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June 6 is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 208 days remain until the end of the year.

The date is most famously associated with D-Day on Tuesday, 6 June 1944, when the Western Allies carried out landing and airborne operations in Normandy to begin Operation Overlord during World War II. D-Day (codenamed Operation Neptune) was the largest seaborne invasion in history. It began the liberation of German-occupied France to lay the foundations of Allied victory over Nazi Germany, finally achieved in May 1945.

Events[]

pre-20th century[]

  • 0913Constantine VII, the 8-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed by Constantine's uncle Alexander III on his deathbed.[1]
  • 1513Battle of Novara. In the Italian Wars, Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille, forcing them to abandon Milan; Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.[2]
  • 1523 – Swedish regent Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden and, marking a symbolic end to the Kalmar Union, 6 June is designated the country's national day.[3][4]
  • 1762 – In the Seven Years' War, British forces begin the Siege of Havana and temporarily capture the city.[5]
  • 1813 – The Battle of Stoney Creek, considered a critical turning point in the War of 1812. A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force twice its size under William Winder and John Chandler.[6]
  • 1822Alexis St. Martin is accidentally shot in the stomach, leading to William Beaumont's studies on digestion.
  • 1832 – The June Rebellion in Paris is put down by the National Guard.
  • 1844 – The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London.[7]
  • 1844 – The Glaciarium, the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens.
  • 1859 – Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).
  • 1862American Civil War: Battle of Memphis: Union forces capture Memphis, Tennessee, from the Confederates.
  • 1882 – The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River.
  • 1889 – The Great Seattle Fire destroys all of downtown Seattle.
  • 1892 – The Chicago "L" elevated rail system begins operation.
  • 1894Governor Davis H. Waite orders the Colorado state militia to protect and support the miners engaged in the Cripple Creek miners' strike.

post-19th century[]

  • 1909 – French troops capture Abéché (in modern-day Chad) and install a puppet sultan in the Ouaddai Empire.
  • 1912 – The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska begins. It is the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.
  • 1916 – The death of Yuan Shikai marks the beginning of China's Warlord Era.
  • 1918World War I: Battle of Belleau Wood: The U.S. Marine Corps suffers its worst single day's casualties while attempting to recapture the wood at Château-Thierry.
  • 1933 – The first drive-in theater opens in Camden, New Jersey, United States.
  • 1934New Deal: The U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
  • 1942World War II: Battle of Midway. U.S. Navy dive bombers sink the Japanese cruiser Mikuma and four Japanese carriers.
  • 1944 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Normandy—codenamed Operation Overlord—begins with the execution of Operation Neptune (commonly referred to as D-Day), the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
  • 1946 – The Basketball Association of America is founded in New York City; the BAA was the precursor to the modern National Basketball Association.
  • 1954 – The grand opening of the sculpture of Yuriy Dolgorukiy took place in Moscow. This statue is one of the main monuments of Moscow.
  • 1964 – Under a temporary order, the rocket launches at Cuxhaven, Germany are terminated. They never resume.
  • 1971Soyuz program: Soyuz 11 is launched.
  • 1974 – A new Instrument of Government is promulgated making Sweden a parliamentary monarchy.
  • 1982 – The Lebanon War begins. Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon during Operation Peace for the Galilee, eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.
  • 1985 – The grave of "Wolfgang Gerhard" is opened in Embu, Brazil; the exhumed remains are later proven to be those of Josef Mengele, Auschwitz's "Angel of Death"; Mengele is thought to have drowned while swimming in February 1979.
  • 1993Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat wins the first presidential election in Mongolia.
  • 2002Eastern Mediterranean event. A near-Earth asteroid estimated at ten meters in diameter explodes over the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Libya. The explosion is estimated to have a force of 26 kilotons, slightly more powerful than the Nagasaki atomic bomb.
  • 2004Tamil is established as a "classical language" by the President of India, Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Indian Parliament.

Births[]

pre-19th century[]

