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March 13 in recent years
2024 (Wednesday)
2023 (Monday)
2022 (Sunday)
2021 (Saturday)
2020 (Friday)
2019 (Wednesday)
2018 (Tuesday)
2017 (Monday)
2016 (Sunday)
2015 (Friday)
DateTemplate:SHORTDESC:Date
March 13 is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . 293 days remain until the end of the year.
Events [ ]
1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel , traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War .[1]
1591 – At the Battle of Tondibi in Mali , Moroccan forces of the Saadi dynasty , led by Judar Pasha, defeat the Songhai Empire , despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.[2]
1639 – Harvard College is named after clergyman John Harvard .[3]
1697 – Nojpetén , capital of the last independent Maya kingdom, fell to Spanish conquistadors , the final step in the Spanish conquest of Guatemala .[4]
1741 - The Battle of Cartagena de Indias (part of the War of Jenkins' Ear ) begins.[5]
1781 – William Herschel discovers Uranus .[6]
1809 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden is deposed in the Coup of 1809 .[7]
1826 – Pope Leo XII publishes the apostolic constitution Quo Graviora in which he renewed the prohibition on Catholics joining freemasonry .[8]
1845 – Felix Mendelssohn 's Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.[9]
1848 – The German revolutions of 1848–1849 begin in Vienna.[10]
1862 – The Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves was passed by the United States Congress , effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation .[11]
1881 – Alexander II of Russia is assassinated.[12]
1884 – The Siege of Khartoum begins. It lasts until January 26, 1885.[13]
1900 – British forces occupy Bloemfontein , Orange Free State , during the Second Boer War .[14]
1920 – The Kapp Putsch briefly ousts the Weimar Republic government from Berlin.[15]
1930 – The news of the discovery of Pluto is announced by Lowell Observatory .[16]
1933 – Banks in the U.S. begin to re-open after the three-day national "bank holiday" mandated by the Franklin D. Roosevelt 's Emergency Banking Act .[17]
1943 – German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków .[18]
1954 – The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ begins with an artillery barrage by Viet Minh forces under Võ Nguyên Giáp ; Viet Minh victory lead to the end of the First Indochina War and French withdrawal from Vietnam.[19]
1957 – Cuban student revolutionaries storm the presidential palace in Havana in a failed attempt on the life of President Fulgencio Batista .[20]
1969 – Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module .[21]
1979 – The New Jewel Movement , headed by Maurice Bishop , ousts the Prime Minister of Grenada , Eric Gairy , in a coup d'état .[22]
1988 – The Seikan Tunnel , the longest undersea tunnel in the world, opens between Aomori and Hakodate , Japan.[23]
1992 – The Template:M 6.6 Erzincan earthquake strikes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe ).[24]
1996 – The Dunblane massacre leads to the death of sixteen primary school children and one teacher in Dunblane , Scotland.[25]
1997 – The Missionaries of Charity choose Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as their leader.[26]
2003 – An article in Nature identifies the Ciampate del Diavolo as 350,000-year-old hominid footprints.[27]
2012 – The Sierre coach crash kills 28 people, including 22 children.[28]
2013 – The 2013 papal conclave elects Pope Francis as the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church .[29]
2016 – The Ankara bombing kills at least 37 people.[30]
2016 – Three gunmen attack two hotels in the Ivory Coast town of Grand-Bassam , killing at least 19 people.[31]
Births [ ]
1372 – Louis I, Duke of Orléans (d. 1407)[32]
1479 – Lazarus Spengler , German hymnwriter (d. 1534)[33]
1560 – William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg , Dutch count (d. 1620)[34]
1593 – Georges de La Tour , French painter (probable;[35] d. 1652)
1599 – John Berchmans , Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. 1621)[36]
1615 – Innocent XII , pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1700)[37]
1683 – Johann Wilhelm Weinmann , German botanist (d. 1741)[38]
1700 – Michel Blavet , French flute player and composer (d. 1768)[39]
1719 – John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden , English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Essex (d. 1797)[40]
1720 – Charles Bonnet , Swiss historian and author (d. 1793)[41]
1741 – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1790)[42]
1763 – Guillaume Brune , French general and diplomat (d. 1815)[43]
1764 – Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey , English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1845)[44]
