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July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 178 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

  • 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.[1]
  • 640Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt).
  • 1253Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania.
  • 1348Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death.
  • 1411Ming China's Admiral Zheng He returns to Nanjing after the third treasure voyage and presents the Sinhalese king, captured during the Ming–Kotte War, to the Yongle Emperor.
  • 1415Jan Hus is condemned by the assembly of the council in the cathedral as a heretic and sentenced to be burned at the stake. (See Deaths section.)[2]
  • 1438 – A temporary compromise between the rebellious Transylvanian peasants and the noblemen is signed in Kolozsmonostor Abbey.
  • 1483Richard III is crowned King of England.
  • 1484 – Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of the Congo River.
  • 1495First Italian War: Battle of Fornovo: Charles VIII defeats the Holy League.
  • 1535 – Sir Thomas More is executed for treason against King Henry VIII of England.
  • 1557King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually resulted in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.
  • 1560 – The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by Scotland and England.
  • 1573Córdoba, Argentina, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
  • 1573 – French Wars of Religion: Siege of La Rochelle ends.
  • 1614Raid on Żejtun: The south east of Malta, and the town of Żejtun, suffer a raid from Ottoman forces. This was the last unsuccessful attempt by the Ottomans to conquer the island of Malta.
  • 1630Thirty Years' War: Four thousand Swedish troops under Gustavus Adolphus land in Pomerania, Germany.
  • 1685Battle of Sedgemoor: Last battle of the Monmouth Rebellion. troops of King James II defeat troops of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.
  • 1751Pope Benedict XIV suppresses the Patriarchate of Aquileia and establishes from its territory the Archdiocese of Udine and Gorizia.
  • 1777American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Ticonderoga: After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.
  • 1779Battle of Grenada: The French defeat British naval forces during the American Revolutionary War.
  • 1801First Battle of Algeciras: Outnumbered French Navy ships defeat the Royal Navy in the fortified Spanish port of Algeciras.
  • 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Wagram; France defeats the Austrian army in the largest battle to date of the Napoleonic Wars.
  • 1854 – In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
  • 1885Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies on Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
  • 1887David Kalākaua, monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, which transfers much of the king's authority to the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
  • 1892 – Three thousand eight hundred striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with Pinkerton agents during the Homestead Strike, leaving ten dead and dozens wounded.
  • 1917World War I: Arabian troops led by T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") and Auda ibu Tayi capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire during the Arab Revolt.
  • 1918 – The Left SR uprising in Russia starts with the assassination of German ambassador Wilhelm von Mirbach by Cheka members.
  • 1919 – The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship.
  • 1933 – The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played in Chicago's Comiskey Park. The American League defeated the National League 4–2.
  • 1936 – A major breach of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in England sends millions of gallons of water cascading 200 feet (61 m) into the River Irwell.
  • 1937Spanish Civil War: Battle of Brunete: The battle begins with Spanish Republican troops going on the offensive against the Nationalists to relieve pressure on Madrid.
  • 1939Anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany closes the last remaining Jewish enterprises.
  • 1940Story Bridge, a major landmark in Brisbane, as well as Australia's longest cantilever bridge is formally opened.
  • 1941 – The German army launches its offensive to encircle several Soviet armies near Smolensk.
  • 1942Anne Frank and her family go into hiding in the "Secret Annexe" above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
  • 1944Jackie Robinson refuses to move to the back of a bus, leading to a court-martial.
  • 1944 – The Hartford circus fire, one of America's worst fire disasters, kills approximately 168 people and injures over 700 in Hartford, Connecticut.[3]
  • 1947Referendum held in Sylhet to decide its fate in the Partition of India.[4]
  • 1947 – The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.
  • 1957Althea Gibson wins the Wimbledon championships, becoming the first black athlete to do so.[5]
  • 1957 – John Lennon and Paul McCartney meet for the first time, as teenagers at Woolton Fete, three years before forming the Beatles.[6]
  • 1962 – As a part of Operation Plowshare, the Sedan nuclear test takes place.
  • 1962 – The Late Late Show, the world's longest-running chat show by the same broadcaster, airs on RTÉ One for the first time.
