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  2023 (Monday)
  2022 (Sunday)
  2021 (Saturday)
  2020 (Friday)
  2019 (Wednesday)
  2018 (Tuesday)
  2017 (Monday)
  2016 (Sunday)
  2015 (Friday)
  2014 (Thursday)

July 31 is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 153 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

  • 30 BCBattle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
  • 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era).
  • 1009Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.
  • 1201 – Attempted usurpation by John Komnenos the Fat for the throne of Alexios III Angelos.
  • 1423Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant: The French army is defeated by the English at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
  • 1451Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
  • 1492 – The Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
  • 1498 – On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
  • 1588 – The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
  • 1618Maurice, Prince of Orange disbands the waardgelders militia in Utrecht, a pivotal event in the Remonstrant/Counter-Remonstrant tensions.
  • 1655Russo-Polish War (1654–67): The Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.
  • 1658Aurangzeb is proclaimed Mughal emperor of India.
  • 1703Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
  • 1712Action of 31 July 1712 (Great Northern War): Danish and Swedish ships clash in the Baltic Sea; the result is inconclusive.
  • 1715 – Seven days after a Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships left Havana, Cuba for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks.
  • 1741Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.
  • 1763Odawa Chief Pontiac's forces defeat British troops at the Battle of Bloody Run during Pontiac's War.
  • 1777 – The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."
  • 1790 – The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
  • 1856Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city.
  • 1865 – The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.
  • 1874Dr. Patrick Francis Healy became the first African-American inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, Georgetown University.
  • 1904Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Hsimucheng: Units of the Imperial Japanese Army defeat units of the Imperial Russian Army in a strategic confrontation.
  • 1913 – The Balkan States sign an armistice in Bucharest.
  • 1917World War I: The Battle of Passchendaele begins near Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium.
  • 1932 – The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
  • 1938Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia).
  • 1938 – Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
  • 1941The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question."
  • 1941 – World War II: The Battle of Smolensk concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners.[1]
  • 1945Pierre Laval, the fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.
  • 1948 – At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
  • 1948USS Nevada is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships.
  • 1964Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
  • 1970Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy.[2]
  • 1971Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
  • 1972The Troubles: In Operation Motorman, the British Army re-takes the urban no-go areas of Northern Ireland. It is the biggest British military operation since the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the biggest in Ireland since the Irish War of Independence. Later that day, nine civilians are killed by car bombs in the village of Claudy.
  • 1973 – A Delta Air Lines jetliner, flight DL 723 crashes while landing in fog at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
  • 1975 – The Troubles: Three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen are killed during a botched paramilitary attack in Northern Ireland.
  • 1987 – A tornado occurs in Edmonton, Canada.
  • 1988 – Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia.
  • 1991 – The United States and Soviet Union both sign the START I Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles.
  • 1992 – The nation of Georgia joins the United Nations.
  • 1992 – Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal killing all 113 people on board.
  • 1999Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon's surface.
  • 2006Fidel Castro hands over power to his brother, Raúl.
  • 2007Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.
  • 2008East Coast Jets Flight 81 crashes near Owatonna Degner Regional Airport in Owatonna, Minnesota, killing all eight people on board.[3]
  • 2012Michael Phelps breaks the record set in 1964 by Larisa Latynina for the most medals won at the Olympics.
  • 2014Gas explosions in the southern Taiwanese city of Kaohsiung kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.

Births[]

