Culture Wikia
Advertisement
This article is about the incumbent President of the United States. For other uses, see Donald Trump (disambiguation).

Template:Infobox president Template:Donald Trump series

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American businessman, television personality, politician, and the 45th President of the United States.

Trump was born and raised in Queens, New York City, and earned an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He then took charge of The Trump Organization, the real estate and construction firm founded by his paternal grandmother, which he ran for four and a half decades until 2017. During his business career, Trump built, renovated, and managed numerous office towers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He has lent the use of his name for the branding of various products and properties. He owned the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants from 1996 to 2015, and he hosted The Apprentice, a reality television series on NBC, from 2004 to 2015. As of 2017, Forbes listed him as the 544th wealthiest person in the world (201st in the United States) with a net worth of $3.5 billion.

Trump first publicly expressed interest in running for political office in 1987. He won two Reform Party presidential primaries in 2000, but withdrew his candidacy early on. In June 2015, he launched his campaign for the 2016 presidential election, and quickly emerged as the front-runner among 17 candidates in the Republican primaries. His final opponents suspended their campaigns in May 2016, and in July he was formally nominated at the Republican National Convention along with Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate. His campaign received unprecedented media coverage and international attention. Many of the statements that he made in interviews, on social media, and at campaign rallies were controversial or false.

Trump won the general election on November 8, 2016, in a surprise victory against Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton. He became the oldest and wealthiest person to assume the presidency, the first without prior military or government service, and the fifth elected with less than a plurality of the national popular vote. His political positions have been described by scholars and commentators as populist, protectionist, and nationalist.

Page Template:TOC limit/styles.css has no content.

Personal life[]

Trump was born on June 14, 1946 at the Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Queens, New York City. He was the fourth of five children born to Frederick Christ "Fred" Trump (1905–1999) and Mary Anne Trump (née MacLeod, 1912–2000).[1][2] His siblings are Maryanne (born 1937), Fred Jr. (1938–1981), Elizabeth (born 1942), and Robert (born 1948).

Ancestry[]

Further information: Trump family

Trump's ancestors originate from the village of Kallstadt, Palatinate, Germany on his father's side, and from the Outer Hebrides isles of Scotland on his mother's. All his grandparents were born in Europe. His mother's grandfather was also christened "Donald".[3]

His paternal grandfather, Friedrich Trump, first emigrated to the United States in 1885 (aged 16), became a citizen in 1892, and amassed a fortune operating boom-town restaurants and boarding houses in the Seattle area and the Klondike region of Canada, during the gold rush.[4] On a visit to his home town, he met Elisabeth Christ and married her in 1902. After two years in New York City, the couple returned to Kallstadt but was ordered to leave in 1905 because Friedrich had skipped military service, so they settled in New York definitively.[5][6][7] He died from the flu pandemic of 1918 and Elizabeth incorporated the family real estate business, Elizabeth Trump and Son, which would later become The Trump Organization.

Trump's father Fred was born in the Bronx, and worked with his mother since he was 15 as a real estate developer in New York City, eventually building and selling thousands of houses, barracks and apartments.[7][8] His mother Mary Anne emigrated in 1930 (aged 18) from her birthplace of Tong, Lewis, Scotland to New York, where she worked as a maid.[9] Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.[9][10] Elizabeth's second son, John, became a notable physicist and inventor.[11]

Education[]

File:Donald Trump NYMA.jpg

Trump at New York Military Academy, 1964[12][13]

Trump grew up in the Jamaica Estates neighborhood of Queens, New York. He attended the Kew-Forest School from kindergarten through seventh grade. By age 13, Trump’s rambunctious behavior prompted his parents to enroll him at the New York Military Academy, a boarding school in Cornwall, New York. “I was a wise guy, and they wanted to get me in line,” Trump said. “Thinking back, it was a very positive influence.”[14]

In August 1964, Trump entered Fordham University in the Bronx. In September, 1966, he transferred to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, because it offered one of the few real estate studies departments in United States academia at the time. [15][16]

In addition to his father, other role models whom he sought to emulate included the Manhattan developer William Zeckendorf.[17][18][19] While at Wharton, he worked at the family's company, Elizabeth Trump & Son, named for his paternal grandmother.[20] He graduated from Penn in May 1968 with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.[16][21][22]

Trump was not drafted during the Vietnam War.[23] While in college from 1964 to 1968, he obtained four student deferments.[24] In 1966, he was deemed fit for service based upon a military medical examination, and in 1968 was briefly classified as fit by a local draft board, but was given a 1-Y medical deferment in October 1968.[25] He attributed his medical deferment to heel spurs.[26] In 1969, he received a high number in the draft lottery, which would also have likely exempted him from service.[25][27][28]

Family[]

Main article: Family of Donald Trump
File:Donald Trump and Melania Trump at Liberty Ball Inauguration 2017.jpg

Trumps at inaugural ball

Trump has five children by three marriages, and eight grandchildren.[29][30] His first two marriages ended in widely publicized divorces.[31]

Trump married his first wife, Czech model Ivana Zelníčková, in 1977 at the Marble Collegiate Church in Manhattan. The ceremony was performed by Reverend Norman Vincent Peale.[32][33] The couple had three children: Donald Jr. (born 1977), Ivanka (born 1981), and Eric (born 1984). Ivana was naturalized as a United States citizen in 1988.[34] The couple divorced in 1990 following Trump's affair with actress Marla Maples.[35]

In 1993, Maples gave birth to their daughter Tiffany.[36] They married two months later, with Trump's father Fred assisting as best man.[37] The couple separated in 1997 and eventually divorced in 1999.[38][39]

Following his second divorce, Trump entered a steady relationship with Slovene model Melania Knauss. They were married in 2005 at Bethesda-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church on the island of Palm Beach, Florida. A reception followed at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate, attended by Bill and Hillary Clinton among other celebrities.[40][41][42] In 2006, Melania became a naturalized United States citizen.[43] Later that year, she gave birth to their son Barron.[44][45] In addition to English, Barron is also fluent in Slovenian.[46] Melania Trump is now the First Lady of the United States.

Upon acceding to the presidency, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his two adult sons, Eric and Don Jr.[47] Meanwhile, his daughter Ivanka resigned from The Trump Organization and moved to Washington with her husband Jared Kushner, who serves as a senior advisor in the White House.[48] Trump's elder sister, Maryanne Trump Barry, is a federal appeals court judge on the Third Circuit, now inactive.[49]

Religion[]

The Trump family were originally Lutherans in Germany,[50] and his mother's upbringing was Presbyterian in Scotland.[51] His parents married in a Manhattan Presbyterian church in 1936.[52] As a child, he attended Sunday School at the First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica, Queens, and had his confirmation there.[53][53] In the 1970s, his family joined the Marble Collegiate Church (a New York City affiliate of the Reformed Church in America) in Manhattan.[54] The pastor at that church, Norman Vincent Peale, author of The Power of Positive Thinking and The Art of Living, ministered to Trump's family and mentored him until Peale's death in 1993.[55][54] Trump, who is Presbyterian,[56][57] has cited Peale and his works during interviews when asked about the role of religion in his personal life.[54]

After marrying his first wife Ivana in 1977 at Marble Collegiate Church, he attended that church until 2013.[58][53] In 2016, Trump visited Bethesda-by-the-Sea, an Episcopal church, for Christmas services.[59] Trump has said that he participates in Holy Communion. Beyond that, he has not asked God for forgiveness, stating: "I think if I do something wrong, I just try and make it right. I don't bring God into that picture."[60]

Trump refers to his ghostwritten book The Art of the Deal as "my second favorite book of all time, after the Bible. Nothing beats the Bible."[61][62] In a 2016 speech to Liberty University, he referred to "Two Corinthians" instead of "Second Corinthians", eliciting chuckles from the audience.[63] Despite this, The New York Times reported that Evangelical Christians nationwide thought "that his heart was in the right place, that his intentions for the country were pure".[64]

Outside of his church affiliations, Trump has relationships with a number of Christian spiritual leaders, including Florida pastor Paula White, who has been described as his "closest spiritual confidant".[65] In 2015, he asked for and received a blessing from Greek Orthodox priest Emmanuel Lemelson[66] and, in 2016, released a list of his religious advisers, including James Dobson, Jerry Falwell Jr., Ralph Reed and others.[67] Referring to his daughter Ivanka's conversion to Judaism before her marriage to Jared Kushner, Trump said in 2015: "I have a Jewish daughter; and I am very honored by that […] it wasn't in the plan but I am very glad it happened."[68]

Health[]

A 2016 medical report issued by his doctor, Harold Bornstein M.D., showed that Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid function were in normal ranges.[69][70] Trump says that he has never smoked cigarettes or consumed other drugs, including marijuana.[71][72] He also drinks no alcohol, a decision arising in part from watching his older brother Fred Jr. suffer from alcoholism until his early death in 1981.[73][74][75]

Wealth[]

File:Las-Vegas-Trump-Hotel-8480.jpg

Trump Hotel Las Vegas, with gold infused glass[76]

Trump has said that he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father (which "isn't very much compared to what I've built"), and paid back that loan with interest.[77] He was listed on the initial Forbes List of wealthy individuals in 1982 as having an estimated $200 million fortune, including a share of his father's estimated $200 million net worth.[78] He was absent from the list from 1990 to 1995 following losses which reportedly obliged him to borrow from his siblings' trusts in 1993.[78]

When he announced his candidacy on June 16, 2015, Trump released a one-page financial summary that stated a net worth of $8,737,540,000.[79] He declared, "I'm really rich", which he said would make him less reliant upon large campaign donations.[80][81] Forbes believed his suggestion of $9 billion was "a whopper", figuring it was actually $4.1 billion.[82][nb 1] Trump has stated that his income for the year 2014 was $362 million.[85]

After Trump made controversial remarks about illegal immigrants in 2015, he lost business contracts with NBCUniversal, Univision, Macy's, Serta, PVH Corporation, and Perfumania, which Forbes estimated negatively impacted his net worth by $125 million.[86] The value of the Trump brand may have fallen further during his presidential campaign, as some consumers boycotted Trump-branded products and services to protest his candidacy.[87] Bookings and foot traffic at Trump-branded properties fell off sharply in 2016,[88][89] and the release of the Access Hollywood tape recordings in October 2016 exacerbated this.[90]

In their 2017 annual billionaires' rankings, Forbes estimated Trump's net worth at $3.5 billion (544th in the world, 201st in the United States)[91] and Bloomberg at $3 billion,[84] making him one of the richest politicians in American history. Trump himself stated that his net worth was over $10 billion,[85] with the discrepancy essentially stemming from the uncertain value of appraised property and of his personal brand.[84][92]

Page Template:Multiple image/styles.css has no content.

Central Park's Wollman Rink, which was renovated by Trump

Real estate career[]

Main article: Business career of Donald Trump § Real estate

While a student at the University of Pennsylvania, Trump began his real estate career at his father's company,[93] Elizabeth Trump and Son,[94] which focused on middle-class rental housing in the New York City boroughs but also had some business out of state. For example, during his undergraduate study, Trump and his father Fred successfully revitalized the foreclosed Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio boosting the occupancy rate from 66% to 100%.[95]

After being promoted to president of the company in the early 1970s (while his father became chairman of the board), he renamed it to The Trump Organization.[96][97] In 1973, he and his father drew wider attention when the Justice Department contended that the organization systematically discriminated against African Americans wishing to rent apartments, rather than merely screening out people based on low income as the Trumps stated. An agreement was later signed in which the Trumps made no admission of wrongdoing, and under which qualified minority applicants would be presented by the Urban League.[98][99] His adviser, publicist, and attorney during that period was Roy Cohn, who responded to attacks by counterattacking with maximum force, a tactic that Trump appreciated.[100]

Early Manhattan developments[]

In 1978, Trump consummated his first major real estate deal in Manhattan, purchasing a half-share in the Commodore Hotel, largely funded by a $70 million construction loan jointly guaranteed by Fred Trump and the Hyatt hotel chain. After remodeling, the hotel reopened as the Grand Hyatt Hotel, located next to Grand Central Terminal.[101][102]

Also in 1978, Trump finished negotiations to develop Trump Tower, a 58-story, 202-meter (663-foot) skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, for which The New York Times attributed his "persistence" and "skills as a negotiator".[103] The building was completed in 1983, and houses both the primary penthouse condominium residence of Trump and the headquarters of The Trump Organization.[104][105] Trump Tower was the setting of the NBC television show The Apprentice, and includes a fully functional television studio set.[106]

Repairs on the Wollman Rink (originally opened in 1949 in Central Park) were started in 1980 by a general contractor unconnected to Trump. Despite an expected ​2 12-year construction schedule, the repairs were not completed by 1986. Trump took over the project, completed it in three months for $750,000 less than the initial budget of $1.95 million, and operated the rink for one year with all profits going to charity in exchange for the rink's concession rights.[107]

Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan in 1988 for $400 million, and asked his then-wife Ivana to manage its operation and renovation.[108] The hotel was built in 1907, and Trump called it "the ultimate work of art". According to hotel expert Thomas McConnell, the Trumps boosted it from a three-star to a four-star ranking, and sold it in 1995 by which time Ivana was no longer involved.[109]

Palm Beach estate[]

Main article: Mar-a-Lago

Trump acquired the historic Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, in 1985 for $5 million, plus $3 million for the home's furnishings. It was built from 1924 to 1927 by heiress and socialite Marjorie Merriweather Post, who envisioned the house as a future winter retreat for American presidents.

In addition to using the home for this purpose, Trump also turned it into a private club with membership fees of $150,000. At about the same time, he acquired a condominium complex in Palm Beach with Lee Iacocca that became Trump Plaza of the Palm Beaches.[110]

Atlantic City casinos[]

Harrah's at Trump Plaza opened in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1984. The hotel/casino was built by Trump with financing by Holiday Corporation,[111] and operated by the Harrah's gambling unit of Holiday Corp. Renamed simply "Trump Plaza", the casino's poor results exacerbated disagreements between Trump and Holiday Corp., which led to Trump paying $70 million in May 1986 to buy out Harrah's interest in the property.[112][113] Trump also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the Hilton Corporation for $320 million. When completed in 1985, the hotel/casino became Trump Castle. Trump's wife, Ivana, managed the property.[114]

File:Trump Taj Mahal, 2007.jpg

Entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City

Later in 1988, Trump acquired the Taj Mahal casino in Atlantic City in a transaction with Merv Griffin and Resorts International.[115] The casino was opened in April 1990, and was built at a total cost of $1.1 billion, which at the time made it the most expensive casino ever built.[116][117] Financed with $675 million in junk bonds[118] at a 14% interest rate, the project entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy the following year.[119] Banks and bondholders, facing potential losses of hundreds of millions of dollars, opted to restructure the debt.

