • 2012Pierre Schoendoerffer, French director and screenwriter (b. 1928)[221]
  • 2012 – Ċensu Tabone, Maltese general and politician, 4th President of Malta (b. 1913)[222]
  • 2013Jack Greene, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1930)[223]
  • 2013 – Aramais Sahakyan, Armenian poet and author (b. 1936)[224]
  • 2013 – Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-Cambodian politician, Cambodian Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1925)[225]
  • 2014Tony Benn, English politician, Postmaster General of the United Kingdom (b. 1925)[226]
  • 2014 – Meir Har-Zion, Israeli commander (b. 1934)[227]
  • 2016John W. Cahn, German-American metallurgist and academic (b. 1928)[228]
  • 2016 – Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer and conductor (b. 1934)[229]
  • 2016 – Suranimala Rajapaksha, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1949)[230]
  • 2018Jim Bowen, English stand-up comedian and TV personality (b. 1937)[231]
  • 2018 – Marielle Franco, Brazilian politician and human rights activist (b. 1979)[232]
  • 2018 – Stephen Hawking, English physicist and author (b. 1942)[233]
  • 2018 – Liam O'Flynn, Irish uileann piper (b. 1945)[234]
  • 2019Jake Phelps, American skateboarder and Thrasher editor-in-chief (b. 1962)[235]

Holidays and observances[]

References[]

  1. Charles Oman (1937). A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century. E.P. Dutton. p. 501.
  2. Kenneth Meyer Setton (1991). Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. American Philosophical Society. pp. 83. ISBN 978-0-87169-192-7.
  3. Otto von Guericke (6 December 2012). The New (So-Called) Magdeburg Experiments of Otto Von Guericke. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 20. ISBN 978-94-011-2010-4.
  4. Written at London. "Londenden 3 April" [London 3 April]. Engelandt. Amsterdamsche Courant (in Dutch) (15). Amsterdam: Mattheus Cousart (published 1674-04-10). 1674-04-03. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-03-23 – via Delpher.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Godfrey, Michael (1974). "BYNG, JOHN". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 3. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  6. Hamilton, Peter Joseph (1897). Colonial Mobile: An Historical Study, Largely from Original Sources, of the ... Houghton Mifflin andcompany. p. 255. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  7. Howard B. Rockman (26 July 2004). Intellectual Property Law for Engineers and Scientists. John Wiley & Sons. p. 475. ISBN 978-0-471-69739-8.
  8. Frederick Wilse Bateson (1940). The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature. CUP Archive. p. 611.
  9. Allen, Larry (2009). The Encyclopedia of Money. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-59884-251-7. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  10. "National-Wildlife-Refuge System-Birthday-March-14 | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  11. "Deutsch oder dänisch? Die Schleswig-Frage" (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  12. Armistead, Samuel G. (1995). Oral Tradition and Hispanic Literature: Essays in Honor of Samuel G. Armistead. Taylor & Francis. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-8153-2062-3. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  13. Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan. 2003. p. 170. ISBN 978-81-7991-066-5. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  14. Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. p. 1881. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  15. Lily, Rothman. "Meet the First American Treated With Penicillin". Time. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  16. "Krakow (Cracow)". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 2020-04-12. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  17. Thetford, Owen (1957). Aircraft of the Royal Air Force, 1918-57. Putnam. p. 59. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  18. Feldman, Ruth Tenzer (2004). The Korean War. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8225-4716-7. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  19. Maloney, Sean M. (2020). Deconstructing Dr. Strangelove: The Secret History of Nuclear War Films. U of Nebraska Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-64012-192-8. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  20. George, Alice L. (2013). The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: Political Trauma and American Memory. Routledge. p. xiii. ISBN 978-0-415-89556-9. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  21. "Bodies of Kennedy, Children Are Moved To Permanent Grave". The New York Times. March 15, 1967. p. A1. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  22. Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947. Psychology Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-415-28716-6. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  23. "Zatajona prawda - katastrofa Ił-62 Mikołaj Kopernik - Polska". Newsweek.pl. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  24. Davies, Nick (15 March 2013). "From the archive, 15 March 1982: Bomb blast at ANC London office". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  25. Chan, Hing Kai; Chan, Faith Ka Shun; O'Brien, David (2020). International Flows in the Belt and Road Initiative Context: Business, People, History and Geography. Springer Nature. p. 175. ISBN 978-981-15-3133-0. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  26. "NASA-1 Norm Thagard". history.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  27. "Troops reportedly stop coup attempt". chicagotribune.com. 16 March 2006. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  28. Sen, Swagata (24 December 2009). "2007-Nandigram violence: A state of failure". India Today. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  29. "Tibetan riots spread outside region". The New York Times. 16 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  30. Maclean, Ruth (March 19, 2019), "Cyclone Idai 'might be southern hemisphere's worst such disaster'", The Guardian, Dakar, archived from the original on March 22, 2019, retrieved March 23, 2019
  31. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gichtel, Johann Georg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  32. Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm (2016). Campbell, Lori (ed.). The Essential Grimm's Fairy Tales. Race Point Publishing. p. 351. ISBN 978-1-62788-939-1. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
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