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  2023 (Sunday)
  2022 (Saturday)
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  2020 (Thursday)
  2019 (Tuesday)
  2018 (Monday)
  2017 (Sunday)
  2016 (Saturday)
  2015 (Thursday)
  2014 (Wednesday)

July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 182 days remain until the end of the year.

This day is the midpoint of a common year because there are 182 days before and 182 days after it in common years. There are 183 days before and 182 after it in leap years. The exact time of the middle of the year is at noon. In countries that use summer time the actual exact time of the midpoint in a common year is at 1:00 p.m for locations in the northern hemisphere, or 11:00 a.m for locations in the southern hemisphere; this is when 182 days and 12 hours have elapsed and there are 182 days and 12 hours remaining. In a leap year in those countries, the middle of the year is at midnight. In countries that use summer time, the midpoint occurs at 1:00 a.m. on July 2, or 11:00 p.m. on July 1 in the southern hemisphere. This is due to summer time having advanced the time by one hour. It falls on the same day of the week as New Year's Day in common years.

Events[]

  • 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome.[1]
  • 626Li Shimin, the future Emperor Taizong of Tang, ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng in the Xuanwu Gate Incident.[2]
  • 706 – In China, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang inters the bodies of relatives in the Qianling Mausoleum, located on Mount Liang outside Chang'an.
  • 866Battle of Brissarthe: The Franks led by Robert the Strong are defeated by a joint Breton-Viking army.
  • 936 – King Henry the Fowler dies in his royal palace in Memleben. He is succeeded by his son Otto I, who becomes the ruler of East Francia.
  • 963 – The Byzantine army proclaims Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea.
  • 1298 – The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
  • 1494 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is ratified by Spain.
  • 1504Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes Voivode of Moldavia.
  • 1555 – Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola.
  • 1561Menas, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz.
  • 1582Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide.
  • 1613 – The first English expedition (from Virginia) against Acadia led by Samuel Argall takes place.
  • 1644English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor.
  • 1645Battle of Alford: Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
  • 1698Thomas Savery patents the first steam engine.
  • 1776American Revolution: The Continental Congress adopts a resolution severing ties with the Kingdom of Great Britain although the wording of the formal Declaration of Independence is not published until July 4.
  • 1816 – The French frigate Méduse strikes the Bank of Arguin and 151 people on board have to be evacuated on an improvised raft, a case immortalised by Géricault's painting The Raft of the Medusa.
  • 1822 – Thirty-five slaves, including Denmark Vesey, are hanged in South Carolina after being accused of organizing a slave rebellion.
  • 1823Bahia Independence Day: The end of Portuguese rule in Brazil, with the final defeat of the Portuguese crown loyalists in the province of Bahia.
  • 1839 – Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba, 53 kidnapped Africans led by Joseph Cinqué mutiny and take over the slave ship Amistad.
  • 1853 – The Russian Army crosses the Pruth river into the Danubian Principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia—providing the spark that will set off the Crimean War.
  • 1871Victor Emmanuel II of Italy enters Rome after having conquered it from the Papal States.
  • 1881Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James A. Garfield (who will die of complications from his wounds on September 19).
  • 1890 – The U.S. Congress passes the Sherman Antitrust Act.
  • 1897 – British-Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi obtains a patent for radio in London.
  • 1900 – The first Zeppelin flight takes place on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany.
  • 1900 – Jean Sibelius' Finlandia receives its première performance in Helsinki with the Helsinki Philharmonic Society conducted by Robert Kajanus.
  • 1921World War I: U.S. President Warren G. Harding signs the Knox–Porter Resolution formally ending the war between the United States and Germany.
  • 1934 – The Night of the Long Knives ends with the death of Ernst Röhm.
  • 1937Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan are last heard from over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight.
  • 1940 – Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose is arrested and detained in Calcutta.
  • 1940 – The SS Arandora Star is sunk by U-47 in the North Atlantic with the loss of over 800 lives, mostly civilians.
  • 1962 – The first Walmart store, then known as Wal-Mart, opens for business in Rogers, Arkansas.
  • 1964Civil rights movement: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 meant to prohibit segregation in public places.
  • 1966 – France conducts its first nuclear weapon test in the Pacific, on Moruroa Atoll.
  • 1976 – End of South Vietnam; Communist North Vietnam annexes the former South Vietnam to form the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
  • 1986Rodrigo Rojas and Carmen Gloria Quintana are burnt alive during a street demonstration against the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile.
  • 1990 – In the 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy, 1,400 Muslim pilgrims are suffocated to death and trampled upon in a pedestrian tunnel leading to the holy city of Mecca.[3]
  • 1994USAir Flight 1016 crashes near Charlotte Douglas International Airport, killing 37 of the 57 people on board.[4]
  • 1997 – The Bank of Thailand floats the baht, triggering the Asian financial crisis.
  • 2000Vicente Fox Quesada is elected the first President of México from an opposition party, the Partido Acción Nacional, after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional.
  • 2001 – The AbioCor self-contained artificial heart is first implanted.
  • 2002Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.
  • 2005 – The Live 8 benefit concerts takes place in the G8 states and in South Africa. More than 1,000 musicians perform and are broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks.
  • 2008Colombian conflict: Íngrid Betancourt, a member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, is released from captivity after being held for six and a half years by FARC.
  • 2010 – The South Kivu tank truck explosion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo kills at least 230 people.
  • 2013 – The International Astronomical Union names Pluto's fourth and fifth moons, Kerberos and Styx.
  • 2013 – A magnitude 6.1 earthquake strikes Aceh, Indonesia, killing at least 42 people and injuring 420 others.