The Taj Mahal emerged from bankruptcy on October 5, 1991, with Trump ceding 50 percent ownership in the casino to the bondholders in exchange for lowered interest rates and more time to pay off the debt.[120] He also sold his financially challenged Trump Shuttle airline and his 282-foot (86 m) megayacht, the Trump Princess.[118][121][122]

The Taj Mahal was repurchased in 1996 and consolidated, along with Trump Plaza and Trump Castle, into Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which filed for bankruptcy in 2004 with $1.8 billion in debt, filing again for bankruptcy five years later with $50 million in assets and $500 million in debt. The restructuring ultimately left Trump with 10% ownership in the Trump Taj Mahal and other Trump casino properties.[122] Trump served as chairman of the publicly-traded THCR organization, which was renamed Trump Entertainment Resorts, from mid-1995 until early 2009, and served as CEO from mid-2000 to mid-2005.[123]

During the 1990s, Trump's casino ventures faced competition from the Native-American owned Foxwoods casino in Connecticut. In 1993, Trump made controversial comments in his testimony to a Congressional committee, famously stating that the casino owners did not look like real Indians.[124][125] But despite that well-publicized quote which related to the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe, Trump became a key investor who backed the Paucatuck Eastern Pequots who were seeking state recognition.[126]

Legal affairs[]

Main article: Legal affairs of Donald Trump

As of 2016, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 3,500 state and federal legal actions. Trump or one of his companies was the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450. As plaintiff, more than half have been against gamblers at his casinos who had failed to pay off their debts. As a defendant, the most common type involved personal injury cases at his hotels. In cases where there was a clear resolution, Trump's side won 451 times and lost 38.[127][128]

Business bankruptcies[]

Trump has never filed for personal bankruptcy, but his hotel and casino businesses have been declared bankrupt six times between 1991 and 2009 in order to re-negotiate debt with banks and owners of stock and bonds.[129][130] Because the businesses used Chapter 11 bankruptcy, they were allowed to operate while negotiations proceeded. Trump was quoted by Newsweek in 2011 saying, "I do play with the bankruptcy laws – they're very good for me" as a tool for trimming debt.[131][132]

The six bankruptcies were the result of over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York: Trump Taj Mahal (1991), Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino (1992), Plaza Hotel (1992), Trump Castle Hotel and Casino (1992), Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts (2004), and Trump Entertainment Resorts (2009).[133][134][135] Trump said, "I've used the laws of this country to pare debt ... We'll have the company. We'll throw it into a chapter. We'll negotiate with the banks. We'll make a fantastic deal. You know, it's like on The Apprentice. It's not personal. It's just business."[119]

A 2016 analysis of Trump's business career by The Economist concluded that his "… performance [from 1985 to 2016] has been mediocre compared with the stock market and property in New York", noting both his successes and bankruptcies.[136] A subsequent analysis by The Washington Post concluded that "Trump is a mix of braggadocio, business failures, and real success."[137]

Personal taxes[]

Trump has refused to release his tax returns saying instead that the financial filings he was required to file as a candidate are sufficient. He has also said, his returns are under audit and does not wish to release them while the audit is in progress. [138] On October 1, 2016, the New York Times obtained three pages of Trump's 1995 tax return. A reporter claimed that the documents were received in her Times mailbox. Each of the three pages is one page from Trump's state filings in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. They show that using allowed deductions for losses, Trump claimed a loss of $916 million on his 1995 federal tax returns. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.[139] When asked if he used the tax code to avoid paying taxes, he said, "Of course I did. Of course I did." He then went on to say he paid "hundreds of millions of dollars in taxes", calling it a "simple" thing. "I pay tax, and I pay federal tax, too", he said.[140] [141][142]

On March 14, 2017 the first two pages of Trump's 2005 1040 federal income tax returns were sent to author David Cay Johnston, who in turn, shared them with Rachel Maddow of MSNBC. The released documents 1040 tax return form, showed that Trump paid $38 million in federal taxes and had a gross adjusted income of $150 million.[143][144] Before the show went on air, the White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents and stated: "Despite this substantial income figure and tax paid, it is totally illegal to steal and publish tax returns."[143][144]

More buildings in New York and worldwide[]

File:Trump Tower Vancouver, August 2016.jpg

Trump International Hotel and Tower in Vancouver

In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant seventy-story skyscraper on Wall Street—the former Bank of Manhattan Trust Building—which had briefly been the tallest building in the world when it was completed in 1930. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building at 40 Wall Street.[145] After his father died in 1999, Trump and his siblings received equal portions[failed verification] of his father's estate valued at $250–300 million.[146]

In 2001, Trump completed Trump World Tower, a 72-story residential tower across from the United Nations Headquarters.[147] Trump also began construction on Trump Place, a multi-building development along the Hudson River. He continued to own commercial space in Trump International Hotel and Tower, a 44-story mixed-use (hotel and condominium) tower on Columbus Circle which he acquired in 1996,[148] and also continued to own millions of square feet of other prime Manhattan real estate.[149]

Trump acquired the former Hotel Delmonico in Manhattan in 2002. It was re-opened with 35 stories of luxury condominiums in 2004 as the Trump Park Avenue.[150]

Most recently, The Trump Organization has expanded its footprint beyond the United States, with the co-development and management of hotel towers in Chicago, Honolulu, Las Vegas, New York City, Washington D.C., Panama City, Rio de Janeiro, Toronto, and Vancouver.

Ties to Russia[]

Main article: Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia

Trump has pursued business deals in Russia since 1987, although his real estate projects there never materialized. In 1996, Trump filed trademark applications for potential Russian real estate development deals.[151][152] Along with his partners and children, Trump visited Moscow several times, connecting with developers and government officials to explore joint venture opportunities.[153][154][155][156] However, some of his real estate developments outside Russia have received a large part of their financing from private Russian investors, sometimes referred to as "oligarchs". In 2008 his son Donald Trump Jr. said "Russians make up a pretty disproportionate cross-section of a lot of our assets" and "we see a lot of money pouring in from Russia".[157][158][159] Trump hosted the 2013 Miss Universe pageant in Moscow, in partnership with Russian billionaire Aras Agalarov, but, as of 2017, he has no known investments or businesses in Russia.[153][155]

Golf courses[]

File:Turnberry Hotel.jpg

Turnberry Hotel in Ayrshire, Scotland

The Trump Organization operates many golf courses and resorts in the United States and around the world. According to Golfweek, Trump owns or manages about 18 golf courses.[160] Trump's personal financial disclosure with the Federal Elections Commission stated that his golf and resort revenue for the year 2015 was roughly $382 million.[161][162]

In 2006, Trump bought the Menie Estate in Balmedie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland and created a golf resort against the wishes of some local residents[163] on an area designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[164][165] A 2011 independent documentary, You've Been Trumped, by British filmmaker Anthony S. Baxter, chronicled the golf resort's construction and the subsequent nimbyism struggles between the locals and Trump.[166] Despite Trump's promises of 6,000 jobs, he stated in 2016 that the golf course has created only 200 jobs.[167] In June 2015, Trump made an appeal objecting to an offshore windfarm being built within sight of the golf course,[168] which was dismissed by five justices at the UK Supreme Court in December 2015.[169]

In April 2014, Trump purchased the Turnberry hotel and golf resort in Ayrshire, Scotland, which hosted the Open Championship 4 times between 1977 and 2009.[170][171] After extensive renovations and a remodeling of the course by golf architect Martin Ebert, Turnberry was re-opened on June 24, 2016.[172]

Business career beyond real estate[]

Main article: Business career of Donald Trump

After Trump took charge of the family real estate firm in 1971, and renamed it The Trump Organization, he not only greatly expanded its real estate operations, but also ventured into numerous other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.[173]

When Trump was elected president in November 2016, the question arose how he would avoid conflicts of interest with his work in the White House and his business activities. At a press conference on January 10, 2017, Trump said he and his daughter Ivanka would resign all roles with The Trump Organization, while his two oldest sons Don Jr. and Eric would run the business, together with Chief Financial Officer Allen Weisselberg.[174]

Trump retains his financial stake in the business.[175] His attorney Sherri Dillon said that before the January 20 inauguration, Trump would put those business assets into a trust, which would hire an ethics advisor and a compliance counsel. She added that the Trump Organization would not pursue any new foreign business deals, while continuing to pursue domestic opportunities.[176]

Sports events[]

Main article: Business career of Donald Trump § Professional sports
File:Donald trump at the game (3728975319).jpg

Trump at a New York Mets home game in 2009

In September 1983, Trump purchased the New Jersey Generals—an American Football team that played in the United States Football League—from oil magnate J. Walter Duncan. The USFL played its first three seasons during the spring and summer, but Trump convinced the majority of the owners of other USFL teams to move the USFL's 1986 schedule to the fall. He argued that the new schedule would coincide with the National Football League and would eventually force a merger with the NFL, thereby significantly increasing their investment.[177]

After the 1985 season, the Generals merged with the Houston Gamblers, but the organization experienced continuous financial difficulties. The USFL was down to just seven active franchises from a high of eighteen and was soon forced to fold, despite winning an antitrust lawsuit against the NFL.[178]

Trump remained involved with other sports after the Generals folded, operating golf courses in several countries.[178] He also hosted several boxing matches in Atlantic City at the Trump Plaza, including Mike Tyson's 1988 fight against Michael Spinks, and at one time, acted as a financial advisor to Tyson.[178][179][180]

In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the Tour de Trump cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the Tour de France or the Giro d'Italia. The inaugural race was controversial, and Trump withdrew his sponsorship after the second Tour de Trump in 1990, because his other business ventures were experiencing financial woes. The race continued for several more years as the Tour DuPont.[181][182]

Trump submitted a stalking-horse bid on the Buffalo Bills when it came up for sale following Ralph Wilson's death in 2014; he was ultimately outbid, as he expected, and Kim and Terrence Pegula won the auction.[183] During his 2016 presidential run, he was critical of the NFL's updated concussion rules, complaining on the campaign trail that the game has been made "soft" and "weak", saying a concussion is just "a ding on the head". He accused referees of throwing penalty flags needlessly just to be seen on television "so their wives see them at home."[184]

Beauty pageants[]

Further information: Miss USA, Miss Universe, and Miss Teen USA

From 1996 until 2015,[185] Trump owned part or all of the Miss Universe, Miss USA, and Miss Teen USA beauty pageants. The Miss Universe pageant was founded in 1952 by the California clothing company Pacific Mills.[186] Trump was dissatisfied with how CBS scheduled his pageants, and took both Miss Universe and Miss USA to NBC in 2002.[187][188]

In 2015, NBC and Univision both ended their business relationships with the Miss Universe Organization after Trump's controversial 2015 presidential campaign remarks about Mexican illegal immigrants.[189][190] Trump subsequently filed a $500 million lawsuit against Univision, alleging a breach of contract and defamation.[191][192] The lawsuit was settled in February 2016, but terms of the settlement were not disclosed.[193]

On September 11, 2015, Trump announced that he had become the sole owner of the Miss Universe Organization by purchasing NBC's stake.[194][195] He sold his own interests in the pageant shortly afterwards to WME/IMG.[185]

Model management[]

Main article: Trump Model Management

In 1999, Trump founded a modeling company, Trump Model Management, which operates in the SoHo neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.[196] Together with another Trump company, Trump Management Group LLC, Trump Model Management has brought nearly 250 foreign fashion models into the United States to work in the fashion industry since 2000.[197] In 2014, the company, along with its president Corrine Nicolas and other managers, were sued by one of the agency's former models, Alexia Palmer, alleging racketeering, breach of contract, mail fraud, and violating immigrant wage laws.[198] Palmer alleged that Trump Model Management promised to withhold only 20% of her net pay as agency expenses, but after charging her for "obscure expenses", ended up taking 80%.[199] The case was dismissed from U.S. federal court in March 2016, in part because Palmer's immigration status, via H1-B visa sponsored by Trump, required labor complaints to be filed through a separate process.[199][200]

Trump University[]

Main article: Trump University

Trump University LLC was an American for-profit education company that ran a real estate training program from 2005 until at least 2010.[201] After multiple lawsuits, the business is now defunct. It was founded by Trump and his associates, Michael Sexton and Jonathan Spitalny, and offered courses, charging between $1,500 and $35,000 per course.[202][203] In 2005 the operation was notified by New York State authorities that its use of the word "university" violated state law, and after a second such notification in 2010, the name of the company was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute".[204] Trump was also found personally liable for failing to obtain a business license for the operation.[205]

In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit alleging that Trump University made false claims and defrauded consumers.[204][206] In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court relating to Trump University; they named Trump personally as well as his companies.[207] During the presidential campaign, Trump repeatedly criticized Judge Gonzalo P. Curiel who oversaw those two cases, alleging bias because of his Mexican heritage.[208][209][210] Trump later said that his concerns about Curiel's impartiality were not based upon ethnicity alone, but also upon rulings in the case.[211][212]

The Low v. Trump case was set for trial on November 28, 2016 in San Diego.[213] Shortly after Trump won the presidency, the parties agreed to a settlement of all three pending cases. In the settlement, Trump did not admit to any wrongdoing but agreed to pay a total of $25 million.[214][215] The litigants agreed to the settlement just an hour before a hearing regarding Trump's latest request to delay the trial until after the inauguration. Jason Forge, the attorney for the plaintiffs, said he "definitely detected a change of tone and change of approach" from the Trump representatives after the election.[216] The settlement was called into question on March 6, 2017, when Sherri Simpson, a Florida bankruptcy lawyer and former Trump University student, filed an objection.[217]

Branding and licensing[]

Main article: List of things named after Donald Trump

Trump has marketed his name on a large number of building projects that are owned and operated by other people and companies, as well as licensing his name for various commercial products and services. In doing so, he achieved mixed success for himself, his partners, and investors in the projects.[218] In 2011, Forbes' financial experts estimated the value of the Trump brand at $200 million. Trump disputed this valuation, saying his brand was worth about $3 billion.[219]

Because developers pay Trump to market their properties and to be the public face for their projects, some buildings that display his name are not owned or operated by him.[220][220] According to Forbes, this portion of Trump's empire, actually run by his children, is by far his most valuable, having a $562 million valuation, with 33 licensing projects under development including seven Trump International Hotel and Tower "condo hotels".