  • 1964Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
  • 1966 – Malawi becomes a republic, with Hastings Banda as its first President.
  • 1967Nigerian Civil War: Nigerian forces invade Biafra, beginning the war.
  • 1975 – The Comoros declares independence from France.
  • 1986Davis Phinney becomes the first American cyclist to win a road stage of the Tour de France.
  • 1988 – The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires. One hundred sixty-seven oil workers are killed, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster in terms of direct loss of life.
  • 1989 – The Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack: Sixteen bus passengers are killed when a member of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad took control of the bus and drove it over a cliff.
  • 1990 – The Electronic Frontier Foundation is founded.
  • 1995 – In the Bosnian War, under the command of General Ratko Mladić, Serbia begins its attack on the Bosnian town of Srebrenica.
  • 1997The Troubles: In response to the Drumcree dispute, five days of mass protests, riots and gun battles begin in Irish nationalist districts of Northern Ireland.
  • 1998Hong Kong International Airport opens in Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong, replacing Kai Tak Airport as the city's international airport.
  • 2003 – The 70-metre Yevpatoria Planetary Radar sends a METI message (Cosmic Call 2) to five stars: Hip 4872, HD 245409, 55 Cancri (HD 75732), HD 10307 and 47 Ursae Majoris (HD 95128). The messages will arrive to these stars in 2036, 2040, 2044, and 2049, respectively.
  • 2006 – The Nathu La pass between India and China, sealed during the Sino-Indian War, re-opens for trade after 44 years.
  • 2013 – At least 42 people are killed in a shooting at a school in Yobe State, Nigeria.
  • 2013 – A Boeing 777 operating as Asiana Airlines Flight 214 crashes at San Francisco International Airport, killing three and injuring 181 of the 307 people on board.
  • 2013 – A 73-car oil train derails in the town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec and explodes into flames, killing at least 47 people and destroying more than 30 buildings in the town's central area.

Births[]

  • 1387 – Queen Blanche I of Navarre (d. 1441)[7]
  • 1423Antonio Manetti, Italian mathematician and architect (d. 1497)[8]
  • 1580Johann Stobäus, German lute player and composer (d. 1646)[9]
  • 1623Jacopo Melani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1676)
  • 1678Nicola Francesco Haym, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1729)
  • 1686Antoine de Jussieu, French biologist and academic (d. 1758)
  • 1701Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist (d. 1785)[10][11]
  • 1736Daniel Morgan, American general and politician (d. 1802)
  • 1747John Paul Jones, Scottish-American captain (d. 1792)
  • 1766Alexander Wilson, Scottish-American poet, ornithologist, and illustrator (d. 1813)
  • 1781Stamford Raffles, English politician, founded Singapore (d. 1826)
  • 1782Maria Luisa of Spain (d. 1824)
  • 1785William Hooker, English botanist and academic (d. 1865)
  • 1789María Isabella of Spain (d. 1846)
  • 1796Nicholas I of Russia (d. 1855)[12]
  • 1797Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey (d. 1869)[13]
  • 1799Louisa Caroline Huggins Tuthill, American author (d. 1879)[14]
  • 1817Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (d. 1905)
  • 1818Adolf Anderssen, German chess player (d. 1879)
  • 1823Sophie Adlersparre, Swedish publisher, writer, and women's rights activist (d. 1895)[15]
  • 1829Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1880)
  • 1831Sylvester Pennoyer, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Oregon (d. 1902)
  • 1832Maximilian I of Mexico (d. 1867)
  • 1837R. G. Bhandarkar, Indian orientalist and scholar (d. 1925)
  • 1838Vatroslav Jagić, Croatian philologist and scholar (d. 1923)
  • 1840José María Velasco Gómez, Mexican painter and academic (d. 1912)
  • 1843John Downer, Australian politician, 16th Premier of South Australia (d. 1915)
  • 1856George Howard Earle, Jr., American lawyer and businessman (d. 1928)
  • 1858William Irvine, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Victoria (d. 1943)