  • 1143Emperor Nijō of Japan (d. 1165)
  • 1396Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1467)
  • 1526Augustus, Elector of Saxony (d. 1586)
  • 1527Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1576)
  • 1595Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1641)
  • 1598Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (d. 1654)
  • 1686Charles of France, Duke of Berry (d. 1714)
  • 1702Jean Denis Attiret, French missionary and painter (d. 1768)
  • 1704Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1752)
  • 1718John Canton, English physicist and academic (d. 1772)
  • 1724Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer and author (d. 1801)
  • 1759Ignaz Anton von Indermauer, Austrian nobleman and government official (d. 1796)
  • 1777Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentinian priest and politician (d. 1849)
  • 1796Jean-Gaspard Deburau, Czech-French actor and mime (d. 1846)
  • 1800Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist and academic (d. 1882)
  • 1803John Ericsson, Swedish-American engineer, co-designed the USS Princeton and the Novelty Locomotive (d. 1889)
  • 1816George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)
  • 1826William S. Clark, American colonel and politician (d. 1886)
  • 1835Henri Brisson, French lawyer and politician, 50th Prime Minister of France (d. 1912)
  • 1835 – Paul Du Chaillu, French-American anthropologist and explorer (d. 1903)
  • 1836Vasily Sleptsov, Russian author and activist (d. 1878)
  • 1837William Quantrill, American captain (d. 1865)
  • 1839Ignacio Andrade, Venezuelan general and politician, 25th President of Venezuela (d. 1925)
  • 1843Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and author (d. 1918)
  • 1847Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1905)
  • 1854José Canalejas, Spanish academic and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1912)
  • 1858Richard Dixon Oldham, English seismologist and geologist (d. 1936)
  • 1858 – Marion Talbot, influential American educator (d. 1948)
  • 1860Mary Vaux Walcott, American painter and illustrator (d. 1940)
  • 1867S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (d. 1966)
  • 1875Jacques Villon, French painter (d. 1963)
  • 1877Louisa Bolus, South African botanist and taxonomist (d. 1970)[4]
  • 1880Premchand, Indian author and playwright (d. 1936)
  • 1883Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (d. 1959)
  • 1884Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, Polish-German economist and politician (d. 1945)
  • 1886Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1931)
  • 1886 – Fred Quimby, American animation producer (d. 1965)
  • 1887Hans Freyer, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1969)
  • 1892Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist and publisher, founded Worldwide Church of God (d. 1986)
  • 1892 – Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (d. 1959)
  • 1894Fred Keenor, Welsh footballer (d. 1972)
  • 1901Jean Dubuffet, French painter and sculptor (d. 1985)
  • 1902Gubby Allen, Australian-English cricketer and soldier (d. 1989)
  • 1904Brett Halliday, American engineer, surveyor, and author (d. 1977)
  • 1909Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Austrian theorist and author (d. 1999)
  • 1911George Liberace, American violinist (d. 1983)
  • 1912Bill Brown, Australian cricketer (d. 2008)
  • 1912 – Milton Friedman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
  • 1912 – Irv Kupcinet, American football player and journalist (d. 2003)
  • 1913Bryan Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
  • 1914Paul J. Christiansen, American conductor and composer (d. 1997)
  • 1914 – Louis de Funès, French actor and screenwriter (d. 1983)
  • 1916Sibte Hassan, Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (d. 1986)
  • 1916 – Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2006)
  • 1916 – Bill Todman, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
  • 1918Paul D. Boyer, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
  • 1918 – Hank Jones, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2010)
  • 1918 – Frank Renouf, New Zealand businessman and financier (d. 1998)
