Kosovo

For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation) and Kosova (disambiguation).

Republic of Kosovo Republika e Kosovës  (Albanian) Република Косово / Republika Kosovo  (Serbian)
Flag of Kosovo Flag Emblem of Kosovo Emblem
Anthem: Himni i Republikës së Kosovës "Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo" File:National Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo.ogg
Location in Europe Location in Europe
Status	Template:Unbulletedlist
Capital and largest city	Pristinaa 42°40′N 21°10′E Fatal error: The format of the coordinate could not be determined. Parsing failed.
Official languages	Albanian Serbian
Regional languages	Bosnian Turkish Romani
Ethnic groups (2019)	92% Albanians 4% Serbs 2% Bosniaks 1% Turks 1% Romani
Religion (2015)	95.6% Islam 3.7% Christianity 0.1% No religion 0.1% Others 0.1% Not stated
Demonym(s)	Kosovar, Kosovan
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Vjosa Osmani
• Prime Minister	Albin Kurti
• Chairman of the Assembly	Glauk Konjufca
Legislature	Assembly
Establishment
• Kosovo Vilayet	1877
• Treaty of London	1913
• Autonomous Province within Yugoslavia	31 January 1946
• Republic of Kosova	2 July 1990
• Kumanovo Agreement	9 June 1999
• UN Administration	10 June 1999
• Declaration of independence	17 February 2008
• End of Steering Group supervision	10 September 2012
• Brussels Agreement	19 April 2013
Area
• Total	10,887 km2 (4,203 sq mi)
• Water (%)	1.0
Population
• 2022 estimate	Neutral increase 1,806,279 (152nd)
• Density	159/km2 (411.8/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$27.66 billion (148th)
• Per capita	$15,620 (100th)
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$9.99 billion (155th)
• Per capita	$5,641 (104th)
Gini (2017)	Negative increase 29.0 low
HDI (2016)	0.742 high
Currency	Euro (€)b (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+383
ISO 3166 code	XK
Internet TLD	.xkc (proposed)
Pristina is the official capital. Prizren is the historic capital of Kosovo. The Euro is the official currency in Kosovo even though Kosovo is not a formal member of the eurozone. The Serbian Dinar is sometimes accepted in Serb-majority areas. XK is a "user assigned" ISO 3166 code not designated by the standard, but used by the European Commission, Switzerland, the Deutsche Bundesbank and other organisations. However, ISO 3166-2:RS-KM remains in use.

Kosovo (Albanian: Kosova Template:IPA-sq; Template:Lang-sr-Cyrl Template:IPA-sr), officially the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Template:Lang-sr), is a country in Southeast Europe with partial diplomatic recognition. Kosovo lies landlocked in the centre of the Balkans, bordered by Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, Albania to the southwest, and Montenegro to the west. Most of central Kosovo is dominated by the vast plains and fields of Metohija and the Kosovo field. The Accursed Mountains and Šar Mountains rise in the southwest and southeast, respectively. Its capital and largest city is Pristina.

The Dardani tribe emerged in Kosovo and established the Kingdom of Dardania in the 4th century BC. It was later annexed by the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC. The territory remained in the Byzantine Empire, facing Slavic invasions from the 6th-7th century AD. Control shifted between the Byzantines and the First Bulgarian Empire. In the 13th century, Kosovo became integral to the Serbian medieval state and the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Ottoman expansion in the Balkans in the late 14th and 15th century led to the decline and fall of the Serbian Empire; the Battle of Kosovo of 1389 is considered to be one of the defining moments. The Ottoman Empire fully conquered Kosovo after the Second Battle of Kosovo, ruling for nearly five centuries until 1912. Kosovo was the center of the Albanian Renaissance and experienced the Albanian revolts of 1910 and 1912. After the Balkan Wars, it was ceded to Serbia and Montenegro and became an Autonomous Province within Yugoslavia. Tensions between Kosovo's Albanian and Serb communities simmered through the 20th century and occasionally erupted into major violence, culminating in the Kosovo War of 1998 and 1999, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Yugoslav army and the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.

Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, and has since gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by member states of the United Nations. Although Serbia does not officially recognise Kosovo as a sovereign state and continues to claim it as its constituent Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, it accepts the governing authority of the Kosovo institutions as a part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement.