Properties to which Trump has licensed his name and image include two in Florida that have gone into foreclosure.[221] The Turkish owner of Trump Towers Istanbul, who pays Trump for the use of his name, was reported in December 2015 to be exploring legal means to dissociate the property after the candidate's call to temporarily ban Muslims from entering the United States.[222]

Foundation[]

Main article: Donald J. Trump Foundation

The Donald J. Trump Foundation is a U.S.-based private foundation[223] established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book Trump: The Art of the Deal by Trump and Tony Schwartz.[224][225] The foundation's funds have mostly come from donors other than Trump,[226] who has not given personally to the charity since 2008.[226]

The foundation's tax returns show that it has given to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.[227] In 2009, for example, the foundation gave $926,750 to about 40 groups, with the biggest donations going to the Arnold Palmer Medical Center Foundation ($100,000), the New York–Presbyterian Hospital ($125,000), the Police Athletic League ($156,000), and the Clinton Foundation ($100,000).[228][229] From 2004 to 2014, the top donors to the foundation were Vince and Linda McMahon of WWE, who donated $5 million to the foundation after Trump appeared at WrestleMania in 2007.[226] Linda McMahon later became Administrator of the Small Business Administration.[230]

In 2016, investigations by The Washington Post uncovered several potential legal and ethical violations conducted by the charity, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.[231] After beginning an investigation into the foundation, the New York State Attorney General's office notified the Trump Foundation that it was allegedly in violation of New York laws regarding charities, and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.[232][233][234] A Trump spokesman called the investigation a "partisan hit job".[232] In response to mounting complaints, Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Trump Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".[235]

Media career[]

Further information: Donald Trump in popular culture, Filmography of Donald Trump, and Donald Trump in music

Trump has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award and has made cameo appearances in 12 films and 14 television series.[236] He has also played an oil tycoon in The Little Rascals. Trump is a member of the Screen Actors Guild and receives an annual pension of more than $110,000.[237][238] He has been the subject of comedians, flash cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. Trump also had his own daily talk radio program called Trumped![239][240][241]

The Apprentice[]

Main articles: The Apprentice (U.S. TV series) and The Apprentice (TV series)
File:Trump and Rodman 2009.jpg

Trump posing with former NBA basketball player Dennis Rodman during Rodman's 2009 participation on Celebrity Apprentice

In 2003, Trump became the executive producer and host of the NBC reality show The Apprentice, in which a group of competitors battled for a high-level management job in one of Trump's commercial enterprises. Contestants were successively "fired" and eliminated from the game. For the first year of the show, Trump earned $50,000 per episode (roughly $700,000 for the first season), but following the show's initial success, he was paid $1 million per episode.[242] In a July 2015 press release, Trump's campaign manager said that NBCUniversal had paid him $213,606,575 for his 14 seasons hosting the show,[85] although the network did not verify the statement.[243] In 2007, Trump received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to television on The Apprentice.[218][244]

Along with British TV producer Mark Burnett, Trump was hired as host of The Celebrity Apprentice, in which celebrities compete to win money for their charities. While Trump and Burnett co-produced the show, Trump stayed in the forefront, deciding winners and "firing" losers. International versions of The Apprentice franchise were co-produced by Burnett and Trump.

On February 16, 2015, NBC announced that they would be renewing The Apprentice for a 15th season.[245] On February 27, Trump stated that he was "not ready" to sign on for another season because of the possibility of a presidential run.[246] Despite this, on March 18, NBC announced they were going ahead with production.[247] On June 29, after widespread negative reaction stemming from Trump's campaign announcement speech, NBC released a statement saying, "Due to the recent derogatory statements by Donald Trump regarding immigrants, NBCUniversal is ending its business relationship with Mr. Trump."[248]

After Trump's election campaign and presidential win led to his departure from the program, actor and former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger replaced Trump as host for the fifteenth season.[249] Trump is still credited as an executive producer for the show.[250]

Professional wrestling[]

Trump is a World Wrestling Entertainment fan and a friend of WWE chairman Vince McMahon. In 1988–89 Trump hosted WrestleMania IV and V at Boardwalk Hall (dubbed "Trump Plaza" for storyline purposes) and has been an active participant in several of the shows.[251] He also appeared in WrestleMania VII, and was interviewed ringside at WrestleMania XX.[252]

Trump appeared at WrestleMania 23 in a match called "The Battle of the Billionaires".[251] He was in Bobby Lashley's corner, while Vince McMahon was in the corner of Lashley's opponent Umaga, with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the special guest referee.[251] The terms of the match were that either Trump or McMahon would have their head shaved if their competitor lost.[251] Lashley won the match, and so McMahon was shaved bald.[251]

On June 15, 2009, McMahon announced as part of a storyline on Monday Night Raw that he had "sold" the show to Trump.[251] Appearing on screen, Trump declared that he would be at the following commercial-free episode in person and would give a full refund to the people who purchased tickets to the arena for that night's show.[251] McMahon "bought back" Raw the following week for twice the price.[251]

In 2013, Trump was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame at Madison Square Garden for his contributions to the promotion. He made his sixth WrestleMania appearance the following night at WrestleMania 29.[253]

Political career up to 2015[]

Early involvement in politics[]

File:TrumpGlobe Sept287.png

Trump's 1987 advertisement in a December edition of The Boston Globe, criticizing U.S. defense policy.

Trump first expressed interest in running for office in 1987, when he spent $100,000 to place full-page advertisements critiquing the defense policy of the Reagan administration in several newspapers.[254][255] Trump had previously been an early supporter of Ronald Reagan in the 1970s.[256] As of December 1988, Trump was the tenth most admired person in America according to a Gallup poll.[257][258]

Trump considered the idea of running for president in 1988, 2004, and 2012, and for Governor of New York in 2006 and 2014, but did not enter those respective races.[259][260] In February 2009, Trump appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman, and spoke about the automotive industry crisis of 2008–10. He said that "instead of asking for money", General Motors "should go into bankruptcy and work that stuff out in a deal".[261]

Trump publicly speculated about seeking the 2012 Republican presidential nomination, and a Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll released in March 2011 found Trump leading among potential contenders; he was one point ahead of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney.[262] A Newsweek poll conducted in February 2011 showed Trump within a few points of incumbent president Barack Obama, with many voters undecided in the November 2012 general election for president of the United States.[263] A poll released in April 2011 by Public Policy Polling showed Trump having a nine-point lead in a potential contest for the Republican nomination for president while he was still actively considering a run.[264][265] His moves were interpreted by some media as possible promotional tools for his reality show The Apprentice.[266][267][268]

Trump played a leading role in "birther" conspiracy theories that had been circulating since President Obama's 2008 presidential campaign.[269][270] Beginning in March 2011, Trump publicly questioned Obama's citizenship and eligibility to serve as President.[271][272][273] Although the Obama campaign had released a copy of the short-form birth certificate in 2008,[274] Trump demanded to see the original "long-form" certificate.[271] He mentioned having sent investigators to Hawaii to research the question, but he did not follow up with any findings.[271] He also repeated a debunked allegation that Obama's grandmother said she had witnessed his birth in Kenya.[275][276] When the White House later released Obama's long-form birth certificate,[277] Trump took credit for obtaining the document, saying "I hope it checks out."[278] His official biography mentions his purported role in forcing Obama's hand,[279] and he has defended his pursuit of the issue when prompted, later saying that his promotion of the conspiracy made him "very popular".[280] In 2011, Trump had called for Obama to release his student records, questioning whether his grades warranted entry into an Ivy League school.[281] When asked in 2015 whether he believed Obama was born in the United States, Trump said he did not want to discuss the matter further.[282][283] In September 2016, Trump publicly acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S., and said that the rumors had been started by Hillary Clinton during her 2008 presidential campaign.[272][284][285]

File:Donald Trump (5440995138).jpg

Trump speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2011

Trump made his first speaking appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in February 2011. His appearance at CPAC was organized by GOProud, an LGBT conservative organization, in conjunction with GOProud supporter Roger Stone, who was close with Trump. GOProud pushed for a write-in campaign for Trump at CPAC's presidential straw poll. The 2011 CPAC speech Trump gave is credited for helping kick-start his political career within the Republican Party.[286][287] Christopher R. Barron, co-founder of GOProud, would later endorse Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, and launch "LGBT for Trump", a political campaign with the goal of encouraging lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people to support Trump.[288]

In the 2012 Republican primaries, Trump generally had polled at or below 17 percent among the crowded field of possible candidates.[289] On May 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run for president in the 2012 election, while also saying he would have become the President of the United States, had he ran.[266]

In 2013, Trump was a featured speaker at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).[290] During the lightly attended early-morning speech, Trump spoke out against illegal immigration, then-President Obama's "unprecedented media protection", and advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security.[291][292]

Additionally, Trump spent over $1 million in 2013 to research a possible run for president of the United States.[293] In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against Andrew Cuomo. In response to the memo, Trump said that while New York had problems and that its taxes were too high, running for governor was not of great interest to him.[294] In January 2014, Trump made statements denying climate change that were discordant with the opinion of the scientific community.[295] A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.[296] In February 2015, Trump told NBC that he was not prepared to sign on for another season of The Apprentice, as he mulled his political future.[297]

2000 presidential campaign[]

Main article: Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000

In 1999, Trump filed an exploratory committee to seek the presidential nomination of the Reform Party in 2000.[298][299] A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee George W. Bush and likely Democratic nominee Al Gore showed Trump with seven percent support.[300] Trump eventually dropped out of the race due to party infighting, but still won the party's California and Michigan primaries after doing so.[301][302][303][304]

Political affiliations[]

File:Trump Meets Reagan.jpg

Trump meets with President Ronald Reagan at a 1987 White House reception, 30 years before taking office

Trump's political party affiliation has changed numerous times over the years. Trump's political party affiliations prior to 1987 remain unclear, though Trump was an early supporter of Republican Ronald Reagan for United States President in the late 1970s.[256] By 1987, Trump had registered as a Republican in Manhattan.[305]

In 1999, Trump switched to the Reform Party for three years and ran a presidential exploratory campaign for its nomination. After his run, Trump left the party in 2001, ostensibly due to the involvement of David Duke, Pat Buchanan, and Lenora Fulani.[298]

From 2001 to 2008, Trump identified as a Democrat, but in 2008, he endorsed Republican John McCain for President. In 2009, he officially changed his party registration to Republican.[306] In December 2011, Trump became an independent for five months before returning to the Republican Party, where he later pledged to stay.[307][308]

Trump has made contributions to campaigns of both Republican Party and Democratic Party candidates, with the top ten recipients of his political contributions being six Democrats and four Republicans.[309] After 2011, his campaign contributions were more favorable to Republicans than to Democrats.[310] In February 2012, Trump openly endorsed Republican Mitt Romney for President.[311] When asked in 2015 which recent president he prefers, Trump picked Democrat Bill Clinton over the Republican Bushes.[312][313]

According to a New York state report, Trump circumvented corporate and personal campaign donation limits in the 1980s—although no laws were broken—by donating money to candidates from 18 different business subsidiaries, rather than donating primarily in his own name.[314][315] Trump told investigators he did so on the advice of his lawyers. He also said the contributions were not to gain favor with business-friendly candidates, but simply to satisfy requests from friends.[314][316]

2016 presidential campaign[]

Main article: Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016
File:Donald Trump Laconia Rally, Laconia, NH 4 by Michael Vadon July 16 2015 19.jpg

Trump campaigning in Laconia, New Hampshire, on July 16, 2015

On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump drew attention to domestic issues such as illegal immigration, offshoring of American jobs, the U.S. national debt, and Islamic terrorism, which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan, "Make America Great Again".[317]

In his campaign, Trump said that he disdained political correctness; he also stated that the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse media bias.[318][319][320] In part due to his fame, Trump received an unprecedented amount of unpaid coverage from the media during his run for the presidency; this elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.[321]

Republican leaders such as House Speaker Paul Ryan were hesitant to support him during his early quest for the presidency. They doubted his chances of winning the general election and feared that he could harm the image of the Republican Party.[322][323]

The alt-right movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,[324] due in part to its opposition to multiculturalism and immigration.[325][326] The connection of this group to the Trump campaign is controversial; writers such as Jon Ronson have suggested that the link between Trump and members of the alt-right such as Alex Jones and Roger Stone is a marriage of convenience.[327]

During the campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white nationalists,[328] especially in his apparent refusal to condemn the support of David Duke, a former Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, in a CNN interview with Jake Tapper. He had previously criticized Duke in 1991, disavowed himself from the 2000 Reform Party due to the support of Duke and others, and condemned Duke on the campaign trail both before and after the interview.[329] In August, he appointed Steve Bannon—the executive chairman of Breitbart News—as his campaign CEO; the website was described by Bannon as "the platform for the alt-right".[330] However, Bannon later told the Wall Street Journal that he was an "economic nationalist" but not "a supporter of ethno-nationalism".[331]

Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on protesters inside the rallies, and clashes between protesters and Trump supporters outside the venues.[332][333][334]

Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.[335][336][337] At least four major publications – Politico, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times – have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements.[338] Trump's penchant for hyperbole is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth. Trump has called his public speaking "truthful hyperbole", though online media outlets such as Yahoo! believed Trump's "truthful hyperbole" to be a political tactic.[339][340] Lucas Graves, an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Journalism & Mass Communication,[341] opined, of Trump's speaking, that Trump "often speaks in a suggestive way that makes it unclear what exactly he meant, so that fact-checkers "have to be really careful when you pick claims to check to pick things ... that reflect what the speaker was clearly trying to communicate".[342] Other sources, such as NPR, also observed that Trump's statements during the campaign were often opaque or suggestive.[343]

Primaries[]

Main article: Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
File:Trump Rally in Cincinnati.jpg

Trump rally in the U.S. Bank Arena, Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 13, 2016

Trump entered a field of 16 candidates who were vying for the 2016 Republican nomination; this was the largest presidential field in American history.[344] Trump participated in eleven of the twelve Republican debates, skipping only the seventh debate on January 28 (that was the last debate before primary voting began on February 1). The debates received historically high television ratings, which increased the visibility of Trump's campaign.[345]

By early 2016, the race had mostly centered on Trump and U.S. Senator Ted Cruz.[346] On Super Tuesday, Trump won the plurality of the vote and remained the front-runner throughout the remainder of the primaries. By March 2016, Trump became poised to win the Republican nomination.[347] After a landslide win in Indiana on May 3, 2016, which prompted the remaining candidates Ted Cruz and John Kasich to suspend their presidential campaigns, RNC Chairman Reince Priebus declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.[348] With nearly 14 million votes, Trump broke the all-time record for winning the most primary votes in the history of the Republican Party. He also set the record for the largest number of votes against the front runner.[349]

General election campaign[]

Main article: United States presidential election, 2016
File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg

Trump with his running mate Mike Pence at the Republican National Convention on July 20, 2016

File:Trump-Pence 2016.svg

Trump–Pence 2016 campaign logo

After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump's focus shifted to the general election, urging remaining primary voters to "save [their] vote for the general election".[350] Trump began targeting Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016, and continued to campaign across the country. One month before the Republican National Convention, Secret Service agents thwarted an assassination attempt on Trump during one of his rallies in Las Vegas; they seized a 20-year-old British man who was illegally residing in the U.S.[351]

Clinton had established a significant lead in national polls over Trump throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her ongoing email controversy.[352][353][354] In reference to the matter, FBI Director James Comey opined Clinton had been "extremely careless" in her handling of classified government material.[355]