  • 1919Hemu Adhikari, Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
  • 1919 – Curt Gowdy, American sportscaster and actor (d. 2006)
  • 1919 – Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (d. 1987)
  • 1920James E. Faust, American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (d. 2007)
  • 1921Peter Benenson, English lawyer and activist, founded Amnesty International (d. 2005)
  • 1921 – Donald Malarkey, American sergeant and author (d. 2017)[5]
  • 1921 – Whitney Young, American activist (d. 1971)
  • 1922Hank Bauer, American baseball player and manager (d. 2007)
  • 1923Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded Atlantic Records (d. 2006)
  • 1923 – Stephanie Kwolek, American chemist and engineer, invented Kevlar (d. 2014)
  • 1924Jimmy Evert, American tennis player and coach (d. 2015)
  • 1925Carmel Quinn, Irish singer, actress and writer
  • 1925 – John Swainson, Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd Governor of Michigan (d. 1994)
  • 1926Bernard Nathanson, American physician and activist (d. 2011)
  • 1926 – Hilary Putnam, American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (d. 2016)
  • 1927Peter Nichols, English author and playwright (d. 2019)
  • 1928Bill Frenzel, American lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)
  • 1929Lynne Reid Banks, English author
  • 1929 – Gilles Carle, Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
  • 1929 – Don Murray, American actor
  • 1929 – José Santamaría, Uruguayan footballer and manager
  • 1931Nick Bollettieri, American tennis player and coach
  • 1931 – Kenny Burrell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1932Ted Cassidy, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1979)
  • 1932 – John Searle, American philosopher and academic
  • 1933Cees Nooteboom, Dutch journalist, author, and poet
  • 1935Yvon Deschamps, Canadian comedian, actor, and producer
  • 1935 – Geoffrey Lewis, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
  • 1939Steuart Bedford, English pianist and conductor
  • 1939 – Susan Flannery, American actress
  • 1939 – France Nuyen, Vietnamese-French actress
  • 1941Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat (d. 2004)
  • 1943William Bennett, American journalist and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Education
  • 1943 – Lobo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1944Geraldine Chaplin, American actress and screenwriter
  • 1944 – Jonathan Dimbleby, English journalist and author
  • 1944 – Sherry Lansing, American film producer
  • 1944 – Robert C. Merton, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
  • 1944 – David Norris, Irish scholar and politician
  • 1945William Weld, American lawyer and politician, 68th Governor of Massachusetts
  • 1946Gary Lewis, American pop-rock musician
  • 1947Karl Green, English bass player and songwriter
  • 1947 – Richard Griffiths, English actor (d. 2013)
  • 1947 – Mumtaz, Indian actress
  • 1947 – Hubert Védrine, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • 1947 – Ian Beck, English children's illustrator and author
  • 1948Russell Morris, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1949Mike Jackson, American basketball player
  • 1949 – Alan Meale, English journalist and politician
  • 1950Richard Berry, French actor, director, and screenwriter
  • 1951Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Australian tennis player
  • 1952Chris Ahrens, American ice hockey player
  • 1952 – Alan Autry, American football player, actor, and politician, 23rd Mayor of Fresno, California
  • 1952 – Helmuts Balderis, Latvian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1952 – João Barreiros, Portuguese author and critic
  • 1952 – Faye Kellerman, American author
  • 1953Ted Baillieu, Australian architect and politician, 46th Premier of Victoria
  • 1953 – Jimmy Cook, South African cricketer and coach
  • 1953 – Hugh McDowell, English cellist
  • 1954Derek Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1956Michael Biehn, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1956 – Bill Callahan, American football player and coach
  • 1956 – Ron Kuby, American lawyer and radio host
  • 1956 – Deval Patrick, American lawyer and politician, 71st Governor of Massachusetts
