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July 13 is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 171 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

  • 587 BC – Babylon's siege of Jerusalem ends following the destruction of Solomon's Temple.
  • 1174William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
  • 1249Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
  • 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
  • 1558Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
  • 1573Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
  • 1643English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
  • 1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
  • 1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
  • 1794 – The Battle of Trippstadt is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
  • 1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
  • 1830 – The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
  • 1831Regulamentul Organic, a quasi-constitutional organic law is adopted in Wallachia, one of the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of Romania.[1]
  • 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
  • 1863New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
  • 1878Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
  • 1941World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
  • 1956 – The Dartmouth workshop is the first conference on artificial intelligence.
  • 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
  • 1973Watergate scandal: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of a secret Oval Office taping system to investigators for the Senate Watergate Committee.[2]
  • 1977Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ogaden War.
  • 1977 – New York City: Amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
  • 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Moscow and Sydney.
  • 1985 – Vice President George H. W. Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
  • 2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
  • 2008Battle of Wanat begins when Taliban and al-Qaeda guerrillas attack US Army and Afghan National Army troops in Afghanistan. The U.S. deaths were, at that time, the most in a single battle since the beginning of operations in 2001.
  • 2011Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.
  • 2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1999 is adopted, which admits South Sudan to member status of United Nations.
  • 2013Typhoon Soulik kills at least nine people and affects more than 160 million in East China and Taiwan.
  • 2016Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigns, and is succeeded by Theresa May.

Births[]