On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana Governor Mike Pence as his running mate.[356] Trump and Pence were officially nominated by the Republican Party on July 19, 2016, at the Republican National Convention.[357] The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee Bob Dole, but the other prior nominees did not attend, though John McCain endorsed Trump prior to the convention.[358][359]

Two days later, Trump officially accepted the nomination in a 76-minute speech inspired by Richard Nixon's 1968 acceptance speech.[360] The historically long speech was watched by nearly 35 million people and received mixed reviews, with net negative viewer reactions according to CNN and Gallup polls.[361][362][363]

In late July, Trump came close to Clinton in national polls following a 3 to 4 percentage point convention bounce, in line with the average bounce in conventions since 2004, although it was toward the small side by historical standards.[364] Following Clinton's 7 percent convention bounce, she significantly extended her lead over Trump in national polls at the start of August.[365][366]

Requests to release tax returns[]

Main article: Donald Trump's tax returns

Trump has declined to publicly release any of his full tax returns,[367] which led to speculation about whether or not he was hiding something.[368] Pursuant to FEC regulations, Trump published a 92-page financial disclosure form that listed all his assets, liabilities, income sources and hundreds of business positions.[161]

Trump said that his tax returns are being audited and his lawyers advise against release.[369][370] Trump has told the news media that his tax rate was "none of your business", but added, "I fight very hard to pay as little tax as possible."[371][372] Every candidate since Gerald Ford in 1976 released their taxes before the election.[373] Although no law prohibits release of tax returns during an audit, tax attorneys differ about whether such a release is wise legal strategy.[374][375]

In January 2017, a We the People petition demanded that Trump release his tax returns; the petition broke the White House record for number of signatures gathered.[376]

Presidential debates[]

Main article: United States presidential election debates, 2016

On September 26, 2016, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton faced off in the first presidential debate at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York. Lester Holt, an anchor with NBC News, was the moderator.[377] This was the most watched presidential debate in United States history.[378] The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. The beginning narrative of that debate was dominated by a leaked tape of Trump making lewd comments, and counter-accusations by Trump of sexual misconduct by Bill Clinton. Trump had invited four women who had accused Clinton of impropriety to a press conference prior to the debate. The final presidential debate was held at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas on October 19. Trump's refusal to say whether or not he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular press attention.[379][380]

Political positions[]

Main article: Political positions of Donald Trump

Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating U.S.–China relations and free trade agreements such as NAFTA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building a new wall along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing energy independence while opposing climate change regulations such as the Clean Power Plan and the Paris Agreement, modernizing and expediting services for veterans, repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act, abolishing Common Core education standards, investing in infrastructure, simplifying the tax code while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing tariffs on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely non-interventionist approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, "extreme vetting" of immigrants from Muslim-majority countries to preempt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against ISIS.

Media have described Trump's political positions as "populist",[381][382] and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for large reductions in income taxes and deregulation,[383] consistent with Republican Party policies, along with significant infrastructure investment,[384] usually considered a liberal (Democratic Party) policy.[385][386] According to political writer Jack Shafer, Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views", but he attracts free media attention, sometimes by making outrageous comments.[387][388]

Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.[389][390][391] Politico has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",[391] while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.[392]

Foreign interference in election and FBI Investigation[]

See also: § Ties to Russia, and Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

There has been intensive media scrutiny of Trump's relationship to Russia.[393][394] During the campaign, Trump repeatedly praised Russian president Vladimir Putin as a strong leader.[395] Several of Trump's advisers, including former National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn and former campaign manager Paul Manafort, have been connected to Russian or Ukrainian officials.[157][396] The National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine provided a ledger that helped to force Manafort's resignation as campaign manager.[397] American intelligence sources stated with "high confidence" that the Russian government attempted to intervene in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump by hacking into computers of Trumps' opponents,[398] and that members of Trump's campaign were in contact with Russian government officials both before and after the presidential election.[399]

Sexual misconduct allegations[]

Main articles: Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording and Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations

Two days before the second presidential debate, a 2005 recording surfaced, made on a studio bus while preparing to film an episode of Access Hollywood. On the tape, Trump is heard bragging to the show's then-cohost Billy Bush about forcibly kissing and groping women.[400][401][402] "I just start kissing them," he says, "I don't even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab them by the pussy."[403] During the recording, Trump also speaks of his efforts to seduce a married woman, saying he "moved on her very heavily".[403] These statements were recorded several months after Trump married his third and current wife, Melania, who was pregnant at the time.[403][404]

Trump's language on the tape was described by the media as "vulgar", "sexist", and descriptive of sexual assault. The incident prompted him to make his first public apology during the campaign,[405][406] and caused outrage across the political spectrum,[407][408] with many Republicans withdrawing their endorsements of his candidacy and some urging him to quit the race.[409] A number of Trump supporters worldwide also withdrew their support following release of the tape, including many Conservatives in Britain.[410] Subsequently, at least 15 women[411] came forward with new accusations of sexual misconduct, including unwanted kissing and groping, resulting in widespread media coverage.[412][413]

Trump and his campaign have denied all of the sexual misconducting accusations, which Trump has called "false smears", and alleged a conspiracy against him.[414][415][416] In his two public statements in response to the controversy, Trump responded by alleging that Bill Clinton, former President of the United States and husband of Trump's Democratic rival Hillary Clinton, had "abused women" and that Hillary had bullied her husband's victims.[417]

Election to the presidency[]

Main article: United States presidential election, 2016
File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg

2016 electoral vote results

On Election Day, November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 electoral votes to Clinton's 232 votes. The counts were later adjusted to 304 and 227 respectively, after defections on both sides, formalizing Trump's election to the presidency.[418] In the early hours of November 9, Clinton called Trump to concede the election. Trump then delivered his victory speech before hundreds of supporters in the New York Hilton hotel. The speech was in contrast with some of his previous rhetoric, with Trump promising to heal the division caused by the election, thanking Clinton for her service to the country, and promising to be a president to all Americans.[419][420]

Trump received a smaller share of the popular vote than Clinton, making him the fifth person to be elected president after losing the popular vote. Records on this matter date from the year 1824.[421][nb 2] Clinton finished ahead by 2.86 million votes or 2.1 percentage points, 48.04% to 45.95%, with neither candidate reaching a majority nationwide.[424][425]

Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset, as polls consistently showed Hillary Clinton leading nationwide and in most battleground states, while Trump's support had been underestimated throughout his campaign.[426] The errors in some state polls were later partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.[427] Trump won the perennial swing states of Florida, Iowa and Ohio, and flipped Clinton's "blue wall" states of Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, which had been Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with control both chambers of Congress, as was the case during parts of George W. Bush's presidency from 2003 to 2007.

Trump became the first president without prior governmental or military experience.[428][429][430] Of the 44 previous presidents, 39 had held prior elective office; 2 had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet; and 3 had never held public office but had been commanding generals.[430] He is the first Republican since the 1980s to win the states of Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin. He lost his home state of New York, becoming only the fourth candidate to win the presidency without his home state. The others were James Polk (Tennessee) in 1844, Woodrow Wilson (New Jersey) in 1916, and Richard Nixon (New York) in 1968.[431]

Protests[]

Main article: Protests against Donald Trump

Trump's victory sparked protests across the United States. Democrats, in alignment with other Trump opponents, took to the streets to amplify their opposition to Trump's views and denounce his inflammatory statements. They argued that Clinton's popular vote victory meant Trump was not actually the democratically elected president and should be considered illegitimate.[432] Trump initially said on Twitter that the protests consisted of "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later stated that he loves their passion for the country.[433][434] In contrast, after Obama's re-election in 2012, Trump had tweeted "We can't let this happen. We should march on Washington and stop this travesty. Our nation is totally divided!"[435]

On the Saturday following Trump's inauguration there were massive demonstrations protesting Trump in the United States and worldwide, with approximately 2,600,000 taking place in Women's Marches worldwide.[436] The most notable of these marches was the Women's March on Washington (in Washington, D.C.), where over 500,000 people marched in opposition to Trump.[437] This was more than three times the number of people who were at Trump's inaugural speech, according to crowd scientists at the Manchester Metropolitan University.[438]

Presidency[]

Main article: Presidency of Donald Trump

Transition[]

Main article: Presidential transition of Donald Trump
File:JANUS-Tête-à-Tête- Sitting President & President-elect, Barack Obama & Donald Trump squatting next to each other on arm-chairs in the Oval Office on November 10th 2016. (31196987133).jpg

President Obama and President-elect Trump meet in the Oval Office on November 10, 2016, two days after the election

On November 10, President-elect Trump had his first ever meeting with President Obama to discuss plans for a peaceful transition of power. The New York Times stated that "It was an extraordinary show of cordiality and respect between two men who have been political enemies and are stylistic opposites."[439] The BBC stated that "their antipathy was barely concealed" in "awkward photos" of the meeting.[440]

White House appointments[]

Trump's transition team was led by Chris Christie until November 11, 2016, when Vice President-elect Mike Pence took over.[441] Since then, Trump has chosen RNC chairman Reince Priebus as White House Chief of Staff[442] and businessman and media executive Steve Bannon as Counselor to the President.[443]

Cabinet-level nominations[]

Main article: Formation of Donald Trump's cabinet

He has nominated Senator Jeff Sessions as Attorney General,[444] retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn as National Security Advisor,[445] education reform activist Betsy DeVos as Secretary of Education,[446] Governor Nikki Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations,[447] former Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao as Secretary of Transportation,[448] U.S. Representative Tom Price as Secretary of Health and Human Services,[449] former campaign rival Ben Carson as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,[450] financier Steve Mnuchin as Secretary of the Treasury,[451] billionaire investor Wilbur Ross as Secretary of Commerce,[452] retired Marine Corps General James Mattis as Secretary of Defense,[453] retired Marine Corps General John F. Kelly as Secretary of Homeland Security,[454] businessman Andrew Puzder as Secretary of Labor[455] (later withdrawn, replaced by attorney and law school dean Alexander Acosta),[456] CEO of ExxonMobil Rex Tillerson as Secretary of State,[457] former Governor Rick Perry as Secretary of Energy,[458] U.S. Representative Ryan Zinke as Secretary of the Interior,[459] and Under Secretary for Health David Shulkin as Secretary of Veterans Affairs.[460]

Despite being nominated promptly during the transition period, most cabinet members were unable to take office on Inauguration Day because of delays in the formal confirmation process. By February 8, 2017, President Trump had fewer cabinet nominees confirmed than any prior president two weeks into their mandate, except George Washington.[461][462] Part of the lateness was ascribed to delays in submitting background-check paperwork, part to obstructionism by Senate Democrats.[463]

Pre-inauguration events[]

On November 22, Trump outlined his plan for his first 100 days in office in a video posted on YouTube. The plan included the United States' withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership and asking the Department of Defense to develop a plan to protect the U.S. from cyber-attack.[464][465]

On December 7, Time named Trump as its "Person of the Year".[466] In an interview on The Today Show, he said he was honored by the award, but he took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".[467][468] He also opposed TimeTemplate:'s decision to change its "Man of the Year" title to "Person of the Year" in 1999, describing the action as too "politically correct".[469] On December 13 he was named Financial Times Person of the Year.[470] In December 2016, Forbes ranked Trump the second most powerful person in the world, after Vladimir Putin and before Angela Merkel.[471]

Based on intelligence reports issued from October 2016 to January 2017, the Obama administration accused the Russian government of trying to influence the U.S. presidential election in favor of Trump, notably by supplying the DNC emails to WikiLeaks for publication.[472] Both Trump,[473] WikiLeaks[474] and Russian officials[475] have denied the allegations.

In January 2017, Trump was briefed on a private intelligence dossier containing "potentially compromising personal and financial information" about his activities in Russia,[476] which he denied.[477] The dossier was also leaked to the press and published.[478] Media evaluation of the dossier ranged from "garbage"[479] to "partially corroborated".[480]

First 100 days[]

Main article: First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency
File:Donald Trump swearing in ceremony.jpg

Trump taking the oath of office from Chief Justice John Roberts

Trump's inauguration as the 45th President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 2017. In his first week as president, Trump signed six executive orders. His first order as president stood to minimize "the economic burden" of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). That same week, Trump withdrew the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, re-instated the Mexico City Policy, reopened the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipeline construction projects and launched the process to build a new Mexico border wall and reinforce border security.[481]

Immigration order[]

Main articles: Executive Order 13769 and Executive Order 13780
File:Trump signing order January 27.jpg

Trump signing Executive Order 13769 at the Pentagon as the Vice President and Secretary of Defense look on

On January 27, President Trump signed an executive order that suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns about terrorism. The following day, thousands of protesters gathered at airports and other locations throughout the United States to protest the signing of the order and detainment of the foreign nationals.[482] Later, the administration seemed to reverse a portion of part of the order, effectively exempting visitors with a green card.[483][484] Two Iraqi nationals detained upon arrival filed a complaint.[485] Several federal judges issued rulings that curtailed parts of the immigration order, stopping the federal government from deporting visitors already affected.[484]

On March 6, 2016, Trump issued a revised executive order, that, among other differences with the original order, excluded Iraq, visa-holders, and permanent residents from the temporary suspension and did not differentiate Syrian refugees from refugees from other countries.[486]

Supreme Court nomination[]

Main article: Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination

On January 31, Trump nominated U.S. Appeals Court judge Neil Gorsuch to fill the vacancy left on the Supreme Court by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.[487]

Domestic policy[]

Energy and climate[]

Main article: Environmental policy under the Trump administration

Trump's energy policy advocates domestic industrial support for both fossil and renewable energy sources in order to curb reliance on Middle-Eastern oil and possibly turn the U.S. into a net energy exporter.[488] His appointed advisers favor a less regulated energy market and, because they do not consider climate change a threat, see no need for immediate action.[489]

Trump does not accept the scientific consensus on climate change.[490][491] In 2012, he said that global warming was a hoax invented by the Chinese, but later said that he was joking.[492][493] He has called the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a "disgrace" and has threatened to cut its budget.[494] Trump has pledged to eliminate the Clean Power Plan[495] and withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement, which calls for reductions in carbon emissions in more than 170 countries.[496] After winning the presidency, Trump admitted "some connectivity" between human activity and climate variability and said he has an "open mind" towards the Paris agreement.[497]

Immigration[]

Main article: Immigration policy of Donald Trump
File:POTUS visits DHS (31741970743).jpg

Trump speaking with Vice President Mike Pence and Secretary of Homeland Security John F. Kelly on January 25, 2017

Trump's immigration policies were intensely discussed during the campaign. Trump vowed to build a more substantial wall on the Mexico–United States border to keep out illegal immigrants, a wall which Trump promised Mexico would pay for.[498][499][500][501] He pledged to massively deport illegal immigrants residing in the United States,[502] and criticized birthright citizenship as it creates "anchor babies".[503] He said the focus of deportation would be criminals, those who have overstayed their visas, and other "security threats".[504]