Births[]

  • 419Valentinian III, Roman emperor (d. 455)
  • 1363Maria, Queen of Sicily (d. 1401)
  • 1478Louis V, Elector Palatine (d. 1544)
  • 1486Jacopo Sansovino, Italian sculptor and architect (d. 1570)
  • 1489Thomas Cranmer, English archbishop, theologian, and saint (d. 1556)
  • 1492Elizabeth Tudor, English daughter of Henry VII of England (d. 1495)
  • 1500Federico Cesi (cardinal), Italian cardinal (d. 1565)
  • 1575Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby, English noblewoman and head of state of the Isle of Man (d. 1627)
  • 1597Theodoor Rombouts, Flemish painter (d. 1637)
  • 1647Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1730)
  • 1648Arp Schnitger, German organ builder (d. 1719)
  • 1665Samuel Penhallow, English-American soldier and historian (d. 1726)
  • 1667Pietro Ottoboni, Italian cardinal and art collector (d. 1740)
  • 1714Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (d. 1787)[5]
  • 1724Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet and author (d. 1803)
  • 1797Francisco Javier Echeverría, Mexican businessman and politician. President of Mexico (1841) (d. 1852)[6]
  • 1819Charles-Louis Hanon, French pianist and composer (d. 1900)
  • 1820George Law Curry, American publisher and politician, 5th Governor of the Oregon Territory (d. 1878)
  • 1820 – Juan N. Méndez, Mexican general and interim president, 1876-1877 (d. 1894)[7]
  • 1821Charles Tupper, Canadian physician and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1915)
  • 1825Émile Ollivier, French statesman (d. 1913)
  • 1834Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist and historian (d. 1917)
  • 1849Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (d. 1919)
  • 1862William Henry Bragg, English physicist, chemist, and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1942)
  • 1865Lily Braun, German author and publicist (d. 1916)
  • 1869Liane de Pougy, French-Swiss dancer and author (d. 1950)
  • 1876Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist and academic (d. 1933)
  • 1876 – Wilhelm Cuno, German businessman and politician, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1933)
  • 1877Hermann Hesse, German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
  • 1877 – Rinaldo Cuneo, American artist ("the painter of San Francisco") (d. 1939)
  • 1881Royal Hurlburt Weller, American lawyer and politician (d. 1929)
  • 1884Alfons Maria Jakob, German neurologist and author (d. 1931)
  • 1893Ralph Hancock, Welsh gardener and author (d. 1950)
  • 1900Tyrone Guthrie, English actor and director (d. 1971)
  • 1900 – Sophie Harris, English costume and scenic designer for theatre and opera (d. 1966)
  • 1902K. Kanapathypillai, Sri Lankan author and academic (d. 1968)
  • 1902 – Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch-French pianist (d. 1987)
  • 1903Alec Douglas-Home, English cricketer and politician, 66th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
  • 1903 – Olav V of Norway (d. 1991)
  • 1904René Lacoste, French tennis player and businessman, created the polo shirt (d. 1996)
  • 1906Hans Bethe, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
  • 1906 – Károly Kárpáti, Hungarian Jewish wrestler (d. 1996)
  • 1906 – Séra Martin, French middle-distance runner (d. 1993)
  • 1908Thurgood Marshall, American lawyer and jurist, 32nd Solicitor General of the United States (d. 1993)
  • 1911Reg Parnell, English race car driver and manager (d. 1964)
  • 1913Max Beloff, Baron Beloff, English historian and academic (d. 1999)
  • 1914Frederick Fennell, American conductor and educator (d. 2004)
  • 1914 – Ethelreda Leopold, American actress (d. 1988)
  • 1914 – Mário Schenberg, Brazilian physicist and engineer (d. 1990)