1770 – Daniel Lambert , English animal breeder (d. 1809)[45]
1781 – Karl Friedrich Schinkel , German painter and architect, designed the Konzerthaus Berlin (d. 1841)[46]
1798 – Abigail Fillmore , American wife of Millard Fillmore , 14th First Lady of the United States (d. 1853)[47]
1800 – Mustafa Reşid Pasha , Ottoman politician, 212th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1858)[48]
1815 – James Curtis Hepburn , American physician, linguist, and missionary (d. 1911)[49]
1825 – Hans Gude , Norwegian-German painter and academic (d. 1903)[50]
1855 – Percival Lowell , American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1916)[51]
1857 – B. H. Roberts , English-American historian and politician (d. 1933)[52]
1860 – Hugo Wolf , Slovene-Austrian composer (d. 1903)[53]
1862 – Paul Prosper Henrys , French general (d. 1943)[54]
1864 – Alexej von Jawlensky , Russian-German painter (d. 1941)[55]
1870 – William Glackens , American painter and illustrator (d. 1938)[56]
1874 – Ellery Harding Clark , American jumper, coach, and lawyer (d. 1949)[57]
1880 – Josef Gočár , Czech architect (d. 1945)[58]
1883 – Enrico Toselli , Italian pianist and composer (d. 1926)[59]
1884 – Hugh Walpole , New Zealand-English author and educator (d. 1941)[60]
1886 – Home Run Baker , American baseball player and manager (d. 1963)[61]
1886 – Albert William Stevens , American captain and photographer (d. 1949)[62]
1888 – Paul Morand , French author and diplomat (d. 1976)[63]
1890 – Fritz Busch , German conductor and director (d. 1951)[64]
1892 – Janet Flanner , American journalist and author (d. 1978)[65]
1897 – Yeghishe Charents , Armenian poet and activist (d. 1937)[66]
1898 – Henry Hathaway , American director and producer (d. 1985)[67]
1899 – John Hasbrouck Van Vleck , American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)[68]
1899 – Pancho Vladigerov , Bulgarian pianist and composer (d. 1978)[69]
1900 – Andrée Bosquet , Belgian painter (d. 1980)[70]
1900 – Giorgos Seferis , Greek poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)[71]
1902 – Hans Bellmer , German-French painter and sculptor (d. 1975)[72]
1904 – Clifford Roach , Trinidadian cricketer and footballer (d. 1988)[73]
1907 – Dorothy Tangney , Australian politician (d. 1985)[74]
1908 – Walter Annenberg , American publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 2002)[75]
1908 – Myrtle Bachelder , American chemist and Women's Army Corps officer (d. 1997)[76]
1910 – Sammy Kaye , American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1987)[77]
1910 – Kemal Tahir , Turkish journalist and author (d. 1973)[78]
1911 – José Ardévol , Cuban composer and conductor (d. 1981)[79]
1913 – William J. Casey , American politician, 13th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1987)[80]
1913 – Sergey Mikhalkov , Russian author and playwright (d. 2009)[81]
1914 – W. O. Mitchell , Canadian author and playwright (d. 1998)[82]
1914 – Edward O'Hare , American lieutenant and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1943)[83]
1916 – Lindy Boggs , American educator and politician, 5th United States Ambassador to the Holy See (d. 2013)[84]
1916 – Jacque Fresco , American engineer and academic (d. 2017)[85]
1920 – Ralph J. Roberts , American businessman, co-founded Comcast (d. 2015)[86]
1921 – Al Jaffee , American cartoonist[87]
1923 – Dimitrios Ioannidis , Greek general (d. 2010)[88]
1925 – Roy Haynes , American drummer and composer[89]
1926 – Carlos Roberto Reina , Honduran lawyer and politician, President of Honduras (d. 2003)[90]
1929 – Zbigniew Messner , Polish economist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland (d. 2014)[91]
1933 – Mahdi Elmandjra , Moroccan economist and sociologist (d. 2014)[92]
1933 – Gero von Wilpert , German author and academic (d. 2009)[93]
1935 – David Nobbs , English author and screenwriter (d. 2015)[94]
1938 – Robert Gammage , American captain and politician (d. 2012)[95]
1939 – Neil Sedaka , American singer-songwriter and pianist[51]
1941 – Donella Meadows , American environmentalist, author, and academic (d. 2001)[96]
1942 – Dave Cutler , American computer scientist and engineer[97]
1942 – Mahmoud Darwish , Palestinian poet and author (d. 2008)[98]
1942 – Scatman John , American singer-songwriter (d. 1999)[99]
1944 – Terence Burns, Baron Burns , English economist and academic[100]
1945 – Anatoly Fomenko , Russian mathematician and academic[101]
1946 – Yonatan Netanyahu , American-Israeli colonel (d. 1976)[102]
1947 – Lesley Collier , English ballerina and educator[103]
1947 – Beat Richner , Swiss pediatrician and cellist (d. 2018)[104]
1947 – Lyn St. James , American race car driver[105]
1949 – Ze'ev Bielski , Israeli politician[106]
1949 – Sian Elias , New Zealand lawyer and politician, 12th Chief Justice of New Zealand [107]