Following the November 2015 Paris attacks, Trump made a controversial proposal to completely ban Muslim non-citizens from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.[505][506][507] Later in 2016 he stated that the ban would apply only to people originating from countries with a "proven history of terrorism against the United States or its allies", or countries "compromised by terrorism".[508][509][510]

In late January 2017, Trump issued an executive order banning the admission of immigrants from seven predominantly Muslim countries.[511] The order was imposed without warning and took effect immediately;[512] the measure caused chaos at many airports, with consecutive days of mass protest afflicting major airports in the United States.[513] Multiple legal challenges were filed against the order, and a federal court blocked its implementation.[512] In early March 2017, Trump issued a revised order into law, which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for permanent residents, no priorities for religious minorities (e.g. Christian refugees) and a week was given to implement legislation.[512][486]

Social issues[]

Main article: Social policy of Donald Trump

Trump is conservative, describes himself as pro-life and generally opposes abortion with some exceptions: rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.[514] He has said that he is committed to appointing justices who would try to overturn the ruling in Roe v. Wade.[515] He personally supports "traditional marriage"[492] but considers the nationwide legality of same-sex marriage a "settled" issue.[515]

Trump supports a broad interpretation of the Second Amendment and says he is opposed to gun control in general,[516][517] although his views have shifted over time.[518] Trump opposes legalizing recreational marijuana but supports legalizing medical marijuana.[519] He favors capital punishment,[520][521] as well as the use of waterboarding.[522][523]

Health care[]

In 1999, Trump told Larry King Live that "I believe in universal healthcare."[524] Trump's 2000 book, The America We Deserve, argued strongly for a single-payer healthcare system based on the Canadian model,[525] and has voiced admiration for the Scottish National Health Service.[524][526][527]

However, Trump has repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace Obamacare.[528][529] In March 2016, Trump's campaign released a platform summary which included a variety of free-market health reforms including provisions to allow health insurance to be sold across state lines, enable individuals to deduct health insurance premiums, expand health savings accounts, and give more control of Medicaid to the states.[530][531]

Trump aims to streamline the Department of Veterans Affairs, getting rid of backlogs and waitlists, and upgrading relevant facilities.[532] On his first Monday in office, Trump issued a federal hiring freeze on the VA.[533]

Education[]

Trump has stated his support for school choice and local control for primary and secondary schools.[534] He opposes the Common Core State Standards Initiative for primary and secondary schools,[535] and has called Common Core "a disaster" that must be ended.[536] He has stated he would abolish all or part of the Department of Education.[537]

Economy and trade[]

Main article: Economic policy of Donald Trump

Trump's campaign tax plan called for levelling the corporate tax rate to 15%, eliminating various business loopholes and deductions,[383] and reducing the number of brackets for personal income tax: the top rate would be reduced from 39.6% to 25%, a large "zero bracket" would be created, and the alternative minimum tax and estate tax (which currently applies to individual estates over $5.45 million or $10.9 million per married couple) would both be eliminated.[538] His comments about the minimum wage have been inconsistent.[539][540][541]

Trump identifies as a "free trader", but says that trade must be "reasonably fair".[542] He has often been called a "protectionist",[543][544][545] because of his criticism of NAFTA,[546][547] the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP),[548] and his proposal to raise tariffs on Chinese and Mexican exports to the United States significantly.[549][550] He has also been critical of the World Trade Organization, threatening to leave unless his proposed tariffs are accepted.[551][552] However, Trump has been very keen to support a "fair" post-Brexit trade deal with the United Kingdom,[553] which Trump claims would be "good for both sides".[554]

Government size and deregulation[]

Trump's early policies have favored far-reaching deregulation and a smaller federal government. He became the first president in sixteen years to sign a Congressional Review Act disapproval resolution; the law had been used only once before.[555] During his first six weeks in office, he abolished ninety federal regulations.[556][557]

On January 23, 2017, Trump ordered a temporary government-wide hiring freeze.[558][559] The Comptroller General of the Government Accountability Office told a House committee that hiring freezes have not proven to be effective in reducing costs.[560] Unlike some past freezes, however, the current freeze bars agencies from adding contractors to make up for employees leaving.[560]

A week later Trump signed Executive Order 13771, directing administrative agencies to repeal two existing regulations for every new regulation they issue.[561][562] Harvard Law professor Jody Freeman said that the order would do no more than slow the regulatory process, because it did not block rules required by statute.[563]

On February 24, 2017, Trump ordered the agencies to create task forces to determine which regulations are deemed burdensome to the U.S. economy.[564] Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's attacks, saying that the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.[565]

Foreign policy[]

Main article: Foreign policy of Donald Trump
File:Shinzō Abe and Donald Trump (1).jpg

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and Trump meeting in Trump Tower, Manhattan, on November 17, 2016

Trump has been described as non-interventionist[566][567] and nationalist.[568] Trump repeatedly stated that he supports "America First" foreign policy.[569] He supports increasing United States military defense spending,[568] but favors decreasing United States spending on NATO and in the Pacific region.[570] He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.[567] As a candidate he questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend security guarantees to NATO members,[571] and suggested that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.[572]

In order to confront the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Trump in 2015 called for seizing the oil in ISIS-occupied areas, using U.S. air power and ground troops.[573] In 2016, Trump advocated sending 20,000 to 30,000 U.S. troops to the region,[389][574][575] a position he later retracted.[576] Regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Trump has stated the importance of being a neutral party during potential negotiations, while also having stated that he is "a big fan of Israel".[577] During the campaign he said he would relocate the U.S. embassy in Israel to Jerusalem from its current location, Tel Aviv, although he has not pursued that proposal as president.[578]

Trump has considered recognizing Crimea as Russian territory and lifting sanctions on Russia in the past;[579][580] however, in the aftermath of Michael T. Flynn's resignation as National Security Adviser, White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer said that Trump expects Russia to "return" Crimea to Ukraine,[581] emphatically stating that "Crimea is a part of Ukraine. Our Crimea-related sanctions will remain in place until Russia returns control of the peninsula to Ukraine".[582] He added that Trump's appointed ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, "strongly denounced the Russian occupation" of Crimea.[582] Trump has pledged to hold a summit meeting with Vladimir Putin.[583] He added that Russia could help the U.S. in fighting ISIS militants.[584]

Indications of 2020 presidential campaign[]

Main article: Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2020

Trump signaled his intent to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within hours of assuming the presidency.[585][586] This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.[587] The early timing of the beginning of the campaign was highly unorthodox. Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a campaign rally in Melbourne, Florida on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.[588] By February 1, 2017, the campaign had already raised over $7 million.[589]

Electoral history[]

Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box end

Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box end

Awards, honors, and distinctions[]

File:Trump MarineCorpsFoundation April22 2015.JPG

Trump receiving the 2015 Marine Corps–Law Enforcement Foundation's annual Commandant's Leadership Award in recognition of his contributions to American military education programs

File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG

Trump's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

  • The Jewish National Fund's Tree of Life Award for outstanding contributions to Israel–United States relations.[590] (1983)
  • The Ellis Island Medal of Honor in celebration of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity".[591] (1986)
  • Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor for his role in Ghosts Can't Do It[592] (1990)
  • Gaming Hall of Fame[593] (1995)
  • Street in Kalispell, Montana named Trump Drive (Montana real estate developer Hubert Turner named the streets on his Empire Estates properties after famous NYC business moguls).[594]
  • Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame[595][596] (2007)
  • Muhammad Ali Entrepreneur Award[597] (2007)
  • Trump was awarded an honorary doctorate of business administration by Scotland's Robert Gordon University in 2010.[598] The degree was revoked on December 9, 2015, because Trump had made statements that the university deemed "wholly incompatible" with its "ethos and values".[599]
  • NY Ride of Fame[600] (2010)
  • Honorary doctorate of business, Liberty University[601][602] (2012)
  • WWE Hall of Fame[603] (2013)
  • The Algemeiner Liberty Award for contributions to Israel–United States relations.[604] (2015)
  • New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame[605] (2015)
  • Marine Corps–Law Enforcement Foundation Commandant's Leadership Award[606] (2015) Trump received the award for pledging to donate $100,000 to the charity, and later claimed he was "given the biggest award by the Marines". The charity is not legally affiliated with the Marine Corps, though the award was presented by Marine Commandant General Joseph Dunford.[607]
  • Key to the City of Doral, Florida[608][609] (2015)
  • Time Person of the Year (2016)
  • Financial Times Person of the Year (2016)

See also[]

  • List of Presidents of the United States
  • List of richest American politicians

Notes[]

  1. The summary statement includes $3.3 billion worth of "real estate licensing deals, brand and branded developments", putting a figure on Trump's estimate of his own brand value.[83] The July 2015 FEC disclosure reports assets worth above $1.4 billion and debts above $265 million. According to Bloomberg, Trump "only reported revenue for [his] golf properties in his campaign filings even though the disclosure form asks for income", whereas independent filings showed his European golf properties to be unprofitable.[84]
  2. The number "five" includes the elections of 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. John Quincy Adams trailed in both the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no-one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and Samuel Tilden in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a plurality).[422][423]

References[]