  • 1236Wen Tianxiang, Chinese general and scholar (d. 1283)
  • 1243Alix of Brittany, Dame de Pontarcy, Breton noble (d. 1288)
  • 1296Wladyslaw of Legnica (d. 1352)
  • 1436Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller von Königsberg), German mathematician, astronomer, and bishop (d. 1476)[8][9]
  • 1519Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (d. 1603)[10]
  • 1539Catherine Vasa, Regent of East Frisia (d. 1610)
  • 1556Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English politician and diplomat (d. 1625)
  • 1580Godefroy Wendelin, Belgian astronomer and author (d. 1667)
  • 1584Yuan Chonghuan, politician, military general and writer (d. 1630)
  • 1599Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter and educator (d. 1660)
  • 1606Pierre Corneille, French playwright and producer (d. 1684)
  • 1622Claude-Jean Allouez, French-American missionary and explorer (d. 1689)
  • 1646Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (d. 1699)
  • 1661Giacomo Antonio Perti, Italian composer and educator (d. 1756)
  • 1699Johann Georg Estor, German historian and theorist (d. 1773)
  • 1714Joseph I of Portugal (d. 1777)
  • 1735Anton Schweitzer, German composer (d. 1787)
  • 1755Nathan Hale, American soldier (d. 1776)
  • 1756John Trumbull, American soldier and painter (d. 1843)
  • 1772Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (d. 1807)
  • 1799Alexander Pushkin, Russian author and poet (d. 1837)

19th century[]

  • 1807Thi?u Tr?, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1847)
  • 1810Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin, German philologist and scholar (d. 1856)
  • 1829Honinbo Shusaku, Japanese Go player (d. 1862)
  • 1841Eliza Orzeszkowa, Polish author and publisher (d. 1910)
  • 1844Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter and academic (d. 1905)
  • 1850Karl Ferdinand Braun, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
  • 1857Aleksandr Lyapunov, Russian mathematician and physicist (d. 1918)
  • 1862Henry Newbolt, English historian, author, and poet (d. 1938)
  • 1867David T. Abercrombie, American surveyor and businessman, founded Abercrombie & Fitch (d. 1931)
  • 1868Robert Falcon Scott, English sailor and explorer (d. 1912)
  • 1872Alix of Hesse, German princess and Russian empress (d. 1918)
  • 1875Thomas Mann, German author and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
  • 1878Vincent de Moro-Giafferi, French lawyer and politician (d. 1956)
  • 1884Jock Hutchison, Scottish-American golfer (d. 1977)
  • 1890Ted Lewis, American singer, clarinet player, and bandleader (d. 1971)
  • 1891Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, Indian author and academic (d. 1986)
  • 1891 – Erich Marcks, German general (d. 1944)
  • 1896Henry Allingham, English World War I soldier and supercentenarian (d. 2009).[11]
  • 1896 – Italo Balbo, Italian air marshal and politician (d. 1940)
  • 1898Walter Abel, American actor (d. 1987)
  • 1898 – Jacobus Johannes Fouché, South African politician, 2nd State President of South Africa (d. 1980)
  • 1898 – Ninette de Valois, English ballerina, choreographer, and director (d. 2001)
  • 1900Manfred Sakel, Ukrainian-American psychiatrist and physician (d. 1957)

1901–1930[]

  • 1901Jan Struther, English author and hymnwriter (d. 1953)
  • 1901 – Sukarno, Indonesian engineer and politician, 1st President of Indonesia (d. 1970)
  • 1902Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 1947)
  • 1903Aram Khachaturian, Armenian composer and conductor (d. 1978)
  • 1903 – Bakht Singh, Indian evangelist, well-known bible teacher and preacher (d. 2000)
  • 1906Max August Zorn, German mathematician and academic (d. 1993)
  • 1907Bill Dickey, American baseball player and manager (d. 1993)
  • 1907 – Robin Humphreys, British scholar of Latin America (d. 1999)
  • 1908Giovanni Bracco, Italian race car driver (d. 1968)
  • 1909Isaiah Berlin, Latvian-English historian and philosopher (d. 1997)
  • 1913Carlo L. Golino, Italian-American author, critic, and academic (d. 1991)
  • 1915Vincent Persichetti, American pianist and composer (d. 1987)
  • 1916Hamani Diori, Nigerien academic and politician, 1st President of Niger (d. 1989)
  • 1917Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman, founded the Tracinda Corporation (d. 2015)
  • 1918Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
  • 1919Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, English army officer and politician, 6th Secretary General of NATO (d. 2018)
  • 1923V. C. Andrews, American author, illustrator, and painter (d. 1986)
  • 1923 – Jean Pouliot, Canadian broadcaster (d. 2004)
  • 1925Maxine Kumin, American poet and author (d. 2014)
  • 1925 – Frank Chee Willeto, American soldier and politician, 4th Vice President of the Navajo Nation (d. 2013)
  • 1926Torsten Andersson, Swedish painter and illustrator (d. 2009)
  • 1926 – Erdal Inönü, Turkish physicist and politician, Prime Minister of Turkey (d. 2007)
  • 1926 – Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (d. 1998)
  • 1929James Barnor, Ghanaian photographer[12][13]
  • 1929 – Sunil Dutt, Indian actor, director, producer, and politician (d. 2005)[14]
  • 1930Frank Tyson, English-Australian cricketer, coach and journalist (d. 2015)[15]

1931–1945[]

File:John Carlos, Tommie Smith 1968.jpg

Tommie Smith, born 6 June 1944, at the 1968 Olympic medal ceremony where he and John Carlos (behind) protested against racism.