  • 1865Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Swiss composer and educator (d. 1950)
  • 1868Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (d. 1935)
  • 1873Dimitrios Maximos, Greek banker and politician, 140th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1955)
  • 1877Arnaud Massy, French golfer (d. 1950)
  • 1878Eino Leino, Finnish poet and journalist (d. 1926)
  • 1883Godfrey Huggins, Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (d. 1971)
  • 1884Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, American businessman and sailor (d. 1970)
  • 1885Ernst Busch, German field marshal (d. 1945)
  • 1886Marc Bloch, French historian and academic (d. 1944)
  • 1887Marc Chagall, Belarusian-French painter and poet (d. 1985)
  • 1887 – Annette Kellerman, Australian swimmer and actress (d. 1975)
  • 1890Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Indian-American author and scholar (d. 1936)
  • 1892Will James, American author and illustrator (d. 1942)
  • 1897Richard Krautheimer, German-American historian and scholar (d. 1994)
  • 1898Hanns Eisler, German-Austrian soldier and composer (d. 1962)
  • 1899Susannah Mushatt Jones, American supercentarian (d. 2016)
  • 1900Frederica Sagor Maas, American author and screenwriter (d. 2012)
  • 1900 – Elfriede Wever, German Olympic runner (d. 1941)
  • 1903Hugo Theorell, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
  • 1904Robert Whitney, American conductor and composer (d. 1986)
  • 1904 – Erik Wickberg, Swedish 9th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1996)
  • 1905Juan O'Gorman, Mexican painter and architect (d. 1982)[16]
  • 1907Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator (d. 1954)
  • 1907 – George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian, and author, designed the flag of Canada (d. 2002)
  • 1908Anton Muttukumaru, Sri Lankan general and diplomat (d. 2001)
  • 1909Eric Reece, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of Tasmania (d. 1999)
  • 1910René Le Grèves, French cyclist (d. 1946)
  • 1911June Gale, American actress (d. 1996)
  • 1912Heinrich Harrer, Austrian geographer and mountaineer (d. 2006)
  • 1912 – Molly Yard, American feminist (d. 2005)
  • 1913Vance Trimble, American journalist and author
  • 1914Vince McMahon Sr., American wrestling promoter, founded WWE (d. 1984)
  • 1914 – Ernest Kirkendall, American chemist and metallurgist (d. 2005)
  • 1915Leonard Birchall, Royal Canadian Air Force pilot (d. 2004)
  • 1916Harold Norse, American poet and author (d. 2009)
  • 1916 – Don R. Christensen, American animator, cartoonist, illustrator, writer and inventor (d. 2006)
  • 1917Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand runner and coach (d. 2004)
  • 1918Sebastian Cabot, English-Canadian actor (d. 1977)
  • 1918 – Herm Fuetsch, American professional basketball player (d. 2010)
  • 1918 – Francisco Moncion, Dominican-American ballet dancer, charter member of the New York City Ballet (d.1995)
  • 1919Ernst Haefliger, Swiss tenor and educator (d. 2007)
  • 1919 – Edward Kenna, Australian Second World War recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 2009)
  • 1919 – Ray Dowker, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2004)
  • 1921Allan MacEachen, Canadian economist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2017)
  • 1921 – Billy Mauch, American actor (d. 2006)
  • 1921 – Bobby Mauch, American actor (d. 2007)
  • 1921 – Nancy Reagan, American actress and activist, 42nd First Lady of the United States (d. 2016)[17]
  • 1922William Schallert, American actor; president (1979–81) of the Screen Actors Guild (d. 2016)
  • 1923Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish general and politician, 1st President of Poland (d. 2014)
  • 1924Mahim Bora, Indian writer and educationist, recipients of the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour (d. 2016)
  • 1924Louie Bellson, American drummer, composer, and bandleader (d. 2009)
  • 1925Merv Griffin, American actor, singer, and producer, created Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! (d. 2007)
  • 1925 – Bill Haley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1981)
  • 1925 – Gazi Yaşargil, Turkish neurosurgeon and academic