  • 100 BCJulius Caesar, Roman general and statesman (d. 44 BC)[3]
  • 1426Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick (d. 1492)[citation needed]
  • 1478Giulio d'Este, illegitimate son of Italian noble (d. 1561)[citation needed]
  • 1470Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici, Catholic cardinal (d. 1528)[citation needed]
  • 1527John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)[4]
  • 1579Arthur Dee, English physician and chemist (d. 1651)
  • 1590Pope Clement X (d. 1676)[5]
  • 1606Roland Fréart de Chambray (d. 1676)
  • 1607Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and illustrator (d. 1677)
  • 1608Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
  • 1745Robert Calder, Scottish-English admiral (d. 1818)
  • 1756Thomas Rowlandson, English artist and caricaturist (d. 1827)
  • 1760István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1829)
  • 1770Alexander Balashov, Russian general and politician, Russian Minister of Police (d. 1837)
  • 1793John Clare, English poet and author (d. 1864)
  • 1821Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general and first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)
  • 1831Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
  • 1841Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)
  • 1858Stewart Culin, American ethnographer and author (d. 1929)
  • 1859Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1947)
  • 1863Margaret Murray, British archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist (d. 1963)
  • 1864John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel and businessman (d. 1912)
  • 1877Robert Henry Mathews, Australian linguist and missionary (d. 1970)
  • 1884Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler and coach (d. 1951)
  • 1889Emma Asson, Estonian educator and politician (d. 1965)
  • 1889 – Stan Coveleski, American baseball player (d. 1984)
  • 1892Léo-Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1941)
  • 1892 – Jonni Myyrä, Finnish-American discus and javelin thrower (d. 1955)
  • 1894Isaac Babel, Russian short story writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1940)
  • 1895Sidney Blackmer, American actor (d. 1973)
  • 1896Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter and educator (d. 1992)
  • 1898Julius Schreck, German commander (d. 1936)
  • 1898 – Ivan Triesault, Estonian-born American actor (d. 1980)
  • 1900George Lewis, American clarinet player and songwriter (d. 1969)
  • 1901Eric Portman, English actor (d. 1969)
  • 1903Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (d. 1983)
  • 1905Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
  • 1905 – Eugenio Pagnini, Italian modern pentathlete (d. 1993)[6]
  • 1905 – Magda Foy, American child actress (d. 2000)
  • 1907George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (d. 2002)
  • 1908Dorothy Round, English tennis player (d. 1982)
  • 1908 – Tim Spencer, American country & western singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1974)
  • 1910Lien Gisolf, Dutch high jumper (d. 1993)
  • 1910 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2008)
  • 1911Bob Steele (broadcaster), American radio personality (d. 2002)
  • 1913Dave Garroway, American journalist and television personality (d. 1982)
  • 1913 – Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish businessman (d. 2012)
  • 1915Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1989)
  • 1918Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
  • 1918 – Ronald Bladen, American painter and sculptor (d. 1988)
  • 1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (d. 2015)
  • 1919Hau Pei-tsun, 13th Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
  • 1919 – William F. Quinn, American lawyer (d. 2006)
  • 1921Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer and conductor (d. 1999)
  • 1922Leslie Brooks, American actress (d. 2011)
  • 1922 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish trade union leader and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2016)
  • 1922 – Helmy Afify Abd El-Bar, Egyptian military commander (d. 2011)
  • 1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
  • 1923Ashley Bryan, American children's book author and illustrator
  • 1924Johnny Gilbert, American game show host and announcer
  • 1925Suzanne Zimmerman, American competition swimmer and Olympic medalist
  • 1925 – Huang Zongying, Chinese actress and writer
  • 1926Robert H. Justman, American director, producer, and production manager (d. 2008)
  • 1926 – T. Loren Christianson, American politician (d. 2019)
  • 1926 – Thomas Clark, American politician (d. 2020)
  • 1927Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician, President of the European Parliament (d. 2017)[7]
  • 1927 – Ian Reed, Australian discus thrower
  • 1928Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
  • 1928 – Sven Davidson, Swedish-American tennis player (d. 2008)
  • 1928 – Al Rex, American musician (d. 2020)
  • 1929Sofia Muratova, Russian gymnast (d. 2006)
  • 1929 – Svein Ellingsen, Norwegian visual artist and hymnist (d. 2020)
  • 1930Sam Greenlee, American author and poet (d. 2014)
  • 1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
  • 1931Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
  • 1932Hubert Reeves, Canadian-French astrophysicist and author
  • 1933David Storey, English author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
  • 1933 – Piero Manzoni, Italian artist (d. 1963)
  • 1934Peter Gzowski, Canadian journalist and academic (d. 2002)
  • 1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
  • 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
  • 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
  • 1935Jack Kemp, American football player and politician, 9th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (d. 2009)
  • 1935 – Earl Lovelace, Trinidadian journalist, author, and playwright
  • 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
  • 1936Albert Ayler, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1970)
  • 1937Ghillean Prance, English botanist and ecologist