  • 1932David Scott, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut
  • 1932 – Billie Whitelaw, English actress (d. 2014)
  • 1933Eli Broad, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded KB Home
  • 1933 – Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
  • 1934Albert II of Belgium
  • 1935Jon Henricks, Australian swimmer; winner of two Olympic gold medals in 1956.[16]
  • 1936Mompati Merafhe, Botswana general and politician, Vice-President of Botswana (d. 2015)
  • 1936 – D. Ramanaidu, Indian actor, director, and producer, founded Suresh Productions (d. 2015)
  • 1936 – Levi Stubbs, American singer (d. 2008)[17]
  • 1938Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza
  • 1938 – Ryuchi Matsuda, Japanese martial artist and author (d. 2013)
  • 1939Louis Andriessen, Dutch pianist and composer
  • 1939 – Gary U.S. Bonds, American singer-songwriter
  • 1939 – Eddie Giacomin, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster
  • 1940Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya, Indian-English engineer and academic (d. 2019)
  • 1940 – Willie John McBride, Northern Irish rugby player, coach, and manager
  • 1941Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-American journalist and author (d. 2012)
  • 1943José de Jesús Gudiño Pelayo, Mexican lawyer and jurist (d. 2010)
  • 1943 – Richard Smalley, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
  • 1943 – Joe Stampley, American country music singer-songwriter
  • 1944Monty Alexander, Jamaican jazz pianist.[18]
  • 1944 – Phillip Allen Sharp, American molecular biologist; 1993 Nobel Prize laureate (Physiology or Medicine).[19]
  • 1944 – Tommie Smith, American sprinter and football player; winner of 1968 Olympic 200m gold medal in a world record time.[20]

1946–2000[]

  • 1946Tony Levin, American bass player and songwriter.[21]
  • 1947David Blunkett, British Labour politician; Home Secretary 2001–2004.[22]
  • 1947 – Robert Englund, American actor; best known for Nightmare on Elm Street.[23]
  • 1947 – Ada Kok, Dutch butterfly stroke swimmer; winner of three Olympic medals including gold in 1968.[24]
  • 1948Arlene Harris, American entrepreneur, inventor, investor and policy advocate.[25]
  • 1949Holly Near, American folk singer and songwriter.[26]
  • 1954Harvey Fierstein, American actor and playwright; twice a winner at the Tony Awards.[27]
  • 1954 – Wladyslaw Zmuda, Polish footballer and manager; 91 caps for Poland and voted Best Young Player at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.[28]
  • 1955Sam Simon, American director, producer and screenwriter; co-developer of The Simpsons (d. 2015).[29]
  • 1956Björn Borg, Swedish tennis player; winner of eleven Grand Slam singles titles including five consecutive Wimbledons.[30]
  • 1972Natalie Morales, American television journalist and NBC News anchor.[31]

Deaths[]

pre-18th century[]

  • 0184Qiao Xuan, Chinese official (b. c. 110).[32]
  • 0863Abu Musa Utamish, vizier to the Abbasid Caliphate.[33]
  • 0913Alexander III, Byzantine emperor (b. 870).[34]
  • 1097Agnes of Aquitaine, Queen of Aragon and Navarre
  • 1134Norbert of Xanten, German bishop and saint (b. 1060)
  • 1217Henry I, King of Castile and Toledo (b. 1204)
  • 1237John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
  • 1251William III of Dampierre, Count of Flanders
  • 1252Robert Passelewe, Bishop of Chichester
  • 1333William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (b. 1312)
  • 1393Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan (b. 1359)
  • 1480Vecchietta, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect (b. 1412)
  • 1548João de Castro, Portuguese soldier and politician, Governor of Portuguese India (b. 1500)
  • 1561Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, Italian painter (b. 1483)
  • 1583Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese daimyo (b. 1556)
  • 1659Nadira Banu Begum, Mughal princess (b. 1618)
  • 1661Martino Martini, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1614)

1701–1900[]