  • 1926Sulev Vahtre, Estonian historian and academic (d. 2007)
  • 1926 – Armando Silvestre, Mexican-American actor
  • 1927Jan Hein Donner, Dutch chess player and journalist (d. 1988)
  • 1927 – Janet Leigh, American actress and author (d. 2004)
  • 1928Bernard Malgrange, French mathematician
  • 1929Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, French politician historian
  • 1930George Armstrong, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1930 – Ian Burgess, English racing driver (d. 2012)[18]
  • 1931Della Reese, American actress and singer (d. 2017)
  • 1931 – László Tábori, Hungarian runner and coach (d. 2018)
  • 1932Herman Hertzberger, Dutch architect and academic
  • 1935Candy Barr, American model, dancer, and actress (d. 2005)
  • 1935 – Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
  • 1936Dave Allen, Irish comedian, actor, and screenwriter (d. 2005)
  • 1937Vladimir Ashkenazy, Russian-Icelandic pianist and conductor
  • 1937 – Ned Beatty, American actor
  • 1937 – Gene Chandler, American singer-songwriter and producer
  • 1937 – Bessie Head, Botswanan writer [19]
  • 1937 – Michael Sata, Zambian police officer and politician, 5th President of Zambia (d. 2014)
  • 1939Jet Harris, English bass player (d. 2011)
  • 1939 – Mary Peters, English-Irish pentathlete and shot putter
  • 1939 – Bruce Hunter, American swimmer (d. 2018)
  • 1940Jeannie Seely, Grammy Award-winning country music singer-songwriter and Grand Ole Opry member
  • 1940Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakh politician, 1st President of Kazakhstan
  • 1941David Crystal, British linguist, author, and academic
  • 1941 – Reinhard Roder, German footballer and manager
  • 1943Tamara Sinyavskaya, Russian soprano
  • 1944Gunhild Hoffmeister, German runner
  • 1946George W. Bush, American businessman and politician, 43rd President of the United States[20]
  • 1946 – Fred Dryer, American football player and actor
  • 1946 – Peter Singer, Australian philosopher and academic
  • 1946 – Sylvester Stallone, American actor, director, and screenwriter
  • 1947Roy Señeres, Filipino diplomat and politician (d. 2016)
  • 1948Nathalie Baye, French actress
  • 1948 – Jean-Pierre Blackburn, Canadian academic and politician, 26th Canadian Minister of Veterans Affairs
  • 1948 – Brad Park, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
  • 1949Noli de Castro, Filipino journalist and politician, 14th Vice President of the Philippines
  • 1949 – Phyllis Hyman, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 1995)
  • 1949 – Michael Shrieve, American composer, drummer, and percussionist
  • 1950John Byrne, English-American author and illustrator
  • 1951Lorna Golding, Former First Lady of Jamaica
  • 1951 – Geoffrey Rush, Australian actor and producer
  • 1952Hilary Mantel, English author and critic[21]
  • 1953Nanci Griffith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1953 – Kaiser Kalambo, Zambian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
  • 1953 – Robert Ménard, French politician and former journalist
  • 1954Allyce Beasley, American actress
  • 1954 – Willie Randolph, American baseball player and manager
  • 1958Jennifer Saunders, English actress, comedian and screenwriter
  • 1959Richard Dacoury, French basketball player
  • 1960Maria Wasiak, Polish businesswoman and politician, Polish Minister of Infrastructure and Development
  • 1961Robin Antin, American dancer, choreographer, and businesswoman
  • 1962Todd Bennett, English runner and coach (d. 2013)
  • 1962 – Peter Hedges, American author, screenwriter, and director
  • 1967Heather Nova, Bermudian singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1970Inspectah Deck, American rapper and producer
  • 1970 – Martin Smith, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1972Daniel Andrews, Australian politician, 48th Premier of Victoria
  • 1972 – Laurent Gaudé, French author and playwright
  • 1972 – Greg Norton, American baseball player and coach
  • 1972 – Zhanna Pintusevich-Block, Ukrainian sprinter
  • 1974Zé Roberto, Brazilian footballer
  • 197550 Cent, American rapper, producer, and actor
  • 1975 – Sebastián Rulli, Argentine-Mexican actor and model