  1. New York City Department of Health (June 14, 1946). "Donald Trump Birth Certificate" (PDF). ABC News. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  2. Jamaica Hospital (June 14, 1946). "Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on April 9, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  3. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 19.
  4. Panetta, Alexander (September 19, 2015). "Donald Trump's grandfather ran Canadian brothel during gold rush". CBC News. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  5. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 23-25.
  6. Trump, Friedrich. "The Emigrants". Harper's Magazine. Harper's Magazine Foundation. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Blair 2015a, p. 5.
  8. Blair, Gwenda (August 24, 2015). "The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is". Politico. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  9. 9.0 9.1 Pilon, Mary (June 24, 2016). "Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother". The New Yorker.
  10. McGrane, Sally (April 29, 2016). "The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps". The New Yorker.
  11. Davidson, Amy. "Donald Trump's Nuclear Uncle", The New Yorker (April 8, 2016).
  12. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 45.
  13. The 75th Anniversary Shrapnel. NYMA. Spring 1964. p. 107. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  14. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/young-donald-trump-military-school/2016/06/22/f0b3b164-317c-11e6-8758-d58e76e11b12_story.html?utm_term=.2f71233931c9
  15. Blair 2005, p. 16.
  16. 16.0 16.1 Viser, Matt (August 28, 2015). "Even in college, Donald Trump was brash". Boston Globe.
  17. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 47.
  18. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 50.
  19. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 104-105.
  20. Ehrenfreund, Max (September 3, 2015). "The real reason Donald Trump is so rich". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  21. "The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate". The Wharton School. Spring 2007.
  22. "Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania. May 20, 1968. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. Montopoli, Brian (April 29, 2011). "Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show". CBS News. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
  24. Lee, Kurtis (August 4, 2016). "How deferments protected Donald Trump from serving in Vietnam". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
  25. 25.0 25.1 Whitlock, Craig (July 21, 2015). "Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War". The Washington Post.
  26. Barbaro, Michael (September 8, 2015). "Donald Trump Likens His Schooling to Military Service in Book" – via NYTimes.com.
  27. Goldman, Russell (April 29, 2011). "Donald Trump's Own Secret: Vietnam Draft Records". ABC News. Retrieved August 1, 2016. Nor do the documents categorically suggest it was deferments and not a high draft number that ultimately allowed him to avoid the draft.
  28. Eder, Steve; Philipps, Dave (August 1, 2016). "Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2016. Because of his medical exemption, his lottery number would have been irrelevant, said Richard Flahavan, a spokesman for the Selective Service System, who has worked for the agency for three decades… Still, Mr. Trump, in the interviews, said he believed he could have been subject to another physical exam to check on his bone spurs, had his draft number been called. 'I would have had to go eventually because that was a minor medical…' But the publicly available draft records of Mr. Trump include the letters 'DISQ' next to his exam date, with no notation indicating that he would be re-examined.
  29. Michaud, Sarah (October 3, 2011). "Donald Trump, Jr. Welcomes Son Tristan Milos". People. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
  30. "Trump's daughter, Ivanka, gives birth to third child". Fox News Channel. March 27, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  31. "Melania Trump, the Silent Partner". The New York Times. October 1, 2015.
  32. "After The Gold Rush". Vanity Fair. August 1990. Retrieved January 10, 2016. "They were married in New York during Easter of 1977. Mayor Beame attended the wedding at Marble Collegiate Church. Donald had already made his alliance with Roy Cohn, who would become his lawyer and mentor.
  33. "Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church". The New York Times. September 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016. "Mr. Trump married his first wife, Ivana, at Marble, in a ceremony performed by one of America's most famous ministers, the Rev. Norman Vincent Peale.
  34. "Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen". Associated Press. May 27, 1988. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
  35. Triggs, Charlotte (April 20, 2016). "Marla Maples Recalls 'Awful' Tabloid Scandal Surrounding Donald Trump's First Divorce, Says She Tried to Make Amends with Ivana: 'I Really Hope, for Her Sake, That She Can Forgive Me'". People. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  36. Graham, Ruth (July 20, 2016). "Tiffany Trump's Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father". Slate. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  37. "The Donald Bids Hearts For Marla Trump Wedding Draws 1,100 Friends, But Not Many Stars". Daily News. New York. December 21, 1993. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
  38. Cosgrove, Sheila (August 7, 2013). "Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump". People.
  39. "Trump always says 'I do' to having a prenup". Chicago Tribune. January 21, 2005.
  40. Gillin, Joshua (July 21, 2015). "The Clintons really did attend Donald Trump's 2005 wedding". PolitiFact.com (Tampa Bay Times/Miami Herald). Retrieved August 21, 2015.
  41. Krueger, Alyson (June 27, 2011). "Top May 12–December Romances: Donald Trump and Melania Trump & Ivana Trump and Rossano Rubicondi (24 years)". Time. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
  42. Brown, Tina (January 27, 2005). "Donald Trump, Settling Down". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
  43. Charles, Marissa (August 16, 2015). "Melania Trump would be a first lady for the ages".
  44. Choron, Harry; Choron, Sandy (2011). Money. Chronicle Books. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-4521-0559-8.
  45. "Donald Trump Fast Facts". CNN. March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  46. Katz, Celeste (September 3, 2015). "Trump still questioning Jeb Bush for using Spanish". Daily News. New York. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  47. Lipton, Eric and Craig, Susanne. "Trump Sons Forge Ahead Without Father, Expanding and Navigating Conflicts", New York Times (February 12, 2017).
  48. Schmidt, Michael et al. "Jared Kushner, Trump’s Son-in-Law, Is Cleared to Serve as Adviser", New York Times (January 21, 2017).
  49. Mannion, Cara. "3rd Circ. Judge, Trump's Sister, Stops Hearing Cases", Law360 (February 3, 2017).
  50. Blair 2015b, p. 28-29.
  51. "Few rooting for Donald Trump on his mother’s Scottish island", The Irish Times (May 28, 2016).
  52. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 29.
  53. 53.0 53.1 53.2 Shabad, Rebecca (August 29, 2015). "Church says Trump isn't an 'active member'". The Hill. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
  54. 54.0 54.1 54.2 Schwartzman, Paul (January 21, 2016). "How Trump got religion — and why his legendary minister's son now rejects him". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  55. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 81.
  56. Glueck, Katie. "Trump's religious dealmaking pays dividends", Politico (December 7, 2016).
  57. Mattera, Jason (March 14, 2011). "Trump Unplugged". Human Events. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
  58. Barron, James. "Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church", New York Times (September 5, 2016).
  59. Fink, Jenni (December 2016). "When the Trump Family Arrives to Church of Bethesda-by-the-Sea The Crowd Rises For A Standing Ovation". Independent Journal Review.
  60. Scott, Eugene (July 19, 2015). "Trump believes in God, but hasn't sought forgiveness". CNN.
  61. Weigel, David (August 11, 2015). "In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders 'weak'". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  62. Blinder, Alan (August 21, 2015). "Donald Trump Fails to Fill Alabama Stadium, but Fans' Zeal Is Undiminished". The New York Times. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  63. Allen, Nick (January 18, 2016). "Donald Trump faces questions over 'Two Corinthians'". The Daily Telegraph.
  64. Haberman, Maggie; Kaplan, Thomas (January 18, 2016). "Evangelicals See Donald Trump as Man of Conviction, if Not Faith". The New York Times.
  65. "The guilt-free gospel of Donald Trump," by Daniel Burke, CNN Religion Editor, CNN, October 24, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  66. "Meet the priest of Wall Street," Fox Business News, November 5, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  67. "Trump campaign announces evangelical executive advisory board," press release, June 21, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  68. Fishman, Tzvi Allen (February 11, 2015). "Algemeiner Journal Jewish 100 Gala Honors Donald Trump, Joan Rivers and Yuli Edelsterin". Jewish Voice.
  69. Frizell, Sam. "Donald Trump's Doctor's Letter Reveals He is Overweight, But 'In Excellent Health'", Time (September 15, 2016).
  70. Bornstein, Harold. Donald J. Trump Medical Records (September 13, 2016).
  71. "Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World'". Watters' World. Fox News Channel. February 6, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016. WATTERS: "Have you ever smoked weed?" TRUMP: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you 100 percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either."
  72. Morgan, Piers. The Hot Seat: Love, War, and Cable News, p. 31 (Simon and Schuster 2014): "[H]e's never touched a drop of alcohol, smoked a cigarette, or tried a drug".
  73. Horowitz, Jason (January 2, 2016). "For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering". The New York Times. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  74. McAfee, Tierney (October 8, 2015). "Donald Trump Opens Up About His Brother's Death from Alcoholism: It Had a 'Profound Impact on My Life". People. [T]here are a few hard and fast principles that he himself lives by: no drugs, no cigarettes and no alcohol. Trump's abstinence from alcohol was largely shaped by the death of his brother, Fred Jr., from alcoholism in 1981. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |magazine= (help)
  75. Dent, Millie (July 10, 2015). "15 Facts You Didn't Know About Donald Trump". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved August 1, 2015. The Donald has never smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol or done drugs. His older brother, Fred, was an alcoholic for many years and warned Trump to avoid drinking. Fred ultimately died from his addiction.
  76. Mishak, Michael J. (April 30, 2011). "Trump's tower a sore spot on the Strip". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  77. Stump, Scott (October 26, 2015). "Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started". CNBC. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  78. 78.0 78.1 O'Brien, Timothy L. (October 23, 2005). "What's He Really Worth?". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  79. Costa, Robert; Gold, Matea (June 15, 2015). "Donald Trump will declare $9 billion in assets as he reveals 2016 plans". The Washington Post.
  80. Lerner, Adam. "The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech", Time Magazine (June 16, 2015).
  81. Overby, Peter; Montanaro, Domenico (June 17, 2015). "The Problem With Donald Trump's One-Page Summary on His Wealth". NPR. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  82. Carlyle, Erin (June 16, 2015). "Trump Exaggerating His Net Worth (By 100%) In Presidential Bid". Forbes. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  83. Udland, Myles (June 16, 2015). "Donald Trump's self-described net worth is $8.7 billion – here's the breakdown". Business Insider.
  84. 84.0 84.1 84.2 Melby, Caleb (July 19, 2016). "Trump Is Richer in Property and Deeper in Debt in New Valuation". Bloomberg Politics. In the year that Donald Trump was transformed... into the presumptive Republican nominee, the value of his golf courses and his namesake Manhattan tower soared… His net worth rose to $3 billion on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index...
  85. 85.0 85.1 85.2 Lewandowski, Corey R. (July 15, 2015). "Donald J. Trump Files Personal Financial Disclosure Statement With Federal Election Commission" (PDF). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  86. Carlyle, Erin (July 15, 2015). "As Trump Files FEC Disclosure, He Raises Claimed Net Worth To $10 Billion; Forbes Disagrees". Forbes. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  87. Barbaro, Michael (October 17, 2016). "The New Protesters Defying Donald Trump: His Customers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  88. Wolff-Mann, Ethan (May 26, 2016). "Hotel Bookings at Donald Trump's Hotels Are Way Down". Money Magazine. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  89. "Trump hotels and casino traffic has taken a huge hit since Trump started running for president". Foursquare. August 4, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016 – via CNBC.
  90. Castillo, Michelle (October 10, 2016). "Tape release further erodes Trump brand: Survey". CNBC. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  91. "The World's Billionaires – #544 Donald Trump". Forbes. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  92. Cassidy, John (May 17, 2016). "Just How Rich Is Donald Trump?". The New Yorker. [He] has stated that he is worth more than ten billion dollars… Forbes concluded [in 2015] that Trump was worth about $4.5 billion, while Bloomberg estimated $2.9 billion. The Forbes figure was high enough to put Trump in a tie at No. 324 on the magazine's global ranking of billionaires… The gap between Forbes's $4.5 billion figure and Bloomberg's $2.9 billion figure is largely attributable to differences in how the two publications appraised individual properties.
  93. "In Step With: Donald Trump". Parade. November 14, 2004. Archived from the original on October 14, 2010.
  94. Trump & Schwartz 2009, p. 46.
  95. Butts, Rebecca (March 12, 2016). "The Cincinnati summer Donald Trump talks about". Cincinnati Enquirer.
  96. Blair 2005, p. 23.
  97. Kelly, Conor (July 27, 2015). "Meet Donald Trump: Everything You Need To Know (And Probably Didn't Know) About The 2016 Republican Presidential Candidate". ABC News.
  98. Dunlap, David (July 30, 2015). "1973: Meet Donald Trump". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 31, 2015. Trump Management... was also to allow the league to present qualified applicants for every fifth vacancy... Trump himself said he was satisfied that the agreement did not 'compel the Trump Organization to accept persons on welfare as tenants unless as qualified as any other tenant.' Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  99. Kranish, Michael; O'Harrow, Robert Jr. (January 23, 2016). "Inside the government's racial bias case against Donald Trump's company, and how he fought it". The Washington Post. Civil rights groups in the city viewed the Trump company as just one example of a nationwide problem of housing discrimination. But targeting the Trumps provided a chance to have an impact, said Eleanor Holmes Norton, who was then chairwoman of the city's human rights commission. 'They were big names.'
  100. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 64-69.
  101. Wooten 2009, p. 32-35.
  102. Kessler, Glenn (March 3, 2016). "Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father". The Washington Post.
  103. "The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump". The New York Times. April 8, 1984.
  104. Flegenheimer, Matt; Haberman, Maggie (March 29, 2016). "With the New York Presidential Primary, the Circus Is Coming Home". The New York Times. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  105. Burns, Alexander (December 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back". The New York Times. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  106. "History". Trump Tower New York. n.d. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  107. Freedlander, David (September 29, 2015). "A 1980s New York City Battle Explains Donald Trump's Candidacy". Bloomberg L.P. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  108. Wooten 2009, p. 65-66.
  109. "Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors", The New York Times, 1995 12 April
  110. Wooten 2009, p. 62.
  111. Wooten 2009, p. 57-58.
  112. "Trump is said to hold a stake in Holiday Corp". Wall Street Journal. September 4, 1986.  – via ProQuest (subscription required)
  113. Swartz, Steve (November 11, 1985). "Holiday, Trump drafting terms to end rocky alliance over Atlantic City casino". The Wall Street Journal.  – via ProQuest (subscription required)
  114. Wooten 2009, p. 59-60.
  115. Cuff, Daniel (December 18, 1988). "Seven Acquisitive Executives Who Made Business News in 1988: Donald Trump – Trump Organization; The Artist of the Deal Turns Sour into Sweet". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  116. Glynn, Lenny (April 8, 1990). "Trump's Taj — Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite". The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  117. Parry, Wayne (May 20, 2016). "New owner wants to make Trump's Taj Mahal casino great again". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  118. 118.0 118.1 "Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal". United Press International. April 9, 1991. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  119. 119.0 119.1 Bingham, Amy (April 21, 2011). "Donald Trump's Companies Filed for Bankruptcy 4 Times". ABC News. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  120. "Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy". The New York Times. October 5, 1991. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
  121. Schneider, Karen S. (May 19, 1997). "The Donald Ducks Out". People. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  122. 122.0 122.1 McQuade, Dan (August 16, 2015). "The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire". Philadelphia Magazine. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  123. Tully, Shawn (March 10, 2016). "How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure". Fortune. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  124. "Donald Trump's long history of clashes with Native Americans".
  125. "Connecticut tribal leaders speak out against Trump's remarks". July 7, 2016.
  126. Keating, Christopher. "Casinos And Controversy Marked Donald Trump's Connecticut Years".
  127. Penzenstadler, Nick; Page, Susan (June 2, 2016). "Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee". USA Today. Retrieved June 2, 2016. About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.
  128. Savransky, Rebecca (June 2, 2016). "Trump brags about winning record in lawsuits". The Hill.
  129. Hood, Bryan (June 29, 2015). "4 Times Donald Trump's Companies Declared Bankruptcy". Vanity Fair News. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  130. Li, Hao (April 12, 2011). "Donald Trump Questioned on His Bankruptcies". International Business Times. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  131. Stone, Peter (May 5, 2011). "Donald Trump's lawsuits could turn off conservatives who embrace tort reform". The Center for Public Integrity. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  132. Kurtz, Howard (April 24, 2011). "Kurtz: The Trump Backlash". Newsweek. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  133. Winter, Tom. "Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up". NBC News. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  134. O'Connor, Clare (April 29, 2011). "Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him". Forbes. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  135. Hirby, James. "How is Donald Trump Able to File for Bankruptcy So Many Times?". The Law Dictionary. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  136. "From the Tower to the White House". The Economist. February 20, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016. Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.
  137. Swanson, Ana (February 29, 2016). "The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire". The Washington Post.
  138. "Donald Trump releases financial info, but still no tax returns".
  139. Eder, Steve; Twohey, Megan (October 10, 2016). "Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years". The New York Times.
  140. Politico Staff. "Full transcript: Second 2016 presidential debate".
  141. The New York Times (October 1, 2016). "Pages From Donald Trump's 1995 Income Tax Records" – via NYTimes.com.