  • 1914 – Erich Topp, German admiral (d. 2005)
  • 1915Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, British peer, politician and soldier (d. 2014)
  • 1916Ken Curtis, American actor and singer (d. 1991)
  • 1916 – Hans-Ulrich Rudel, German colonel and pilot (d. 1982)
  • 1916 – Reino Kangasmäki, Finnish wrestler (d. 2010)
  • 1916 – Zélia Gattai, Brazilian author and photographer (d. 2008)
  • 1917Leonard J. Arrington, American author and academic, founded the Mormon History Association (d. 1999)
  • 1918Athos Bulcão, Brazilian painter and sculptor (d. 2008)
  • 1918 – Indumati Bhattacharya, Indian politician
  • 1919Jean Craighead George, American author (d. 2012)
  • 1920John Kneubuhl, Samoan-American historian, screenwriter, and playwright (d. 1992)
  • 1922Pierre Cardin, Italian-French fashion designer
  • 1922 – Paula Valenska, Czech actress
  • 1923Cyril M. Kornbluth, American soldier and author (d. 1958)
  • 1923 – Wisława Szymborska, Polish poet and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
  • 1925Medgar Evers, American soldier and activist (d. 1963)
  • 1925 – Patrice Lumumba, Congolese politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1961)
  • 1925 – Marvin Rainwater, American singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
  • 1926Octavian Paler, Romanian journalist and politician (d. 2007)
  • 1927Lee Allen, American saxophone player (d. 1994)
  • 1927 – James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern, Scottish lawyer and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
  • 1927 – Brock Peters, American actor (d. 2005)
  • 1929Imelda Marcos, Filipino politician; 10th First Lady of the Philippines
  • 1930Carlos Menem, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 50th President of Argentina
  • 1931Mohammad Yazdi, Iranian cleric
  • 1932Dave Thomas, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Wendy's (d. 2002)
  • 1933Peter Desbarats, Canadian journalist, author, and playwright
  • 1933 – Kenny Wharram, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2017)
  • 1934Tom Springfield, English musician[8]
  • 1935Gilbert Kalish, American pianist and educator
  • 1936Omar Suleiman, Egyptian general and politician, 16th Vice President of Egypt (d. 2012)
  • 1937Polly Holliday, American actress[9]
  • 1937 – Richard Petty, American race car driver and sportscaster
  • 1938David Owen, English physician and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
  • 1939Alexandros Panagoulis, Greek poet and politician (d. 1976)
  • 1939 – John H. Sununu, American engineer and politician, 14th White House Chief of Staff
  • 1939 – Paul Williams, American singer and choreographer (d. 1973)
  • 1940Kenneth Clarke, English politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
  • 1941William Guest, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2015)
  • 1941 – Wendell Mottley, Trinidadian sprinter, economist, and politician
  • 1942John Eekelaar, South African-English lawyer and scholar
  • 1942 – Vicente Fox, Mexican businessman and politician, 35th President of Mexico (2000-2006)[10]
  • 1943Ivi Eenmaa, Estonian politician, 36th Mayor of Tallinn
  • 1943 – Larry Lake, American-Canadian trumpet player and composer (d. 2013)
  • 1946Richard Axel, American neuroscientist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • 1946 – Ron Silver, American actor, director, and political activist (d. 2009)
  • 1947Larry David, American actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter[11]
  • 1947 – Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton, English politician, Minister for International Security Strategy
  • 1948Mutula Kilonzo, Kenyan lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
  • 1949Greg Brown, American musician[12]