  • 1975 – Amir-Abbas Fakhravar, Iranian journalist and activist
  • 1976Rory Delap, English-Irish footballer
  • 1976 – Ioana Dumitriu, Romanian-American mathematician and academic
  • 1977Max Mirnyi, Belarusian tennis player
  • 1977 – Makhaya Ntini, South African cricketer
  • 1978Adam Busch, American actor, director, and producer
  • 1978 – Tamera Mowry, American actress and producer
  • 1978 – Tia Mowry, American actress and producer
  • 1978 – Kevin Senio, New Zealand rugby player
  • 1979Nic Cester, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1979 – Kevin Hart, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1980Joell Ortiz, American rapper
  • 1980 – Eva Green, French actress and model[22]
  • 1981Nnamdi Asomugha, American football player
  • 1981 – Roman Shirokov, Russian footballer
  • 1982Brandon Jacobs, American football player
  • 1982 – Misty Upham, American actress (d. 2014)[23]
  • 1983Gregory Smith, Canadian actor, director, and producer
  • 1984Zhang Hao, Chinese figure skater
  • 1985Ranveer Singh, Indian film actor[24]
  • 1986David Karp, American businessman, founded Tumblr
  • 1987Sophie Auster, American singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1987 – Manteo Mitchell, American runner
  • 1987 – Kate Nash, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
  • 1987 – Caroline Trentini, Brazilian model[25]
  • 1988Kevin Fickentscher, Swiss footballer
  • 1990Magaye Gueye, French footballer
  • 1992Manny Machado, Dominican-American baseball player[26]

Deaths[]

  • 371 BCCleombrotus I, Spartan king
  • 649Goar of Aquitaine, French bishop
  • 887Wang Chongrong, Chinese warlord
  • 918William I, duke of Aquitaine (b. 875)
  • 1017Genshin, Japanese scholar (b. 942)
  • 1070Godelieve, Flemish saint (b. 1049)
  • 1189Henry II, king of England (b. 1133)
  • 1218Odo III, duke of Burgundy (b. 1166)
  • 1249Alexander II, king of Scotland (b. 1198)
  • 1415Jan Hus, Czech priest, philosopher, and reformer (b. 1369)[2]
  • 1476Regiomontanus, German mathematician and astrologer (b. 1436)
  • 1480Antonio Squarcialupi, Italian composer (b. 1416)
  • 1533Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet and playwright (b. 1474)
  • 1535Thomas More, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1478)
  • 1553Edward VI, king of England and Ireland (b. 1537)
  • 1583Edmund Grindal, English archbishop (b. 1519)
  • 1585Thomas Aufield, English priest and martyr (b. 1552)
  • 1614Man Singh I, Rajput Raja of Amer (b. 1550)
  • 1684Peter Gunning, English bishop (b. 1614)
  • 1758George Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe, English general and politician (b. 1725)
  • 1768Conrad Beissel, German-American religious leader (b. 1690)
  • 1802Daniel Morgan, American general and politician (b. 1736)
  • 1809Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French general (b. 1775)
  • 1813Granville Sharp, English activist (b. 1735)
  • 1815Samuel Whitbread, English politician (b. 1764)
  • 1835John Marshall, American captain and politician, 4th United States Secretary of State (b. 1755)
  • 1854Georg Ohm, German physicist and mathematician (b. 1789)
  • 1868Harada Sanosuke, Japanese captain (b. 1840)
  • 1893Guy de Maupassant, French short story writer, novelist, and poet (b. 1850)
  • 1901Chlodwig Carl Viktor, German prince and chancellor (b. 1819)
  • 1902Maria Goretti, Italian martyr and saint (b. 1890)
  • 1904Abai Qunanbaiuly, Kazakh poet and philosopher (b. 1845)
  • 1907August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein, German linguist and theologian (b. 1826)
  • 1916Odilon Redon, French painter and illustrator (b. 1840)
  • 1918Wilhelm von Mirbach, German diplomat (b. 1871)
  • 1922Maria Teresia Ledóchowska, Polish-Austrian nun and missionary (b. 1863)
  • 1932Kenneth Grahame, Scottish-English author (b. 1859)
  • 1934Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian commander (b. 1888)
  • 1946Horace Pippin, American painter (b. 1888)
  • 1947Adolfo Müller-Ury, Swiss-American painter (b. 1862)
  • 1952Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 14th Premier of Quebec (b. 1867)
  • 1959George Grosz, German painter and illustrator (b. 1893)
  • 1960Aneurin Bevan, Welsh-English politician, Secretary of State for Health (b. 1897)