  142. Buettner, David Barstow, Susanne Craig, Russ; Twohey, Megan (October 1, 2016). "Donald Trump Tax Records Show He Could Have Avoided Taxes for Nearly Two Decades, The Times Found" – via NYTimes.com.
  143. 143.0 143.1 Baker, Peter. "Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  144. 144.0 144.1 Jagoda, Naomi. "WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05". The Hill. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  145. Wooten 2009, p. 81-82.
  146. Rozhon, Tracy (June 26, 1999). "Fred C. Trump, Postwar Master Builder of Housing for Middle Class, Dies at 93". The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  147. "Trump World Tower". Emporis. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
  148. Wooten 2009, p. 108.
  149. Fitch, Stephane (September 21, 2006). "What is Trump Worth?". Forbes. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
  150. Wooten 2009, p. 86-87.
  151. "Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia". Time.
  152. Aleem, Zeeshan. "Fact-checking Trump's claim that he has no business ties to Russia". Vox.
  153. 153.0 153.1 Twohey, Megan; Eder, Steve (January 16, 2017). "For Trump, Three Decades of Chasing Deals in Russia". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  154. Dorell, Oren (December 15, 2016). "Why does Donald Trump like Russians? Maybe because they love his condos". USA Today. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  155. 155.0 155.1 Mosk, Matthew; Ross, Brian; Reevell, Patrick (September 22, 2016). "From Russia With Trump: A Political Conflict Zone". ABC news. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  156. "Trump's Thursday Press Conference, Annotated". National Public Radio. February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  157. 157.0 157.1 Black, Nelli; Devine, Curt (January 12, 2017). "These are Trump's ties to Russia". CNN. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  158. Nesbit, Jeff. "Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia". Time. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  159. Helderman, Rosalind (July 29, 2016). "Here's what we know about Donald Trump and his ties to Russia". Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  160. Romine, Brentley (July 14, 2015). "Donald Trump announces he will run for president in 2016". Golfweek. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
  161. 161.0 161.1 "Donald Trump Personal Financial Disclosure Form 2015" (PDF). The Washington Post.
  162. Alesci, Cristina; Frankel, Laurie; Sahadi, Jeanne (May 19, 2016). "A peek at Donald Trump's finances". CNN. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  163. Lidz, Franz (February 22, 2008). "Landing In The Rough With Trump'". Condé Nast Portfolio. Retrieved March 14, 2016. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  164. Churchill, Carolyn (February 16, 2010). "First look at Trump plan for 'world's best course'". The Herald. Glasgow. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  165. Tuffrey, Laurie. "Trump opens controversial Scottish golf course". Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  166. Ebert, Roger (October 17, 2012). "You've Been Trumped". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  167. Sweeney, John (July 7, 2013). "Donald trump fails to deliver on golf resort jobs pledge". The Independent. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  168. Enoch, Nick (June 5, 2015). "Donald Trump loses latest legal challenge against an offshore wind farm project near his Scottish golf resort". Daily Mail.
  169. Bowcott, Owen; Addley, Esther (December 16, 2015). "Alex Salmond brands Trump 'loser' after judges reject windfarm appeal | Environment". The Guardian. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  170. "US property tycoon Donald Trump buys Turnberry resort". BBC News. April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  171. Carter, Iain (April 29, 2014). "Turnberry: Donald Trump deal should not affect Open status". BBC News. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  172. Shackelford, Geoff (July 20, 2016). "Donald Trump's Turnberry: the Presidential Nominee Delivers With his Renovated Ayrshire Course". Golf Digest.
  173. Zurcher, Anthony (July 23, 2015). "Five take-aways from Donald Trump's financial disclosure". BBC. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  174. "Trump hands over business empire to sons". BBC News. January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  175. Blumenthal, Paul (January 11, 2017). "Donald Trump Won't Divest From His Business Interests, Opening Door To Years Of Ethics Conflicts". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  176. Schouten, Fredrecka (January 11, 2017). "Trump won't drop ownership of business". USA Today. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  177. Terris, Ben (October 19, 2015). "And then there was the time Donald Trump bought a football team". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  178. 178.0 178.1 178.2 Markazi, Arash (July 14, 2015). "5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL". ESPN.
  179. Anderson, Dave (July 12, 1988). "Sports of The Times; Trump: Promoter Or Adviser?". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  180. "Trump Gets Tyson Fight". The New York Times. February 25, 1988. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  181. "The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza".
  182. Litsky, Frank (May 15, 1989). "Dispute Mars End of the Tour de Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  183. Kryk, John (July 29, 2014). "Probably few new bidders will bid today for Bills". Toronto Sun. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  184. Schilken, Chuck (October 13, 2016). "Video: Donald Trump mocks the NFL for being too soft, calls concussions 'a little ding on the head'". Los Angeles Times.
  185. 185.0 185.1 "Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency". The New York Times. September 15, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  186. "Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization". Business Insider. September 14, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  187. Rutenberg, Jim (June 22, 2002). "Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC". The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  188. de Moraes, Lisa (June 22, 2002). "There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  189. Tadena, Natalie (July 2, 2015). "Donald Trump's Miss USA Pageant Lands on Reelz Cable Channel". The Wall Street Journal.
  190. "Full text: Donald Trump announces a presidential bid". The Washington Post. June 16, 2015.
  191. Littleton, Cynthia (June 30, 2015). "Donald Trump Files $500 Million Lawsuit Against Univision Over Miss USA Contract". Variety.
  192. Campbell, Colin (June 30, 2015). "Donald Trump says he's filed a $500 million lawsuit against the US' largest Spanish-language TV network". Business Insider.
  193. Yu, Roger (February 11, 2016). "Trump, Univision settle beauty pageant lawsuit". USA Today.
  194. Corriston, Michele (September 11, 2015). "Donald Trump Says He Bought Out NBC, Now Owns All of Miss Universe Organization". People. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  195. Koblin, John. "Donald Trump Says He Has Bought NBC's Miss Universe Stake". The New York Times. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  196. Ellis, Blake; Hicken, Melanie (March 10, 2016). "Trump's modeling agency broke immigration laws, attorneys say". CNN. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  197. Rosenberg, Mica; McNeill, Ryan; Twohey, Megan; Conlin, Michelle (August 1, 2015). "Exclusive – Donald Trump's companies have sought visas to import at least 1,100 workers". Reuters UK. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  198. Calder, Rich (October 18, 2014). "Trump agency stiffed Jamaican model out of $200K: suit". New York Post. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  199. 199.0 199.1 Torres, Analisa. "Memorandum and Order". Docket Alarm. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  200. Cam, Deniz (March 23, 2016). "Trump Model Management Lawsuit Dismissed By Federal Judge". Forbes. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  201. Gitell, Seth (March 8, 2016). "I Survived Trump University". Politico. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  202. Cohan, William D. "Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real-Estate Students?". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  203. Barbaro, Michael (May 19, 2011). "New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School". The New York Times.
  204. 204.0 204.1 Halperin, David (March 3, 2016). "NY Court Refuses to Dismiss Trump University Case, Describes Fraud Allegations". The Huffington Post.
  205. Freifeld, Karen (October 16, 2014). "New York judge finds Donald Trump liable for unlicensed school". Reuters. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  206. Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (February 27, 2016). "Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  207. McCoy, Kevin (August 26, 2013). "Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university'". USA Today.
  208. Rappeport, Alan (June 3, 2016). "That Judge Attacked by Donald Trump? He's Faced a Lot Worse". The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  209. Ford, Matt (June 3, 2016). "Why Is Donald Trump So Angry at Judge Gonzalo Curiel?". The Atlantic. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  210. Finnegan, Michael (May 27, 2016). "Trump trashes judge overseeing Trump University fraud case, says it's fine that he's Mexican". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
  211. Jackson, David (June 7, 2016). "Trump says judge comments 'misconstrued' amid GOP uprising". USA Today. Retrieved June 8, 2016. I do not intend to comment on this matter any further
  212. [full text] Trump, Donald J. (June 7, 2016). "Donald Trump's Statement on Trump University". The New York Times.
  213. "Trial date set in Trump University lawsuit". CBS News. May 6, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
  214. Eder, Steve (November 18, 2016). "Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  215. "Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement". Daily News. New York. November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  216. Klepper, David; Spagat, Ellio (November 18, 2016). "Trump agrees to $25M settlement to resolve Trump U. lawsuits". Daily Herald. Associated Press.
  217. Frankel, Alison (March 7, 2017). "Could legal technicality derail Trump U settlement?". Reuters.
  218. 218.0 218.1 Johnson, M. Alex (July 13, 2015). "'The Answer Is No': Bill Cosby's Hollywood Walk of Fame Star Is Staying Put". NBC News. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  219. Blankfeld, Keren. "Donald Trump on His Brand Value: Forbes' Numbers Are Ridiculous". Forbes.
  220. 220.0 220.1 Frangos, Alex (May 18, 2009). "Trump on Trump: Testimony Offers Glimpse of How He Values His Empire". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
  221. Hiaasen, Carl (July 11, 2015). "Carl Hiaasen: There will never be a President Trump". The Miami Herald. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  222. "Turkish partner condemns Donald Trump's anti-Muslim remarks, reviews ties". Reuters. December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  223. Tigas, Mike; Wei, Sisi. "Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica". ProPublica. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  224. "Donald J Trump Foundation Inc – GuideStar Profile". guidestar.org. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  225. Fahrenthold, David A. (September 1, 2016). "Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general". The Washington Post.
  226. 226.0 226.1 226.2 Fahrenthold, David A.; Helderman, Rosalind S. (April 10, 2016). "Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash". The Washington Post.
  227. Solnik, Claude. "Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns", Long Island Business News (September 15, 2016): "charitable giving to conservative political groups, healthcare and sports-related charities".
  228. Fahrenthold, David A.; Rindler, Danielle (August 18, 2016). "Searching for evidence of Trump's personal giving". The Washington Post.
  229. Qiu, Linda (August 28, 2016). Yes, Donald Trump donated $100,000 to the Clinton Foundation. PolitiFact.com. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  230. Pramuk, Jacob (December 7, 2016). "Trump picks wrestling magnate Linda McMahon to lead Small Business Administration". MSNBC.
  231. Cillizza, Chris and Fahrenthold, David. "Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits", The Washington Post (September 15, 2016).
  232. 232.0 232.1 "NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices". CNN. September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  233. "Trump Foundation Falls Under Investigation By New York Attorney General". Fortune. September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  234. Farenthold, David. "Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office", The Washington Post (October 3, 2016).
  235. Jacobs, Ben (December 24, 2016). "Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
  236. "Casting Notes: Donald Trump Cameos in Wall Street 2; Jeremy Piven and Kate Walsh go to Canada". Slashfilm.com. November 30, 2009. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  237. Handel, Jonathan (July 22, 2015). "How Did Donald Trump Get a $110K SAG Pension?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  238. Palmeri, Christopher (July 22, 2015). "Inside Donald Trump's $110,000 Hollywood Pension Disclosure". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  239. Payment 2007, p. 85.
  240. Silverman, Stephen M. (April 29, 2004). "The Donald to Get New Wife, Radio Show". People. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  241. "Donald Trump Biography". trump.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
  242. Koffler, Jacob (August 7, 2015). "Donald Trump's 16 Biggest Business Failures and Successes". Time. The Apprentice premiered on NBC in 2004 to great ratings. Trump served as not only the host but also the executive producer, raking in $1 million per episode. The show was successful enough that it inspired a spinoff, The Celebrity Apprentice.
  243. Byers, Dylan (July 15, 2015). "Trump claims $213M payout for 'Apprentice'". Politico.com. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  244. Dent, Millie (July 10, 2015). "15 Facts You Didn't Know About Donald Trump". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  245. Swift, Andy (February 16, 2015). "The Apprentice Renewed for Season 15". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  246. Feeley, Paul (February 27, 2015). "Trump won't renew 'Apprentice' so that he might focus on a presidential run". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  247. Byers, Dylan (March 18, 2015). "NBC still planning for 'Apprentice,' despite Donald Trump's presidential claims". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  248. Siegel, Jacob (June 29, 2015). "NBC Just Fired Presidential Hopeful Donald Trump from 'The Apprentice'". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  249. "Arnold Schwarzenegger to replace Donald Trump as 'Celebrity Apprentice' host". Entertainment Weekly. September 14, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  250. Littleton, Cynthia (December 8, 2016). "Donald Trump to Remain Executive Producer on 'Celebrity Apprentice'". Variety. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  251. 251.0 251.1 251.2 251.3 251.4 251.5 251.6 251.7 "Donald Trump bio". WWE. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
  252. Powell, John. "WrestleMania XX bombs". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
  253. Murphy, Ryan. "Donald Trump announced for WWE Hall of Fame". WWE.
  254. Oreskes, Michael (September 2, 1987). "Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  255. Kurtz, Howard (September 2, 1987). "Between the Lines of a Millionaire's Ad". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  256. 256.0 256.1 Martosko, David (May 12, 2015). "Exclusive: Trump trademarked slogan 'Make America Great Again' just days after the 2012 election and says Ted Cruz has agreed not to use it again after Scott Walker booms it twice in speech". Daily Mail.
  257. Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 3.
  258. Gallup, George. "The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989", 3 (Rowman & Littlefield, 1990).
  259. Smith, Kyle (May 30, 2015). "Stop pretending – Donald Trump is not running for president". New York Post. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  260. Travis, Shannon (May 17, 2011). "Was he ever serious? How Trump strung the country along, again". CNN. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  261. Chang, Richard S. (February 19, 2009). "Trump: G.M. Should File for Bankruptcy". The New York Times.
  262. Haberman, Maggie (March 7, 2011). "Trump Tops Romney, Pawlenty". New York: WNBC-TV. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
  263. Schoen, Douglas (February 21, 2011). "Obama Hits 50 Percent Approval Rating, According to New Newsweek/Daily Beast Poll". Newsweek / Daily Beast Company LLC. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
  264. Shahid, Aliyah (April 15, 2011). "Donald Trump takes lead in GOP primary poll, beats Romney, Huckabee, Palin, Gingrich, Bachmann, Paul". Daily News. New York. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
  265. "Public Policy Polling" (PDF). Retrieved September 25, 2011.
  266. 266.0 266.1 CNN Political Unit (May 16, 2011). "Trump not running for president". CNN. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  267. "Donald Trump says he might run for president. Three reasons he won't". The Christian Science Monitor. February 10, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  268. Linkins, Jason (February 11, 2011). "Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  269. Collinson, Stephen; Diamond, Jeremy (September 16, 2016). "Trump finally admits it: 'President Barack Obama was born in the United States'". CNN.
  270. Abramson, Alana (September 16, 2016). "How Donald Trump Perpetuated the 'Birther' Movement for Years". ABC News.
  271. 271.0 271.1 271.2 Parker, Ashley; Eder, Steve (July 2, 2016). "Inside the Six Weeks Donald Trump Was a Nonstop 'Birther'". The New York Times.
  272. 272.0 272.1 Haberman, Maggie; Rappeport, Alan (September 16, 2016). "Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It". The New York Times.
  273. Kiely, Eugene (September 19, 2016). "Trump Surrogates Spin 'Birther' Narrative". FactCheck.org.
  274. "Trump claims Obama birth certificate 'missing'". CNN. April 25, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  275. Farley, Robert (April 7, 2011). "Donald Trump Says President Obama's grandmother caught on tape saying she witnessed his birth in Kenya". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  276. "Affidavit of Reverend Kweli Shuhubia" (PDF). FactCheck.org. October 30, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
  277. Shear, Michael D. (April 27, 2011). "With Document, Obama Seeks to End 'Birther' Issue". The New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  278. Madison, Lucy (April 27, 2011). "Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?'". CBS News. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
  279. "Donald J. Trump – Biography". The Trump Organization. Retrieved August 27, 2016. In 2011, after failed attempts by both Senator McCain and Hillary Clinton, Mr. Trump single handedly forced President Obama to release his birth certificate, which was lauded by large segments of the political community.
  280. Keneally, Meghan (September 18, 2015). "Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama". ABC News. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  281. Madison, Lucy (April 26, 2011). "Trump: How did Obama get into the Ivy League?". CBS News. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  282. Lee, MJ (July 9, 2015). "Trump says he still doesn't know where Obama was born". CNN. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  283. "Anderson Cooper 360 Degrees: Transcript". CNN. July 9, 2015. I really don't know. I mean, I don't know why he wouldn't release his records. But you know, honestly, I don't want to get into it.
  284. Goldstein, David (September 19, 2016). "It's one person's word against another on the birther rumor". Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  285. Gahr, Evan. "Media 'Fact-Checkers' Erase Sidney Blumenthal's Key Role in Obama Birther Muck". The New York Observer. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  286. "GOProud Leads 'Trump In 2012' Movement At CPAC". Towleroad.com. February 10, 2011.
  287. Moody, Chris (March 3, 2016). "Gay conservatives who helped kickstart Trump's GOP career have serious regrets". CNN.
  288. "Gay GOProud Founder Chris Barron Launches Loathsome 'LGBT for Trump' Campaign: WATCH". Towleroad.com. June 15, 2016.