  • 1730Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, French general (b. 1646)
  • 1740Alexander Spotswood, Moroccan-American colonial and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia (b. 1676)
  • 1784Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol, Dutch politician (b. 1741)
  • 1799Patrick Henry, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Virginia (b. 1736)
  • 1813Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect, designed the Hôtel de Mademoiselle de Condé (b. 1739)
  • 1813 – Antonio Cachia, Maltese architect, engineer and archaeologist (b. 1739)
  • 1832Jeremy Bentham, English jurist and philosopher (b. 1748)
  • 1840Marcellin Champagnat, French priest and saint, founded the Marist Brothers (b. 1789)
  • 1843Friedrich Hölderlin, German poet and author (b. 1770)
  • 1861Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Italian politician, 1st Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1810)
  • 1862Turner Ashby, American colonel (b. 1828)
  • 1865William Quantrill, American captain (b. 1837)
  • 1878Robert Stirling, Scottish minister and engineer, invented the stirling engine (b. 1790)
  • 1881Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian violinist and composer (b. 1820)
  • 1883Ciprian Porumbescu, Romanian composer and poet (b. 1853)
  • 1891John A. Macdonald, Scottish-Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1815)

1901–1950[]

  • 1916Yuan Shikai, Chinese general and politician, 2nd President of the Republic of China (b. 1859)
  • 1922Lillian Russell, American actress and singer (b. 1860)
  • 1924William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, Irish businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of Belfast (b. 1847)
  • 1934Julije Kempf, Croatian historian and author (b. 1864)
  • 1935Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, English field marshal and politician, 12th Governor-General of Canada (b. 1862)
  • 1941Louis Chevrolet, Swiss-American race car driver and businessman, founded Chevrolet and Frontenac Motor Corporation (b. 1878)
  • 1943Pandelis Pouliopoulos, Greek politician (b. 1900)
  • 1946Gerhart Hauptmann, German novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
  • 1947James Agate, English author and critic (b. 1877)
  • 1948Louis Lumière, French director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1864)

1951–2000[]

  • 1951Olive Tell, American actress (b. 1894)
  • 1954Fritz Kasparek, Austrian mountaineer and author (b. 1910)
  • 1955Max Meldrum, Scottish-Australian painter and educator (b. 1875)
  • 1961Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (b. 1875)
  • 1962Yves Klein, French painter (b. 1928)
  • 1962 – Tom Phillis, Australian motorcycle racer (b. 1934)
  • 1963William Baziotes, American painter and academic (b. 1912)
  • 1968Randolph Churchill, English journalist and politician (b. 1911)
  • 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 64th United States Attorney General (b. 1925)
  • 1968 – Kâzim Özalp, Turkish general and politician, 3rd Turkish Minister of National Defence (b. 1880)
  • 1975Larry Blyden, American actor (b. 1925)
  • 1976J. Paul Getty, American businessman, founded the Getty Oil Company (b. 1892)
  • 1979Jack Haley, American actor (b. 1897)
  • 1980Ruth Aarons, American table tennis player and manager (b. 1918)
  • 1982Kenneth Rexroth, American poet and academic (b. 1905)
  • 1983Hans Leip, German author, poet, and playwright (b. 1893)
  • 1984A. Bertram Chandler, English-Australian soldier and author (b. 1912)
  • 1991Stan Getz, American saxophonist and jazz innovator (b. 1927)[35][36]
  • 1994Barry Sullivan, American film actor (b. 1912)[37]
  • 1996George Davis Snell, American geneticist and immunologist; awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 for his studies of histocompatibility (b. 1903)[38]

21st century[]

  • 2005Anne Bancroft, American film actress; winner of the 1963 Academy Award for Best Actress for The Miracle Worker (b. 1931)[39]
  • 2006 – Billy Preston, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (b. 1946)[40]
  • 2009Jean Dausset, French-Spanish immunologist and academic; awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his studies of the genetic basis of immunological reaction (b. 1916)[41]
  • 2012Vladimir Krutov, Russian ice hockey player; together with Igor Larionov and Sergei Makarov, formed the famed KLM Line. (b. 1960)[42][43]
  • 2013Jerome Karle, American crystallographer and academic; awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research into the molecular structure of chemical compounds (b. 1918)[44]
  • 2013 – Esther Williams, American swimmer and actress (b. 1921)[45]
  • 2014Lorna Wing, English psychiatrist and physician; pioneered studies of autism (b. 1928)[46]
  • 2015Vincent Bugliosi, American lawyer and author; prosecuting attorney in the Tate–LaBianca murders case (b. 1934)[47]
  • 2015 – Ludvík Vaculík, Czech journalist and author; noted for The Two Thousand Words which inspired the Prague Spring (b. 1926)[48]
  • 2016Viktor Korchnoi, Russian chess grandmaster; arguably the best player never to become World Chess Champion (b. 1931)[49]
  • 2016 – Peter Shaffer, English playwright and screenwriter; works included Equus and Amadeus (b. 1926)[50]

Holidays and observances[]