1950 – Joe Bugner , Hungarian-British boxer and actor[108]
1950 – Bernard Julien , Trinidadian cricketer[109]
1950 – Charles Krauthammer , American physician, journalist, and author (d. 2018)[110]
1950 – William H. Macy , American actor, director, and screenwriter[51]
1951 – Charo , Spanish-American singer, guitarist, and actress[110]
1952 – Wolfgang Rihm , German composer and educator[111]
1952 – Tim Sebastian , English journalist and author[112]
1953 – Andy Bean , American golfer[51]
1953 – Michael Curry , 27th presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church[113]
1954 – Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos , Guyanese-English politician and diplomat[114]
1954 – Robin Duke , Canadian actress and screenwriter[115]
1955 – Bruno Conti , Italian footballer and manager[116]
1955 – Glenne Headly , American actress (d. 2017)[117]
1955 – Olga Rukavishnikova , Russian pentathlete[118]
1956 – Dana Delany , American actress and producer[51]
1957 – John Hoeven , American banker and politician, 31st Governor of North Dakota [51]
1957 – Moses Hogan , American composer and conductor (d. 2003)[119]
1958 – Mágico González , Salvadoran footballer[120]
1958 – Rick Lazio , American lawyer and politician[121]
1958 – Caryl Phillips , Caribbean-English author and playwright[122]
1959 – Dirk Wellham , Australian cricketer[123]
1960 – Adam Clayton , English-Irish musician and songwriter[51]
1960 – Joe Ranft , American animator, screenwriter, and voice actor (d. 2005)[124]
1963 – Vance Johnson , American football player[125]
1964 – Will Clark , American baseball player[126]
1964 – Craig Dimond , Australian rugby league player[127]
1964 – Trevor Gillmeister Australian rugby league player and coach[128]
1966 – Chico Science , Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 1997)[129]
1967 – Andrés Escobar , Colombian footballer (d. 1994)[130]
1967 – Pieter Vink , Dutch footballer and referee[131]
1969 – Darren Fritz , Australian rugby league player[132]
1970 – Tim Story , American director and producer[133]
1971 – Annabeth Gish , American actress[115]
1971 – Allan Nielsen , Danish international footballer, midfielder and manager[134]
1972 – Common , American rapper and actor[51]
1973 – Edgar Davids , Surinamese born Dutch international footballer midfielder and manager[135]
1973 – Bobby Jackson , American basketball player and coach[136]
1974 – James Brinkley , Scottish cricketer[137]
1974 – Thomas Enqvist , Swedish tennis player and sportscaster[138]
1975 – Mark Clattenburg , English football referee[139]
1976 – Troy Hudson , American basketball player and rapper[140]
1976 – Danny Masterson , American actor and producer[110]
1978 – Tom Danielson , American cyclist[141]
1978 – Kenny Watson , American football player[142]
1979 – Johan Santana , Venezuelan-American baseball player[143]
1979 – Cédric Van Branteghem , Belgian sprinter[144]
1980 – Caron Butler , American basketball player[51]
1980 – Brad Watts , Australian rugby league player[145]
1982 – Nicole Ohlde , American basketball player[146]
1983 – Kaitlin Sandeno , American swimmer[147]
1984 – Geeta Basra , Indian actress[148]
1985 – Alcides Araújo Alves , Brazilian footballer[149]
1985 – Emile Hirsch , American actor[51]
1986 – Neil Wagner , South African-New Zealand cricketer[150]
1987 – Marco Andretti , American race car driver[151]
1987 – Andreas Beck , German footballer[152]
1988 – Furdjel Narsingh , Dutch footballer[153]
1989 – Holger Badstuber , German footballer[154]
1989 – Marko Marin , German footballer[155]
1989 – Robert Wickens , Canadian racing driver[151]
1990 – Anicet Abel , Malagasy footballer[156]
1991 – Daniel Greig , Australian speed skater[157]
1991 – Tristan Thompson , American basketball player[158]
1994 – Gerard Deulofeu , Spanish footballer[159]
1995 – Mikaela Shiffrin , American skier[160]
1998 – Jay-Roy Grot , Dutch footballer[161]
2001 – Thomas Dearden , Australian rugby league player[162]
Deaths [ ]
1202 – Mieszko III the Old , king of Poland (b. c. 1121)[163]
1271 – Henry of Almain , English knight (b. 1235)[164]
1415 – Minye Kyawswa , Crown Prince of Ava (b. 1391)[165]
1447 – Shah Rukh , Timurid ruler of Persia and Transoxania (b. 1377)[166]
1573 – Michel de l'Hôpital , French politician (b. 1507)[167]
1601 – Henry Cuffe , Politician (b. 1563)[168]
1619 – Richard Burbage , English actor (b. 1567)[169]
1711 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux , French poet and critic (b. 1636)[170]
1719 – Johann Friedrich Böttger , German chemist and potter (b. 1682)[171]
1800 – Nana Fadnavis , Indian minister and politician (b. 1742)[172]
1808 – Christian VII of Denmark (b. 1749)[173]
1823 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent , English admiral and politician (b. 1735)[174]