  • 1956 – Lynne Rae Perkins, American author and illustrator
  • 1957Daniel Ash, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1957 – Mark Thompson, English business executive
  • 1958Bill Berry, American drummer and songwriter
  • 1958 – Mark Cuban, American businessman and television personality
  • 1958 – Suzanne Giraud, French music editor and composer
  • 1959Stanley Jordan, American guitarist, pianist, and songwriter
  • 1959 – Andrew Marr, Scottish journalist and author
  • 1959 – Kim Newman, English journalist and author
  • 1960Dale Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1960 – Malcolm Ross, Scottish guitarist and songwriter
  • 1961Frank Gardner, English captain and journalist
  • 1961Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, Nigerian banker, royal
  • 1962John Chiang, American lawyer and politician, 31st California State Controller
  • 1962 – Kevin Greene, American football player and coach
  • 1962 – Wesley Snipes, American actor and producer
  • 1963Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim), English DJ and musician
  • 1963 – Fergus Henderson, English chef and author
  • 1963 – Brian Skrudland, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1964Jim Corr, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1964 – Urmas Hepner, Estonian footballer and coach
  • 1965Scott Brooks, American basketball player and coach
  • 1965 – John Laurinaitis, American wrestler and producer
  • 1965 – Ian Roberts, English-Australian rugby league player and actor
  • 1965 – J. K. Rowling, English author and film producer
  • 1966Dean Cain, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1967Tony Massenburg, American basketball player
  • 1967 – Tim Wright, Welsh composer
  • 1968Saeed-Al-Saffar, Emirati cricketer
  • 1968 – Julian Richards, Welsh director and producer
  • 1969Antonio Conte, Italian footballer and manager
  • 1969 – Loren Dean, American actor
  • 1969 – Kenneth D. Schisler, American lawyer and politician
  • 1970Ahmad Akbarpour, Iranian author and poet
  • 1970 – Ben Chaplin, English actor
  • 1970 – Andrzej Kobylański, Polish footballer and manager
  • 1970 – Giorgos Sigalas, Greek basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
  • 1971Gus Frerotte, American football player and coach
  • 1973Nathan Brown, Australian rugby league player and coach
  • 1974Emilia Fox, English actress[6]
  • 1974 – Leona Naess, American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1974 – Jonathan Ogden, American football player
  • 1975Randy Flores, American baseball player and coach
  • 1975 – Andrew Hall, South African cricketer
  • 1975 – Gabe Kapler, American baseball player and manager
  • 1976Joshua Cain, American guitarist and producer
  • 1976 – Paulo Wanchope, Costa Rican footballer and manager
  • 1978Zac Brown, American country singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1978 – Nick Sorensen, American football player and sportscaster
  • 1978 – Justin Wilson, English race car driver (d. 2015)
  • 1979Jaco Erasmus, South African-Italian rugby player
  • 1979 – J.J. Furmaniak, American baseball player
  • 1979 – Per Krøldrup, Danish footballer
  • 1979 – Carlos Marchena, Spanish footballer
  • 1979 – B.J. Novak, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1980Mikko Hirvonen, Finnish race car driver
  • 1980 – Mils Muliaina, New Zealand rugby player
  • 1981Titus Bramble, English footballer
  • 1981 – Vernon Carey, American football player
  • 1981 – Paul Whatuira, New Zealand rugby league player
  • 1982Anabel Medina Garrigues, Spanish tennis player
  • 1982 – DeMarcus Ware, American football player
  • 1985Daniel Ciofani, Italian footballer
  • 1985 – Rémy Di Gregorio, French cyclist
  • 1986Evgeni Malkin, Russian ice hockey player
  • 1986 – Brian Orakpo, American football player
  • 1987Michael Bradley, American soccer player
  • 1988Alex Glenn, New Zealand rugby league player
  • 1989Victoria Azarenka, Belorussian tennis player
  • 1991Réka Luca Jani, Hungarian tennis player
  • 1992José Fernández, Cuban baseball player (d. 2016)
  • 1992Ryan Johansen, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1992 – Kyle Larson, American race car driver
  • 1995Lil Uzi Vert, American hip hop artist