File:Vitrail St-Nicolas-de-Port 02.jpg

6 June is the feast day of St Claude

Christian feast days[]

Further information: June 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • St Claude[51]
  • Ini Kopuria (Church of England, Episcopal Church, Anglican Church of Melanesia)[52]
  • St Marcellin Champagnat[53]
  • St Norbert[54]

Others[]

  • D-Day Invasion Anniversary.[55]
  • Engineer's Day in Taiwan.[56]
  • Korean Children's Union Foundation Day in North Korea.[57]
  • Memorial Day in South Korea.[58]
  • National Day of Sweden, marking the end of the Danish-ruled Kalmar Union.[4]
  • National Huntington's Disease Awareness Day in the USA.[59]
  • Queensland Day.[60]
  • UN Russian Language Day.[61]

References[]

  1. Grierson, Philip (1973). Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: Leo III to Nicephorus III, 717–1801. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. p. 526. ISBN 978-08-84020-45-5.
  2. Delbrück, Hans (1990). The Dawn of Modern Warfare. Omaha: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 78–81. ISBN 978-08-03265-86-8.
  3. Paul Douglas Lockhart (13 February 2004). Sweden in the Seventeenth Century. London: Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 6. ISBN 978-02-30802-55-1.
  4. 4.0 4.1 "Sveriges nationaldag". Stockholm: Nordis Kamuseet. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  5. Pocock, Tom (1998). Battle for Empire: the very first world war 1756–1763. London: Michael O'Mara Books Ltd. pp. 217–218. ISBN 978-18-54793-32-4.
  6. "Battle of Stoney Creek National Historic Site of Canada". Ottawa: Parks Canada. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  7. "YMCA History". World YMCA. Vernier, Switzerland: World Alliance of YMCAs. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  8. Chambers's Encyclopædia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People. Edinburgh: W. and R. Chambers. 1876. p. 167.
  9. "Regiomontanus". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  10. "Andrea Cesalpino". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  11. "Henry William Allingham, 6 June 1896 – 18 July 2009". BBC Radio 4. London: BBC. 19 July 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  12. Naidoo, Riason Naidoo (21 June 2019), "Photographer James Barnor – Ever Young at 90", Mail & Guardian.
  13. "James Barnor", Serpentine Galleries.
  14. Kumar, Shiv (25 May 2005). "Sunil Dutt is no more". The Tribune.
  15. "Frank Tyson". London: ESPN Sports Media Ltd. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  16. "Jon Henricks". Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  17. Maynard, Micheline (17 October 2008), "Levi Stubbs, 72, Powerful Voice for Four Tops, Dies", The New York Times.
  18. Rinzler, Paul (2002). "Alexander, Monty". The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, vol. 1. New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. p. 28. ISBN 978-15-61592-84-5.
  19. "Phillip A. Sharp". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  20. "Tommie Smith". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  21. Ankeny, Jason. "Tony Levin". AllMusic. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  22. "David Blunkett". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  23. Rose, Mike (6 June 2020). "Today's famous birthdays". Cleveland, Ohio: Advance Local Media LLC. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  24. "Happy Birthday To A Butterfly Legend". Woodbridge, Ontario: Swim News Publishing Inc. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  25. "Arlene Joy Harris profile". Los Angeles: California Birth Records. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  26. Deming, Mark. "Holly Near". AllMusic. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  27. "Harvey Fierstein". Jewish Virtual Library. 6 June 1954. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  28. "Wladyslaw Zmuda". Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  29. Carlson, Michael (9 March 2015). "Sam Simon obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  30. "Björn Borg". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  31. Fuller, Bonnie. "Natalie Morales". HollywoodLife. Los Angeles. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  32. (???????,??????) Houhanshu, vol. 51. This recorded that Qiao Xuan died in the 6th year of the Guanghe era (178–184) of Emperor Ling's reign at the age of 75 (by East Asian age reckoning). By calculation, his birth year should be around 109. However, a tablet Cai Yong wrote for Qiao Xuan stated that Qiao Xuan died on 6 June 184.
  33. Gordon, Matthew S. (2001). The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra (A.H. 200–275 / 815–889 C.E.). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-07-91447-95-6.
  34. Hupchick, Dennis P. (2017). The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies. New York: Springer Publishing. p. 169. ISBN 978-33-19562-06-3.
  35. "Stan Getz". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  36. Watrous, Peter (8 June 1991). "Stan Getz, 64, Jazz Innovator on Saxophone, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  37. Shipman, David (11 June 1994). "Obituary: Barry Sullivan". The Independent. London. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  38. "George Davis Snell". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  39. "Anne Bancroft". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edinburgh. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
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