Kosovo is a developing country, with an upper-middle-income economy. It has experienced solid economic growth over the last decade as measured by international financial institutions since the onset of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, EBRD, Venice Commission, the International Olympic Committee, and has applied for membership in the Council of Europe, UNESCO, Interpol, and for observer status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. In December 2022, Kosovo filed a formal application to become a member of the European Union.

Name

Main article: Names of Kosovo

File:Dardanian Kingdom (late 3rd century BC).png

Kingdom of Dardania in the 3rd century BCE.

The entire region that today corresponds to the territory is commonly referred to in English simply as Kosovo and in Albanian as Kosova (definite form, Template:IPA-sq) or Kosovë ("indefinite" form, Template:IPA-sq). In Serbia, a formal distinction is made between the eastern and western areas; the term Kosovo (Косово) is used for the eastern part centred on the historical Kosovo Field, while the western part is called Metohija (known as Dukagjini in Albanian).

Kosovo (Template:Lang-sr-Cyrl, Template:IPA-sr) is the Serbian neuter possessive adjective of kos (кос) "blackbird", an ellipsis for Kosovo Polje, 'blackbird field', the name of a plain situated in the eastern half of today's Kosovo and the site of the 1389 Battle of Kosovo Field. The name of the plain was applied to the Kosovo Province created in 1864.

Albanians also refer to Kosovo as Dardania, the name of an ancient kingdom and later Roman province, which covered the territory of modern-day Kosovo. The name is dervied from the ancient tribe of the Dardani, which is considered be related to the Proto-Albanian term dardā, which means "pear" (Modern Albanian: dardhë). The former Kosovo President Ibrahim Rugova had been an enthusiastic backer of a "Dardanian" identity, and the Kosovar presidential flag and seal refer to this national identity. However, the name "Kosova" remains more widely used among the Albanian population. In recent years, the flag of Dardania has gained official status (Presidential seal and standard) and is heavily featured in the institution of the presidency.

The current borders of Kosovo were drawn while part of Yugoslavia in 1945, when the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija (1945–1963) was created as an administrative division of the new People's Republic of Serbia. In 1963, it was raised from the level of an autonomous region to the level of an autonomous province as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (1963–1968). In 1968, the dual name "Kosovo and Metohija" was reduced to a simple "Kosovo" in the name of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo. In 1990, the province was renamed the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.

The official conventional long name of the state is Republic of Kosovo, as defined by the Constitution of Kosovo, and is used to represent Kosovo internationally. Additionally, as a result of an arrangement agreed between Pristina and Belgrade in talks mediated by the European Union, Kosovo has participated in some international forums and organizations under the title "Kosovo*" with a footnote stating, "This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSC 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence". This arrangement, which has been dubbed the "asterisk agreement", was agreed in an 11-point arrangement on 24 February 2012.

See also

• List of Kosovo Albanians
• Outline of Kosovo
• Partition of Albania

References

Sources

• Cocozelli, Fred (2016). "The Serbs of Kosovo". In Ramet, Sabrina (ed.). Ethnic Minorities and Politics in Post-Socialist Southeastern Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316982778.

• Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521815390.

• Herscher, Andrew (2010). Violence taking place: The architecture of the Kosovo conflict. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804769358.

• Lellio, Anna Di (2006), The case for Kosova: passage to independence, Anthem Press, ISBN 978-1-84331-229-1
• Elsie, Robert (2004), Historical Dictionary of Kosova, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-5309-6
• Malcolm, Noel (1998), Kosovo: A Short History, Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-333-66612-8
• Papazoglu, Fanula (1978). The Central Balkan Tribes in pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians. Amsterdam: Hakkert. p. 131. ISBN 9789025607937.

• Teichner, Felix (2015). "Ulpiana - Iustiniana secunda (Kosovo) : das urbane Zentrum des dardanischen Bergbaubezirks". Ephemeris Napocensis. 25.

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Kosovo

• President of Kosovo – (in Albanian)
• Prime Minister of Kosovo – (in Albanian)
• Parliament of Kosovo – (in Albanian)
• EULEX – (in English)
• Kosovo at The World Factbook by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Template:Kosovo topics

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