  • 1949 – Robert Paquette, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist[13]
  • 1950Lynne Brindley, English librarian and academic
  • 1950 – Jon Trickett, English politician
  • 1952Sylvia Rivera, American transgender rights activist (d. 2002)[14]
  • 1952 – Anatoliy Solomin, Ukrainian race walker and coach
  • 1954Chris Huhne, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
  • 1955Kim Carr, Australian educator and politician, 31st Australian Minister for Human Services
  • 1956Jerry Hall, American model and actress[15]
  • 1957Bret Hart, Canadian wrestler
  • 1957 – Jüri Raidla, Estonian lawyer and politician, Estonian Minister of Justice
  • 1957 – Purvis Short, American basketball player
  • 1958Pavan Malhotra, Indian actor
  • 1960Maria Lourdes Sereno, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 24th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
  • 1961Clark Kellogg, American basketball player and sportscaster
  • 1962Neil Williams, English cricketer (d. 2006)
  • 1964Jose Canseco, Cuban-American baseball player and mixed martial artist
  • 1964 – Ozzie Canseco, Cuban-American baseball player, coach, and manager
  • 1964 – Joe Magrane, American baseball player and sportscaster
  • 1964 – Alan Tait, English-Scottish rugby player and coach
  • 1965Norbert Röttgen, German lawyer and politician
  • 1969Tim Rodber, English rugby player
  • 1970Derrick Adkins, American hurdler
  • 1970 – Steve Morrow, Northern Irish footballer and manager
  • 1971Troy Brown, American football player and actor
  • 1971 – Bryan Redpath, Scottish rugby player and coach
  • 1972Darren Shan, English author[16]
  • 1974Sean Casey, American baseball player and sportscaster
  • 1975Éric Dazé, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1975 – Kristen Michal, Estonian lawyer and politician[17]
  • 1975 – Erik Ohlsson, Swedish singer and guitarist
  • 1975 – Stefan Terblanche, South African rugby player
  • 1976Krisztián Lisztes, Hungarian footballer
  • 1976 – Tomáš Vokoun, Czech-American ice hockey player
  • 1977Deniz Barış, Turkish footballer
  • 1978Jüri Ratas, Estonian politician, 42nd Mayor of Tallinn
  • 1979Walter Davis, American triple jumper
  • 1979 – Ahmed al-Ghamdi, Saudi Arabian terrorist, hijacker of United Airlines Flight 175 (d. 2001)
  • 1979 – Sam Hornish Jr., American race car driver
  • 1979 – Joe Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1980Nyjer Morgan, American baseball player
  • 1981Nathan Ellington, English footballer
  • 1981 – Carlos Rogers, American football player
  • 1983Michelle Branch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1983 – Kyle Hogg, English cricketer
  • 1984Thomas Kortegaard, Danish footballer
  • 1984 – Johnny Weir, American figure skater
  • 1985Rhett Bomar, American football player
  • 1985 – Chad Henne, American football player
  • 1985 – Ashley Tisdale, American actress, singer, and producer [18]
  • 1986Brett Cecil, American baseball player
  • 1986 – Lindsay Lohan, American actress and singer[19]
  • 1987Esteban Granero, Spanish footballer
  • 1988Lee Chung-yong, South Korean footballer
  • 1989Nadezhda Grishaeva, Russian basketball player
  • 1989 – Alex Morgan, American soccer player
  • 1990Kayla Harrison, American judoka[20]
  • 1990 – Merritt Mathias, American soccer player
  • 1990 – Morag McLellan, Scottish field hockey player[21]
  • 1990 – Margot Robbie, Australian actress and producer
  • 1990 – Danny Rose, English footballer
  • 1990 – Bill Tupou, New Zealand rugby league player
  • 1992Madison Chock, American ice dancer[22]
  • 1993Vince Staples, American rapper and actor[23]
  • 1994Henrik Kristoffersen, Norwegian skier
  • 1995Ryan Murphy, American swimmer
  • 1996Julia Grabher, Austrian tennis player