  • 1939Lambert Jackson Woodburne, South African admiral (d. 2013)
  • 1940Tom Lichtenberg, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
  • 1940 – Paul Prudhomme, American chef and author (d. 2015)
  • 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor, director, and producer
  • 1941Grahame Corling, Australian cricketer
  • 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor and producer (d. 2019)
  • 1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter and translator (d. 2005)
  • 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director, and producer
  • 1942Harrison Ford, American actor and producer
  • 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1943Chris Serle, English journalist and actor
  • 1944Eric Freeman, Australian cricketer
  • 1944 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (d. 1991)
  • 1944 – Erno Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik's Cube
  • 1945Ashley Mallett, Australian cricketer and author
  • 1946Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
  • 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
  • 1948Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
  • 1949Bryan Murray, Irish actor
  • 1950George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
  • 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Hong Kong-Taiwanese commander and politician, 12th President of the Republic of China
  • 1950 – Jurelang Zedkaia, Marshallese politician, 5th President of the Marshall Islands (d. 2015)
  • 1951Rob Bishop, American educator and politician
  • 1951 – Didi Conn, American actress and singer
  • 1953David Thompson, American basketball player[8]
  • 1954Ray Bright, Australian cricketer
  • 1954 – Louise Mandrell, American singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1956Mark Mendoza, American bass player and songwriter
  • 1956Michael Spinks, American boxer
  • 1957Thierry Boutsen, Belgian race car driver and businessman
  • 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1959Richard Leman, English field hockey player
  • 1959 – Fuziah Salleh, Malaysian politician
  • 1960Robert Abraham, American football player
  • 1960 – Ian Hislop, Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter
  • 1960 – Curtis Rouse, American football player (d. 2013)
  • 1961Tahira Asif, Pakistani politician (d. 2014)
  • 1961 – Anders Jarryd, Swedish tennis player
  • 1961 – Khalid Mahmood, Pakistani-English engineer and politician
  • 1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
  • 1961 – Tim Watson, Australian footballer, coach, and journalist
  • 1962Tom Kenny, American voice actor and screenwriter
  • 1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player
  • 1963Neal Foulds, English snooker player and sportscaster
  • 1963 – Kenny Johnson, American actor, producer, and model
  • 1964Charlie Hides, American drag queen and comedian
  • 1964 – Paul Thorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1965Eileen Ivers, American fiddler
  • 1965 – Colin van der Voort, Australian rugby league player
  • 1966Gerald Levert, American R&B singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2006)
  • 1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-English conductor and educator
  • 1967Richard Marles, Australian lawyer and politician, 50th Australian Minister for Trade and Investment
  • 1967 – Mark McGowan, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Western Australia
  • 1969Brad Godden, Australian rugby league player
  • 1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor, comedian, and physician
  • 1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan political scientist and politician
  • 1970Andrei Tivontchik, German pole vaulter and trainer
  • 1971Mark Neeld, Australian footballer and coach
  • 1972Sean Waltman, American professional wrestler
  • 1974Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
  • 1975Diego Spotorno, Ecuadorian actor
  • 1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Cypriot singer-songwriter
  • 1976Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1977Chris Horn, American football player
  • 1978Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
  • 1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
  • 1979Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
  • 1979 – Daniel Díaz, Argentinian footballer
  • 1979 – Libuše Průšová, Czech tennis player
  • 1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater and coach
  • 1981Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
  • 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
  • 1982Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
  • 1982 – Simon Clist, English footballer
  • 1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
  • 1982 – Nick Kenny, Australian rugby league player
  • 1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
  • 1983Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
  • 1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
  • 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
  • 1984Ida Maria, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1985Trell Kimmons, American sprinter
  • 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
  • 1985 – Charlotte Dujardin, English equestrian
  • 1988Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, Brazilian-Italian footballer
  • 1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor, model and singer
  • 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor and model
  • 1988 – Raúl Spank, German high jumper
  • 1988 – Tulisa, English singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1989Leon Bridges, American soul singer, songwriter and record producer[9]
  • 1989 – Charis Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
  • 1990Kieran Foran, New Zealand rugby league player
  • 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentinian footballer
  • 1992Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
  • 1993Daniel Bentley, English footballer
  • 1995Cody Bellinger, American baseball player
  • 1995 – Dante Exum, Australian basketball player
  • 2002Deborah Medrado, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast[10]