Deaths[]

  • 54 BCAurelia Cotta, Roman mother of Gaius Julius Caesar (b. 120 BC)
  • 450Peter Chrysologus, Italian bishop and saint (b. 380)
  • 910Feng Xingxi, Chinese warlord
  • 975Fu Yanqing, Chinese general (b. 898)
  • 1098Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury
  • 1358Étienne Marcel, French rebel leader (b. 1302)
  • 1396William Courtenay, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (b. 1342)
  • 1508Na'od, Ethiopian emperor
  • 1556Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish priest and theologian, founded the Society of Jesus (b. 1491)
  • 1616Roger Wilbraham, Solicitor-General for Ireland (b. 1553)
  • 1638Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (b. 1621)
  • 1653Thomas Dudley, English soldier and politician, 3rd Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1576)
  • 1693Willem Kalf, Dutch still life painter (b. 1619)
  • 1726Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1695)
  • 1750John V, king of Portugal (b. 1689)
  • 1762Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla, Spanish sailor and commander (b. 1711)
  • 1781John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, British parliamentarian (b. 1719)
  • 1784Denis Diderot, French philosopher and critic (b. 1713)
  • 1805Dheeran Chinnamalai, Indian soldier (b. 1756)
  • 1864Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (b. 1800)
  • 1875Andrew Johnson, American general and politician, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
  • 1884Kiến Phúc, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1869)
  • 1886Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)
  • 1891Jean-Baptiste Capronnier, Belgian stained glass painter (b. 1814)
  • 1913John Milne, British geologist and mining engineer. (b. 1850)
  • 1914Jean Jaurès, French journalist and politician (b. 1859)
  • 1917Hedd Wyn, Welsh language poet (b. 1887)
  • 1917Francis Ledwidge, Irish soldier and poet (b. 1881)
  • 1920Ion Dragoumis, Greek philosopher and diplomat (b. 1878)
  • 1940Udham Singh, Indian activist (b. 1899)[7]
  • 1943Hedley Verity, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1905)
  • 1942Francis Younghusband, British Army Officer, explorer and spiritual writer (b.1863)
  • 1944Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and poet (b. 1900)
  • 1953Robert A. Taft, American soldier and politician (b. 1889)
  • 1954Onofre Marimón, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1923)
  • 1958Eino Kaila, Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (b. 1890)
  • 1964Jim Reeves, American singer-songwriter (b. 1923)
  • 1966Bud Powell, American pianist (b. 1924)
  • 1968Jack Pizzey, Australian politician, 29th Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)
  • 1971Walter P. Carter, American soldier and activist (b. 1923)
  • 1972Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Belgium, 1st President of the United Nations General Assembly (b. 1899)[8]
  • 1973Azumafuji Kin'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th Yokozuna (b. 1921)
  • 1979Beatrix Lehmann, English actress and director (b. 1903)
  • 1980Pascual Jordan, German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)
  • 1980 – Mohammed Rafi, Indian playback singer (b. 1924) [9]
  • 1981Omar Torrijos, Panamanian general and politician, Military Leader of Panama (b. 1929)
  • 1985Eugene Carson Blake, American religious leader (b. 1906)
  • 1986Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (b. 1900)
  • 1987Joseph E. Levine, American film producer (b, 1905)
  • 1990Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
  • 1992Leonard Cheshire, English captain and pilot (b. 1917)
  • 1993Baudouin, King of Belgium (b. 1930)[10]
  • 2000William Keepers Maxwell Jr., American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1908)
  • 2001Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese general and politician, 15th President of Portugal (b. 1914)
  • 2001 – Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1910)
  • 2003Guido Crepax, Italian author and illustrator (b. 1933)
  • 2004Virginia Grey, American actress (b. 1917)
  • 2005Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, 1st President of the European Central Bank (b. 1935)
  • 2009Bobby Robson, English footballer and manager (b. 1933)
  • 2009 – Harry Alan Towers, English-Canadian screenwriter and producer (b. 1920)
  • 2012Mollie Hunter, Scottish author and playwright (b. 1922)
  • 2012 – Alfredo Ramos, Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1924)
  • 2012 – Gore Vidal, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1925)
  • 2012 – Tony Sly, American musician, singer-songwriter (b. 1970)
  • 2013Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (b. 1922)
  • 2013 – Michel Donnet, English-Belgian general and pilot (b. 1917)
  • 2013 – John Graves, American captain and author (b. 1920)
  • 2013 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (b. 1930)
  • 2014Warren Bennis, American scholar, author, and academic (b. 1925)
  • 2014 – Nabarun Bhattacharya, Indian journalist and author (b. 1948)
  • 2014 – Jeff Bourne, English footballer (b. 1948)
  • 2014 – Wilfred Feinberg, American lawyer and judge (b. 1920)
  • 2015Alan Cheuse, American writer and critic (b. 1940)
  • 2015 – Howard W. Jones, American surgeon and academic (b. 1910)
  • 2015 – Billy Pierce, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
  • 2015 – Roddy Piper, Canadian wrestler and actor (b. 1954)
  • 2015 – Richard Schweiker, American soldier and politician, 14th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (b. 1926)
  • 2016Chiyonofuji Mitsugu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 58th Yokozuna (b. 1955)[11][12]
  • 2016 – Seymour Papert, South African mathematician (b. 1928)[13]
  • 2017Jeanne Moreau, French actress (b. 1928)
  • 2018Tony Bullimore, British sailor & businessman (b. 1939)[14]
  • 2019Harold Prince, noted Broadway producer and director, who received more Tony awards than anyone else in history (b. 1928)[15]
  • 2020Alan Parker, English filmmaker (b. 1944) [16]

Holidays and observances[]

  • Christian feast day:
    • Abanoub
    • Germanus of Auxerre
    • Ignatius of Loyola
    • Neot
    • July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of the Bahá'í calendar. (Bahá'í Faith)
  • End of the Trinity term (sitting of the High Court of Justice of England)
  • Ka Hae Hawaiʻi Day (Hawaii, United States), and its related observance:
    • Sovereignty Restoration Day (Hawaiian sovereignty movement)
  • Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh (Haryana and Punjab, India)
  • Treasury Day (Poland)
  • Warriors' Day (Malaysia)

References[]

  1. Glantz, David M. (2010). Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle for Smolensk 10 July – 10 September 1941. Solihull, England: Helion & Company. p. 576. ISBN 1-906033-72-2.
  2. Woods Rum, Black Tot Day Archived 2 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-125-800A N818MV Owatonna Airport, MN (OWA)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  4. Creese, Mary R. S.; Creese, Thomas M. (2010). Ladies in the Laboratory III: South African, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Women in Science: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Scarecrow Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780810872899.
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