1833 – William Bradley , English lieutenant and cartographer (b. 1757)[175]
1842 – Henry Shrapnel , English general (b. 1761)[176]
1854 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle , French politician, 6th Prime Minister of France (b. 1773)[177]
1873 – David Swinson Maynard , American physician, lawyer, and businessman (b. 1808)[178]
1879 – Adolf Anderssen , German mathematician and chess player (b. 1818)[179]
1881 – Alexander II of Russia (b. 1818)[12]
1884 – Leland Stanford Jr. , American son of Leland Stanford (b. 1868)[180]
1885 – Giorgio Mitrovich , Maltese politician (b. 1795)[181]
1901 – Benjamin Harrison , American general and politician, 23rd President of the United States (b. 1833)[182]
1906 – Susan B. Anthony , American activist (b. 1820)[183]
1912 – Eugène-Étienne Taché , Canadian engineer and architect, designed the Parliament Building (b. 1836)[184]
1921 – Jenny Twitchell Kempton , American opera singer and educator (b. 1835)[185]
1936 – Francis Bell , New Zealand lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851)[186]
1938 – Clarence Darrow , American lawyer and author (b. 1857)[187]
1943 – Stephen Vincent Benét , American poet, short story writer, and novelist (b. 1898)[188]
1946 – Werner von Blomberg , German field marshal (b. 1878)[189]
1962 – Anne Acheson , Irish sculptor (d. 1882)[190]
1965 – Vittorio Jano , Italian engineer (b. 1891)[191]
1965 – Fan Noli , Albanian-American bishop and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1882)[192]
1971 – Rockwell Kent , American painter and illustrator (b. 1882)[193]
1972 – Tony Ray-Jones , English photographer (b. 1941)[194]
1975 – Ivo Andrić , Yugoslav novelist, poet, and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)[195]
1976 – Ole Haugsrud , American sports executive (b. 1900)[196]
1983 – Paul Citroen , German-Dutch illustrator and educator (b. 1896)[197]
1990 – Bruno Bettelheim , Austrian-American psychologist and author (b. 1903)[198]
1995 – Odette Hallowes , French nurse and spy (b. 1912)[199]
1996 – Krzysztof Kieślowski , Polish director and screenwriter (b. 1941)[200]
1998 – Judge Dread , English singer-songwriter (b. 1945)[201]
1998 – Hans von Ohain , German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1911)[202]
1999 – Lee Falk , American cartoonist, director, and producer (b. 1911)[203]
1999 – Garson Kanin , American director and screenwriter (b. 1912)[204]
2001 – John A. Alonzo , American actor and cinematographer (b. 1934)[205]
2001 – Encarnacion Alzona , Filipino historian and educator (b. 1895)[206]
2002 – Hans-Georg Gadamer , German philosopher and scholar (b. 1900)[207]
2004 – Franz König , Austrian cardinal (b. 1905)[208]
2006 – Robert C. Baker , American businessman, invented the chicken nugget (b. 1921)[209]
2006 – Jimmy Johnstone , Scottish footballer (b. 1944)[210]
2006 – Maureen Stapleton , American actress (b. 1925)[211]
2007 – Arnold Skaaland , American wrestler and manager (b. 1925)[212]
2009 – Betsy Blair , American actress (b. 1923)[213]
2009 – Alan W. Livingston , American businessman (b. 1917)[214]
2010 – Jean Ferrat , French singer-songwriter (b. 1930)[215]
2011 – Rick Martin , Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1951)[216]
2014 – Reubin Askew , American sergeant, lawyer, and politician, 37th Governor of Florida (b. 1928)[217]
2014 – Edward Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond , Irish businessman and politician (b. 1944)[218]
2014 – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah , Sierra Leonean economist, lawyer, and politician, 3rd President of Sierra Leone (b. 1932)[219]
2014 – Icchokas Meras , Lithuanian-Israeli author and screenwriter (b. 1934)[220]
2015 – Al Rosen , American baseball player and manager (b. 1924)[221]
2016 – Hilary Putnam , American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist (b. 1926)[222]
2017 – Amy Krouse Rosenthal , American author (b. 1965)[223]
2018 – Emily Nasrallah , Lebanese writer and women's rights activist. (b. 1931)[224]
Holidays and observances [ ]
Christian feast days :
Ansovinus [225]
Gerald of Mayo [226]
James Theodore Holly (Episcopal Church (USA) )[227]
Nicephorus [228]
Roderick [225]
March 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Kasuga Matsuri (Kasuga Grand Shrine, Nara , Japan)[229]
National Elephant Day (Thailand) [230]
Africa Scout Day [231]
References [ ]
↑ Parker, Geoffrey (2014). Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II . Yale University Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-300-21044-6 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ Kaba, Lansiné (1981). "Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591-1612)". The Journal of African History . 22 (4): 457–475. doi :10.1017/S0021853700019861 . ISSN 0021-8537 . JSTOR 181298 . PMID 11632225 .