Deaths[]

  • 626Li Jiancheng, Chinese prince (b. 589)
  • 626 – Li Yuanji, Chinese prince (b. 603)
  • 649Li Jing, Chinese general (b. 571)
  • 862Swithun, English bishop and saint (b. 789)
  • 866Robert the Strong, Frankish nobleman
  • 936Henry the Fowler, German king (b. 876)
  • 1215Eisai, Japanese Buddhist priest (b. 1141)
  • 1298Adolf of Germany (b. 1220)
  • 1504Stephen III of Moldavia (b. 1434)
  • 1566Nostradamus, French astrologer and author (b. 1503)
  • 1578Thomas Doughty, English explorer
  • 1582Akechi Mitsuhide, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1528)
  • 1591Vincenzo Galilei, Italian lute player and composer (b. 1520)
  • 1619Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1547)
  • 1621Thomas Harriot, English astronomer, mathematician, and ethnographer (b. 1560)
  • 1656François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-French general (b. 1611)
  • 1674Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1614)
  • 1743Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1673)
  • 1746Thomas Baker, English antiquarian and author (b. 1656)
  • 1778Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher and composer (b. 1712)
  • 1833Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 1st Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (b. 1757)
  • 1843Samuel Hahnemann, German physician and academic (b. 1755)
  • 1850Robert Peel, English lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788)
  • 1857Carlo Pisacane, Italian soldier and philosopher (b. 1818)
  • 1903Ed Delahanty, American baseball player (b. 1867)
  • 1912Tom Richardson, English cricketer (b. 1870)
  • 1914Joseph Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (b. 1836)
  • 1915Porfirio Díaz, Mexican general and politician, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830)
  • 1920William Louis Marshall, American general and engineer (b. 1846)
  • 1926Émile Coué, French psychologist and pharmacist (b. 1857)
  • 1929Gladys Brockwell, American actress (b. 1894)
  • 1932Manuel II of Portugal (b. 1889)
  • 1950Thomas William Burgess, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1872)
  • 1955Edward Lawson, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1873)
  • 1961Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
  • 1963Alicia Patterson, American publisher, co-founded Newsday (b. 1906)
  • 1964Fireball Roberts, American race car driver (b. 1929)
  • 1966Jan Brzechwa, Polish poet and author (b. 1900)
  • 1970Jessie Street, Australian suffragette and feminist (b. 1889)[24]
  • 1972Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious leader, 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1876)
  • 1973Betty Grable, American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1916)
  • 1973 – George McBride, American baseball player and manager (b. 1880)
  • 1973 – Ferdinand Schörner, German field marshal (b. 1892)
  • 1975James Robertson Justice, English actor (b. 1907)
  • 1977Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born novelist and critic (b. 1899)
  • 1978Aris Alexandrou, Greek author and poet (b. 1922)
  • 1986Peanuts Lowrey, American baseball player and manager (b. 1917)
  • 1988Vibert Douglas, Canadian astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1894)
  • 1989Andrei Gromyko, Soviet economist and politician, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1909)
  • 1990Snooky Lanson, American singer (b. 1914)
  • 1991Lee Remick, American actress (b. 1935)
  • 1993Fred Gwynne, American actor (b. 1926)
  • 1994Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (b. 1967)
  • 1995Lloyd MacPhail, Canadian businessman and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island (b. 1920)
  • 1997James Stewart, American actor (b. 1908)
  • 1999Mario Puzo, American author and screenwriter (b. 1920)
  • 2000Joey Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcycle racer (b. 1952)