  • 1961Scott LaFaro, American bassist (b. 1936)
  • 1961 – Woodall Rodgers, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of Dallas (b. 1890)
  • 1962Paul Boffa, Maltese soldier and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1890)
  • 1962 – William Faulkner, American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
  • 1962 – Joseph August, archduke of Austria (b. 1872)
  • 1963George, duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1899)
  • 1964Claude V. Ricketts, American admiral (b. 1906)
  • 1966Sad Sam Jones, American baseball player and manager (b. 1892)
  • 1967Hilda Taba, Estonian architect and educator (b. 1902)
  • 1971Louis Armstrong, American singer and trumpet player (b. 1901)
  • 1973Otto Klemperer, German-American conductor and composer (b. 1885)
  • 1975Reşat Ekrem Koçu, Turkish historian, scholar, and poet (b. 1905)
  • 1976Zhu De, Chinese general and politician, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (b. 1886)
  • 1976 – Fritz Lenz, German geneticist and physician (b. 1887)
  • 1977Ödön Pártos, Hungarian-Israeli viola player and composer (b. 1907)
  • 1978Babe Paley, American socialite and fashion style icon (b. 1915)
  • 1979Van McCoy, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1940)
  • 1986Jagjivan Ram, Indian lawyer and politician, 4th Deputy Prime Minister of India (b. 1908)
  • 1989János Kádár, Hungarian mechanic and politician, Hungarian Minister of the Interior (b. 1912)
  • 1991Mudashiru Lawal, Nigerian footballer (b. 1954)
  • 1992Marsha P. Johnson, American drag queen performer and activist (b. 1945)
  • 1994Ahmet Haxhiu, Kosovan activist (b. 1932)
  • 1995Aziz Nesin, Turkish author and poet (b. 1915)
  • 1997Chetan Anand, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
  • 1998Roy Rogers, American cowboy, actor, and singer (b. 1911)
  • 1999Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish pianist and composer (b. 1901)
  • 2000Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1911)
  • 2002Dhirubhai Ambani, Indian businessman, founded Reliance Industries (b. 1932)
  • 2002 – John Frankenheimer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
  • 2003Buddy Ebsen, American actor, singer, and dancer (b. 1908)
  • 2003 – Çelik Gülersoy, Turkish lawyer, historical preservationist, writer and poet (b. 1930)
  • 2004Thomas Klestil, Austrian politician, 10th President of Austria (b. 1932)
  • 2004 – Syreeta Wright, American singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
  • 2005Ed McBain, American author and screenwriter (b. 1926)
  • 2005 – Claude Simon, Malagasy-French novelist and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)
  • 2006Kasey Rogers, American actress (b. 1925)
  • 2007Kathleen E. Woodiwiss, American author (b. 1939)
  • 2009Vasily Aksyonov, Russian author and academic (b. 1932)
  • 2009 – Robert McNamara, American businessman and politician, 8th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1916)
  • 2010Harvey Fuqua, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1929)
  • 2011Carly Hibberd, Australian road racing cyclist (b. 1985)[27]
  • 2012Hani al-Hassan, Palestinian engineer and politician (b. 1939)
  • 2013Lo Hsing Han, Burmese businessman, co-founded Asia World (b. 1935)
  • 2014Alan J. Dixon, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 34th Illinois Secretary of State (b. 1927)
  • 2015Jerry Weintraub, American film producer, and talent agent (b. 1937)
  • 2018Shoko Asahara, founder of Japanese cult group Aum Shinrikyo (b. 1955)[28]
  • 2019João Gilberto, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist, pioneer of bossa nova music style (b. 1931)[29]
  • 2020Charlie Daniels, American singer-songwriter, fiddle-player and guitarist (b. 1936)[30]
  • 2020 – Ennio Morricone, Italian composer, orchestrator, conductor, and trumpet player (b. 1928)[31]

Holidays and observances[]

  • The first day of San Fermín, which lasts until July 14. (Pamplona)
  • Christian feast day:
    • Maria Goretti
    • Romulus of Fiesole
    • July 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Constitution Day (Cayman Islands)
  • Day of the Capital (Kazakhstan)
  • Independence Day (Comoros), celebrates the independence of the Comoros from France in 1975.