↑ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1995). The Founding of Harvard College . Harvard University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-674-31451-1 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ Jones, Grant D. (1998). The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom . Stanford University Press. p. xix. ISBN 978-0-8047-3522-3 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ "the battle of cartagena de indias,Jenkins Ear War" . www.grandesbatallas.es . Retrieved 2020-04-10 .
↑ Kamp, P. (1986). Dark Companions of Stars: Astrometric Commentary on the Lower End of the Main Sequence . Springer Science & Business Media. p. 281. ISBN 978-90-277-2270-6 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ Scott, Franklin Daniel (1988). Sweden, the Nation's History . SIU Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-8093-1489-8 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ "Quo Graviora" . March 13, 1826.
↑ Rudolf, Max; Rudolf, William (2001). A Musical Life: Writings and Letters . Pendragon Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-57647-038-1 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ Dill, Marshall (1970). Germany: A Modern History . University of Michigan Press. p. 105 . ISBN 978-0-472-07101-2 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 . march 13.
↑ "Additional Article of War, March 13, 1862" . www.freedmen.umd.edu . Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ 12.0 12.1 Rowley, Alison (10 January 2020). "Dark Tourism and the Death of Russian Emperor Alexander II, 1881–1891". The Historian . 79 (2): 229–255. doi :10.1111/hisn.12503 . S2CID 148924679 .
↑ Sandler, Stanley (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 459. ISBN 978-1-57607-344-5 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ Martin, Arthur Clive (1956). The Concentration Camps, 1900-1902: Facts Figures, and Fables . H. Timmins. p. 1. Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ Richards, Michael D.; Waibel, Paul R. (2014). Twentieth-Century Europe: A Brief History, 1900 to the Present . John Wiley & Sons. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-118-65138-4 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 .
↑ Hoyt, William Graves (December 1976). "W. H. Pickering's Planetary Predictions and the Discovery of Pluto". Isis . 67 (4): 551–564. doi :10.1086/351668 . PMID 794024 .
↑ Silber, William L. (July 2009). "Why Did FDR's Bank Holiday Succeed?" . Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review . 15 (1): 19–30. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2020 .
↑ Rubin, Arnon (2003). Facts and Fictions about the Rescue of the Polish Jewry During the Holocaust: Jewish welfare services in the occupied Poland . Tel Aviv University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-965-555-144-0 . Retrieved 22 February 2020 .
↑ Davidson, Phillip B. (1991). Vietnam at War: The History, 1946-1975 . Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-19-506792-7 . Retrieved 22 February 2020 .
↑ Bonachea, Ramon L. (2018). Cuban Insurrection 1952-1959 . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-52470-4 . Retrieved 22 February 2020 .
↑ Mansfield, Cheryl L. (9 January 2018). "Apollo 9" . NASA . NASA. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2020 .
↑ "Biography: Sir Eric Matthew Gairy | MGov" . www.mgovernance.net . Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020 .
↑ Langmead, Donald; Garnaut, Christine (2001). Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats . ABC-CLIO. p. 301 . ISBN 9781576071120 . Retrieved 11 March 2018 .
↑ "Search the Event Bibliography" . International Seismological Centre Online Event Bibliography . ISC. Retrieved 22 February 2020 .
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