Deaths[]

  • 574John III, pope of the Catholic Church[11]
  • 716Rui Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 662)
  • 815Wu Yuanheng, Chinese poet and politician (b. 758)
  • 884Huang Chao, Chinese rebel leader (b. 835)
  • 939Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church
  • 982Gunther, margrave of Merseburg[12]
  • 982 – Henry I, bishop of Augsburg[13]
  • 982 – Pandulf II, Lombard prince
  • 982 – Landulf IV, Lombard prince
  • 982 – Abu'l-Qasim, Kalbid emir of Sicily[14]
  • 1024Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
  • 1105Rashi, French rabbi and commentator (b. 1040)
  • 1205Hubert Walter, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of The United Kingdom (b. 1160)
  • 1357Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian academic and jurist (b. 1313)
  • 1380Bertrand du Guesclin, French nobleman and knight (b. 1320)
  • 1399Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (b. 1330)
  • 1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1399)
  • 1402Jianwen, Chinese emperor (b. 1377)
  • 1491Afonso, Portuguese prince (b. 1475)
  • 1551John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
  • 1617Adam Wenceslaus, duke of Cieszyn (b. 1574)
  • 1621Albert VII, archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
  • 1626Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1563)
  • 1628Robert Shirley, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1581)
  • 1629Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
  • 1683Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1631)
  • 1755Edward Braddock, Scottish general (b. 1695)
  • 1762James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
  • 1789Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist and academic (b. 1715)
  • 1793Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
  • 1807Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal (b. 1725)
  • 1881John C. Pemberton, American general (b. 1814)
  • 1889Robert Hamerling, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1830)
  • 1890John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (b. 1813)
  • 1890 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819)
  • 1893Young Man Afraid of His Horses, American tribal chief (b. 1836)
  • 1896August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (b. 1829)
  • 1907Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter and jurist (b. 1866)
  • 1911Allan McLean, Scottish-Australian politician, 19th Premier of Victoria (b. 1840)
  • 1921Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
  • 1922Martin Dies Sr., American journalist and politician (b. 1870)
  • 1927Mimar Kemaleddin Bey, Turkish architect and academic, designed the Tayyare Apartments (b. 1870)
  • 1934Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (b. 1849)
  • 1936Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese lawyer and politician (b. 1887)
  • 1941Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
  • 1945Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1879)
  • 1946Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (b. 1864)
  • 1949Walt Kuhn, American painter and academic (b. 1877)
  • 1951Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-American composer and painter (b. 1874)
  • 1954Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator (b. 1907)
  • 1960Joy Davidman, American-English poet and author (b. 1915)
  • 1965Photis Kontoglou, Greek painter and illustrator (b. 1895)
  • 1967Tom Simpson, English cyclist (b. 1937)
  • 1970Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (b. 1896)
  • 1970 – Sheng Shicai, Chinese warlord (b. 1895)
  • 1973Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (b. 1901)
  • 1974Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
  • 1976Frederick Hawksworth, English engineer (b. 1884)
  • 1976 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (b. 1915)
  • 1979Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
  • 1980Seretse Khama, Botswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
  • 1983Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer and author (b. 1909)
  • 1993Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
  • 1995Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (b. 1920)
  • 1996Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (b. 1905)
  • 1997Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
  • 1999Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
  • 2000Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (b. 1914)
  • 2003Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1907)
  • 2005Robert E. Ogren, American zoologist (b. 1922)
  • 2006Red Buttons, American actor (b. 1919)
  • 2007Michael Reardon, American mountaineer (b. 1965)
  • 2008Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1932)
  • 2010Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
  • 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (b. 1930)
  • 2011Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)
  • 2012Warren Jabali, American basketball player (b. 1946)
  • 2012 – Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
  • 2012 – Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1934)
  • 2013Leonard Garment, American lawyer and public servant, 14th White House Counsel (b. 1924)
  • 2013 – Henri Julien, French race car driver (b. 1927)
  • 2013 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1982)
  • 2013 – Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (b. 1938)
  • 2013 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (b. 1924)
  • 2013 – Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
  • 2014Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (b. 1924)
  • 2014 – Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
  • 2014 – Nadine Gordimer, South African novelist, short story writer, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
  • 2014 – Jeff Leiding, American football player (b. 1961)
  • 2014 – Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1930)
  • 2015Philipp Mißfelder, German historian and politician (b. 1979)
  • 2015 – Martin Litchfield West, English scholar, author, and academic (b. 1927)
  • 2017Liu Xiaobo, Chinese literary critic, human rights activist (b. 1955)
  • 2020Grant Imahara, American electrical engineer, roboticist, and television host (b. 1970)[15]
  • 2020 – Zindzi Mandela, South African politician, diplomat, and third daughter of Nelson Mandela (b. 1960).[16]

Holidays and observances[]

  • Christian feast day:
    • Abd-al-Masih
    • Abel of Tacla Haimonot (Coptic Church)
    • Clelia Barbieri
    • Conrad Weiser (Episcopal Church (USA))
    • Eugenius of Carthage
    • Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
    • Mildrith of Thanet
    • Rosa Mystica
    • Silas (Catholic Church)
    • Teresa of the Andes
    • July 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Feast of Kalimát, first day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í calendar. (Bahá'í Faith)
  • Statehood Day (Montenegro)
  • The last day of Naadam (Mongolia)
  • Kashmir Martyrs' Day (Pakistan)

References[]

  1. Constantin C. Giurescu, Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre, Ed. Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966, p. 123.
  2. Kutler, Stanley I. (1997). Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 638. ISBN 9780684851877
    Latham, Aaron (June 17, 1974). "'There is tape in the Oval Office'". New York Magazine. pp. 44–45. Retrieved July 13, 2016.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. Antony Kamm (27 September 2006). Julius Caesar: A Life. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-134-22033-5.
  4. Peter J. French (1987). John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus. Psychology Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7448-0079-1.
  5. John McClintock (1874). Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Harper. p. 380.
  6. "Eugenio Pagnini Olympic Results". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-18. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  7. Johnson, Douglas (30 June 2017). "Simone Veil obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  8. "David Thompson". The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  9. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/leon-bridges-mn0003380137/biography
  10. "Rhythmic Gymnastics | Team Profile: Brazil - Pan American Games Lima 2019". wrsd.lima2019.pe. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  11. "John III | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  12. Reuter, 177.
  13. "Heinrich I. Bischof von Augsburg (973-982)". manfred-hiebl.de. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  14. Template:PMBZ
  15. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/grant-imahara-dead-mythbusters-host-was-49-1303101
  16. Zindzi Mandela has passed away aged 59

External links[]


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