  • Independence Day (Malawi), celebrates the independence of Malawi from United Kingdom in 1964.
  • International Kissing Day (informally observed)[32]
  • Jan Hus Day (Czech Republic)
  • Kupala Night (Poland, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine)
  • National Fried Chicken Day (United States)
  • Statehood Day (Lithuania)
  • Teachers' Day (Peru)

References[]

  1. Caspari, Maximilian (1911). "Leuctra" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 504.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Schaff, David Schley, John Huss: his life, teachings and death, after five hundred years, (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1915), p. 257
  3. Henry S. Cohn; David Bollier (1991). The Great Hartford Circus Fire: Creative Settlement of Mass Disasters. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05012-7.
  4. Chowdhury, Dewan Nurul Anwar Husain. "Sylhet Referendum, 1947". en.banglapedia.org. Banglapedia. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  5. Johnson Publishing Company (13 October 2003). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 51–. ISSN 0021-5996.
  6. Vincent Perez Benitez (2010). The Words and Music of Paul McCartney: The Solo Years. ABC-CLIO. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-0-313-34969-0.
  7. Anthony, Raoul: Identification et Etude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhumés dans la Cathédrale de Lescar, Paris, Masson, 1931
  8. Antonio Manetti (1970). The life of Brunelleschi. Pennsylvania State University Press.
  9. Robert Eitner. "Stobaeus, Johann". Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, S. 261 f. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  10. Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003, Vol. 1, p. 1065.
  11. "Lady Mary Tufton". The Peerage. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  12. The British Imperial Calendar, on General Register of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Its Colonies. Arthur Varenham. 1853. p. 93.
  13. Dod, Robert P. (1860). The Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Whitaker and Co. p. 89.
  14. Baym, Nina (1995). American women writers and the work of history, 1790-1860. Rutgers University Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-8135-2142-8.
  15. "K Sophie Adlersparre (f. Leijonhuvud) - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon". sok.riksarkivet.se. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  16. "Juan O'Gorman | Mexican architect and muralist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-07-07.
  17. "Nancy Reagan > Her Life & Times". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from the original on October 24, 2006. Retrieved September 22, 2007.
  18. "Latest Formula 1 Breaking News - Grandprix.com". www.grandprix.com.
  19. "Bessie Emery Head | South African novelist". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  20. Ahles, Dick (24 December 2000). "Bush's Birthplace? It's Deep in the Heart of . . . New Haven". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  21. "Hilary Mantel | Biography, Books, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  22. Godard, Agathe (29 August 1988). "Marlène et ses filles". Paris Match (in French).
  23. Harris M. Lentz III (30 April 2015). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2014. McFarland. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-7864-7666-4.
  24. "Ranveer Singh: Celeb Bio". Hindustan Times. HT Media Ltd. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  25. "Caroline Trentini". nymag.com. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
  26. Tammy Gagne. Manny Machado. Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-61228-513-9.
  27. "Aussie cyclist killed on Italian training ride". ABC News. Australian Associated Press. 6 July 2011. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  28. "Aum Shinrikyo: Japan executes cult leader Shoko Asahara". BBC News. July 6, 2018.
  29. "'Father of bossa nova' João Gilberto dies aged 88". July 7, 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
  30. Leimkuehler, Dave Paulson and Matthew. "Charlie Daniels, 'Devil Went Down to Georgia' singer, famed fiddler and outspoken star, dies at 83". The Tennessean.
  31. "Ennio Morricone morto nella notte a Roma: aveva 91 anni, si era rotto il femore. Celebrati funerali privati con famiglia e Tornatore". www.ilmessaggero.it.
  32. Kirshenbaum, Sheril (July 6, 2011). "International Kissing Day!" – via www.wired.com.

External links[]


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