  • 2002Ray Brown, American bassist and composer (b. 1926)
  • 2003Briggs Cunningham, American race car driver and businessman (b. 1907)
  • 2004Mochtar Lubis, Indonesian journalist and author (b. 1922)
  • 2005Ernest Lehman, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1915)
  • 2005 – Norm Prescott, American actor, composer, and producer, co-founded Filmation Studios (b. 1927)
  • 2006Jan Murray, American comedian, actor, and game show host (b. 1916)
  • 2007Beverly Sills, American operatic soprano and television personality (b. 1929)
  • 2008Natasha Shneider, Russian-American singer, keyboard player, and actress (b. 1956)
  • 2008 – Elizabeth Spriggs, English actress and screenwriter (b. 1929)
  • 2010Beryl Bainbridge, English screenwriter and author (b. 1932)
  • 2011Itamar Franco, Brazilian engineer and politician, 33rd President of Brazil (b. 1930)
  • 2012Maurice Chevit, French actor and screenwriter (b. 1923)
  • 2012 – Julian Goodman, American journalist (b. 1922)
  • 2012 – Angelo Mangiarotti, Italian architect and academic (b. 1921)
  • 2012 – Betty Meggers, American archaeologist and academic (b. 1921)
  • 2012 – Ed Stroud, American baseball player (b. 1939)
  • 2013Anthony G. Bosco, American bishop (b. 1927)
  • 2013 – Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist, invented the computer mouse (b. 1925)
  • 2013 – Armand Gaudreault, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
  • 2013 – Anthony Llewellyn, Welsh-American chemist, academic, and astronaut (b. 1933)
  • 2014Emilio Álvarez Montalván, Nicaraguan ophthalmologist and politician (b. 1919)
  • 2014 – Manuel Cardona, Spanish physicist and academic (b. 1934)
  • 2014 – Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe (b. 1915)
  • 2014 – Harold W. Kuhn, American mathematician and academic (b. 1925)
  • 2014 – Louis Zamperini, American runner and World War II US Army Air Forces captain (b. 1917)
  • 2015Ronald Davison, New Zealand lawyer and judge, 10th Chief Justice of New Zealand (b. 1920)
  • 2015 – Charlie Sanders, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1946)
  • 2015 – Jim Weaver, American football player and coach (b. 1945)
  • 2015 – Jacobo Zabludovsky, Mexican journalist (b. 1928)
  • 2016Caroline Aherne, English actress and comedian (b. 1963)
  • 2016 – Michael Cimino, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1939)
  • 2016 – Patrick Manning, 4th & 6th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (b. 1946)
  • 2016 – Elie Wiesel, Holocaust survivor, activist, and author (b. 1928)
  • 2017Vladislav Rastorotsky, a Russian (and former Soviet) artistic gymnastics coach,, (b. 1933) [25]
  • 2018Alan Longmuir, Scottish musician (b. 1948)[26]
  • 2019Lee Iacocca, American automotive executive (b.1924)[27]
  • 2020Ángela Jeria, Chilean archaeologist (b. 1926)
  • 2020 – Byron Bernstein Reckful, gamer, Twitch streamer, investor (b. 1989)[28]

Holidays and observances[]

  • Christian feast day:
    • Aberoh and Atom (Coptic Church)
    • Bernardino Realino
    • Feast of the Visitation (Anglicanism; Levoča at Mariánska hora)
    • Monegundis
    • Otto of Bamberg
    • Oudoceus
    • Martinian and Processus
    • Pishoy (Coptic Church)
    • Stephen III of Moldavia
    • July 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Earliest day on which Unity Day can fall, while July 8 is the latest; celebrated on Tuesday following Heroes' Day. (Zambia)
  • Flag Day (Curaçao)
  • Palio di Provenzano (Siena, Italy)
  • Police Day (Azerbaijan)

References[]

  1. Atkinson, Kenneth (2020). Empress Galla Placidia and the Fall of the Roman Empire. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 134. ISBN 9781476682358.
  2. Chen, Jack Wei (2010). The Poetics of Sovereignty: On Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN 9780674056084.
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