  289. Cunion, William. "White Knights to the Rescue! The Non-Candidates of 2012" in The 2012 Nomination and the Future of the Republican Party, pp. 47–48 (William J. Miller, ed., 2013). Cunion writes that Trump never got above 17 percent in polls against the rest of the Republican field, but at least one exception was a PPP poll in April 2011 that put him at 26%. See Jensen, Tom. "Trump collapses", Public Policy Polling Blog (May 10, 2011).
  290. "Donald Trump to address CPAC". Yahoo! News. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  291. Madison, Lucy (March 15, 2013). "Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP". CBS News.
  292. Amira, Dan (March 15, 2013). "Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom". New York (magazine).
  293. "Trump researching 2016 run". Page Six. May 27, 2013.
  294. Spector, Joseph (October 14, 2013). "N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor". USA Today. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  295. Mooney, Chris. "Dear Donald Trump: Winter Does Not Disprove Global Warming". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  296. Miller, Jake (February 13, 2014). "Trump trumped by Cuomo in N.Y. governor race, poll finds". CBS News. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  297. Feely, Paul (February 27, 2015). "Trump won't renew 'Apprentice' so that he might focus on a presidential run". New Hampshire Union Leader.
  298. 298.0 298.1 Trump, Donald J. (February 19, 2000). "What I Saw at the Revolution". The New York Times.
  299. Winger, Richard (December 25, 2011). "Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries". Ballot Access News.
  300. Johnson, Glen. "Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House". Standard-Speaker. Hazelton, Pennsylvania.
  301. "Ballot Access News – Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries". ballot-access.org. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  302. "CA Secretary of State – Primary 2000 – Statewide Totals". ca.gov. Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  303. Madison, Lucy (October 4, 2010). "Donald Trump for President in 2012?". CBS News. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  304. Zwick, Jesse (October 4, 2010). "Donald Trump for President?". The Washington Independent. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  305. Gillin, Joshua (August 24, 2015). "Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade'". PolitiFact. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  306. "Trump endorses McCain". CNN. September 18, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  307. Lee, MJ; Moody, Chris (September 3, 2015). "Donald Trump signs RNC loyalty pledge". CNN. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  308. "Donald Trump (NY-R-I-D-R-NP-R) Has Twice Dumped The GOP, But Remains A Republican At Press Time". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  309. Newkirk, Zachary (February 17, 2011). "Donald Trump's Donations to Democrats, Club for Growth's Busy Day and More in Capital Eye Opener". Center for Responsive Politics, OpenSecrets.org.
  310. Cabaniss, Will (July 9, 2015). "Donald Trump's campaign contributions to Democrats and Republicans". PolitiFact.com.
  311. "Trump endorses Romney, cites tough China position and electability". Fox News Channel. February 2, 2012.
  312. Lerner, Adam B. (June 17, 2015). "Donald Trump names his favorite prez: Bill Clinton". Politico.
  313. "Morning Joe: Trump weighs in on best president". MSNBC. June 17, 2015.
  314. 314.0 314.1 O'Harrow, Robert Jr. (October 16, 2015). "Trump swam in mob-infested waters in early years as an NYC developer". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  315. Goldstock, Ronald (January 1, 1991). "Corruption and Racketeering in the New York City Construction Industry: Final Report to Governor Mario M. Cuomo". New York State Organized Crime Task Force: 120. ISBN 978-0-8147-3034-8. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  316. "Restoring the Public Trust: A Blueprint for Government Integrity". New York State Commission on Government Integrity. 18 (2 Article 3): 177–179. 1990. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  317. "Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech". Time. June 16, 2015.
  318. Walsh, Kenneth T. (August 15, 2016). "Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt'". U.S. News & World Report. 'If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by 20 percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.
  319. Koppel, Ted (July 24, 2016). "Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person"". CBS News. 'Well, I think that I'm an honest person,' Trump said. 'I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna – you know, I do want them to be straight about it.'
  320. Blake, Aaron (July 6, 2015). "Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing". The Washington Post.
  321. Cillizza, Chris (June 14, 2016). "This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise". The Washington Post.
  322. Confessore, Nicholas (March 26, 2016). "How the G.O.P. Elite Lost Its Voters to Donald Trump". The New York Times.
  323. Stewart, Emily (February 24, 2016). "Donald Trump Nomination Would Forever Change the Republican Party". TheStreet.
  324. Ohlheiser, Abby (June 3, 2016). "Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme". The Washington Post.
  325. Krieg, Gregory (August 25, 2016). "Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?". CNN. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  326. Sevastopulo, Demetri. "'Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election". Financial Times.
  327. Lozada, Carlos (December 30, 2016). "Donald Trump and the alt-right: A marriage of convenience". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  328. "White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  329. Kessler, Glenn (March 1, 2016). "Donald Trump and David Duke: For the record". Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  330. "Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News". The Guardian. November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  331. Strassel, Kimberley A. (November 18, 2016). "Steve Bannon on Politics as War". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 18, 2017. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  332. "Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally". The Washington Post. March 11, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  333. "Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally". The Washington Post. June 3, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  334. Diamond, Jeremy (May 28, 2016). "Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego". CNN. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  335. "The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump". FactCheck.org. December 21, 2015.
  336. Holan, Angie Drobnic; Qiu, Linda (December 21, 2015). "2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump". PolitiFact.com.
  337. Farhi, Paul (February 26, 2016). "Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.)". The Washington Post.
  338. Stelter, Brian (September 26, 2016). "The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar". CNN.
  339. Flitter, Emily; Oliphant, James (August 28, 2015). "Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire". Reuters. Trump's penchant for exaggeration could backfire – he risks promising voters more than he can deliver... Optimistic exaggeration... is a hallmark of the cutthroat New York real estate world where many developers, accustomed to ramming their way into deals, puff up their portfolios. 'A little hyperbole never hurts,' he wrote... For Trump, exaggerating has always been a frequent impulse, especially when the value of his Trump brand is disputed.
  340. "Trump tics: Making hyperbole great again". Agence France-Presse. August 16, 2016 – via Yahoo! News.
  341. "Lucas Graves". October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  342. Graves, Lucas (August 10, 2016). ""Deciding what's true" with Lucas Graves". WORT. This is an audio interview of Graves, author of Deciding What's True: The Rise of Political Fact-Checking in American Journalism (Columbia University Press 2016). Note particularly the portion of audio beginning at 50:30.
  343. McCammon, Sarah. "Donald Trump's Controversial Speech Often Walks The Line", NPR (August 10, 2016): "Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo."
  344. Linshi, Jack (July 7, 2015). "More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever". Time. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  345. Howell, Kellan (March 9, 2016). "Donald Trump helps GOP presidential debates break TV ratings records". Time. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  346. "Donald Trump, Ted Cruz Angling For One-On-One Republican Race". Fortune. March 6, 2016.
  347. Bump, Philip (March 23, 2016). "Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll". The Washington Post.
  348. Nussbaum, Matthew (May 3, 2016). "RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee". Politico.com. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  349. Bump, Philip. "Trump got the most GOP votes ever — both for and against him — and other fun facts". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  350. Berenson, Tessa (May 5, 2016). "Donald Trump Tells West Virginia Primary Voters to Stay Home". Time.
  351. "Fuller picture emerges of man arrested at Trump rally". Associated Press.
  352. Hartig, Hannah; Lapinski, John; Psyllos, Stephanie (July 19, 2016). "Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off". NBC News.
  353. "2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton". Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  354. "General Election: Trump vs. Clinton". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  355. Barro, Josh (July 14, 2016). "The polls are swinging against Hillary Clinton because she gave voters reason to distrust her". Business Insider.
  356. Levingston, Ivan (July 15, 2016). "Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP". CNBC.
  357. "Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president". Fox News Channel. July 19, 2016.
  358. Timm, Jane C. (July 17, 2016). "9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List". NBC News. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
  359. Raju, Manu (May 5, 2016). "Flake, McCain split over backing Trump". CNN. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
  360. Frank, Jeffrey (July 20, 2016). "Trump, Inspired by Nixon?". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  361. Battaglio, Stephen (July 22, 2016). "35 million TV viewers watch Donald Trump's acceptance speech at GOP convention". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  362. Agiesta, Jennifer. "Trump bounces into the lead". CNN. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  363. "For First Time, Trump's Image on Par With Clinton's". Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  364. "Election Update: Why Our Model Is Bullish On Trump, For Now". July 28, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  365. "Post-Democratic convention bounce: 7 points for Clinton". Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  366. "Election Update: Clinton's Bounce Appears Bigger Than Trump's". August 1, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  367. "Romney calls decision by Trump not to release tax returns 'disqualifying'". Fox News Channel. May 11, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  368. Collinson, Stephen; Diamond, Jeremy; Khan, Hasan (February 25, 2016). "Donald Trump rejects Mitt Romney's ironic tax attack". CNN. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  369. "Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits". CNN. February 26, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  370. Browning, Lynnley (February 26, 2016). "Trump's 12 Years of Audits 'Very Unusual,' Ex-IRS Agent Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  371. Kopan, Tal (May 13, 2016). "Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business'". CNN.
  372. Wilhelm, Colin (January 24, 2016). "Trump vows to release his tax returns". Politico. Retrieved February 22, 2016. It's a little tax
  373. Rappeport, Alan (May 11, 2016). "Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  374. Stewart, Emily (August 27, 2016). "Would No Tax Lawyer Advise Trump Release His Tax Returns? It's Complicated". TheStreet.com.
  375. Zarroli, Jim (February 26, 2016). "Fact-Check: Donald Trump Can't Release His Taxes While Being Audited?". NPR.
  376. Marans, Daniel (November 26, 2017). "Petition Demanding Donald Trump Release His Tax Returns Breaks White House Record". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  377. Central, 2016 Election (September 23, 2015). "2016 Presidential Debate Schedule". Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  378. Stelter, Brian (September 27, 2016). "Debate breaks record as most-watched in U.S. history". CNNMoney. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  379. "US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result". BBC News. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  380. "How US media reacted to the third presidential debate". ABC News. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  381. Kazin, Michael (March 22, 2016). "How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'?". The New York Times.
  382. Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). "Trump's 6 populist positions". Politico.
  383. 383.0 383.1 "Tax Reform | Donald J Trump for President". Donaldjtrump.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  384. Ehrenfreund, Max (December 16, 2015). "Liberals will love something Donald Trump said last night". The Washington Post.
  385. "Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something". December 21, 2016.
  386. Williams, Mason B. "Would Trump's Infrastructure Plan Fix America's Cities?".
  387. Shafer, Jack (May 2016). "Did We Create Trump?". Politico. ...Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest...
  388. Trump & Schwartz 2009, p. 56.
  389. 389.0 389.1 Fahrenthold, David A. (August 17, 2015). "20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June". The Washington Post.
  390. Hensch, Mark (July 12, 2015). "'Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops". The Hill.
  391. 391.0 391.1 Noah, Timothy (July 26, 2015). "Will the real Donald Trump please stand up?". Politico.
  392. Timm, Jane C. "A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions". NBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  393. McCarthy, Tom (December 13, 2016). "Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next". The Guardian. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  394. Bump, Philip (March 3, 2017). "The web of relationships between Team Trump and Russia". Washington Post. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  395. Viebeck, Elise; Markon, Jerry; DeYoung, Karen (November 14, 2016). "Trump, Putin agree in phone call to improve 'unsatisfactory' relations between their countries, Kremlin says". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  396. Olearchyk, Roman (August 28, 2016). "Ukraine's Leaders Campaign against 'Pro-Putin' Trump". Financial Times. London. The prospect of Mr Trump … becoming leader of the country’s biggest ally has spurred not just Mr Leshchenko but Kiev’s wider political leadership to do something they would never have attempted before: intervene, however indirectly, in a US election.
  397. Vogel, Kenneth and Stern, David. "Ukrainian efforts to sabotage Trump backfire", Politico (January 11, 2017).
  398. Nakashima, Ellen (October 7, 2016). "U.S. government officially accuses Russia of hacking campaign to interfere with elections". Washington Post. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  399. Mazzetti, Michael S. Schmidt, Mark; Apuzzo, Matt (February 14, 2017). "Trump Campaign Aides Had Repeated Contacts With Russian Intelligence". The New York Times.
  400. Sakuma, Amanda (October 26, 2016). "Donald Trump Surrogates Have Their Own Baggage With Women Voters". NBC News. ...newly unearthed audio recordings showed Trump bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.
  401. Jan, Tracy (October 14, 2016). "More women accuse Trump of aggressive sexual behavior". Boston Globe. Trump has been confronted with a slew of allegations of sexual misconduct over the past week, starting with a report in The Washington Post of a 2005 tape featuring him bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.
  402. Lawler, David; Henderson, Barney; Allen, Nick; Sherlock, Ruth (October 13, 2016). "US presidential debate recap: Polls split on whether Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton won poisonous argument". The Daily Telegraph. ...it was a matter of minutes before the lewd tape, in which Mr Trump brags about 'grabbing p----' and forcibly kissing women, was brought up.
  403. 403.0 403.1 403.2 Fahrenthold, David A. (October 8, 2016). "Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005". The Washington Post.
  404. Marans, Daniel (October 8, 2016). "Donald Trump Made Lewd Comments While Melania Was Pregnant". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  405. Burns, Alexander; Haberman, Maggie; Martin, Jonathan (October 7, 2016). "Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  406. Jensen, Salvatore (October 8, 2016). "Donald Trump's vulgar conversation about women caught on hot mic". Cosumnes Connection. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  407. Hagen, Lisa (October 7, 2016). "Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  408. Stacey, Madison (October 8, 2016). "Pence to fill in for Donald Trump Saturday following video leak". Indianapolis, Indiana: WXIN-TV. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  409. Blake, Aaron (October 8, 2016). "Here's the fast-growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  410. Elgot, Jessica (October 10, 2016). "Top Tories distance themselves from Trump after groping boasts". The Guardian.
  411. Nelson, Libby; Frostenson, Sarah (October 20, 2016). "A brief guide to the 17 women Trump has allegedly assaulted, groped or harassed". Vox. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  412. Helderman, Rosiland. "The growing list of women who have stepped forward to accuse Trump of touching them inappropriately". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  413. Stableford, Dylan (October 17, 2016). "The women who have accused Donald Trump". Yahoo News. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  414. Byers, Dylan (October 12, 2016). "Donald Trump threatens to sue New York Times over sexual harassment report". CNNMoney. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  415. "Trump demands NYT retracts 'libelous article' about alleged assault as new claims emerge". Fox News Channel. October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  416. Healy, Patrick; Rappeport, Alan (October 13, 2016). "Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  417. ""I never said I'm a perfect person," Trump says about lewd comments". Retrieved December 11, 2016.
  418. Schmidt, Kiersten; Andrews, Wilson (December 19, 2016). "A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton". The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  419. Darcy, Oliver (November 9, 2016). "'It's time for us to come together': Trump strikes conciliatory tone in victory speech". Business Insider. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  420. Swift, Andy (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Makes First Speech as President-Elect, Thanks Hillary Clinton for Her 'Service' – Watch Video". Yahoo. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  421. Desilver, Drew. "Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones", Pew Research Center (December 20, 2017).
  422. Thomas, G. Scott. Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections, p. 125 (ABC-CLIO, 2015).
  423. Cheney, Kyle. "Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit", Politico (December 14, 2016).
  424. Price, Greg (November 17, 2016). "Popular Vote Update: Why Hillary Clinton Didn't Win A Majority Of The Electorate". International Business Times.
  425. Leip, David (December 20, 2016). "2016 Presidential General Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Newton, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
  426. Tani, Maxwell (November 9, 2016). "Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history". Politico. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  427. Cohn, Nate (November 9, 2016). "Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  428. Weber, Peter (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience". The Week.
  429. Yomtov, Jesse (November 8, 2016). "Where Trump ranks among least experienced presidents". USA Today.
  430. 430.0 430.1 Crockett, Zachary (November 11, 2016). "Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience". Vox. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  431. Adams, Cydney (November 8, 2016). "Donald Trump could win election without his home state, and that's pretty rare". CBS News.
  432. "Anti-Trump protests move through fifth day". CNN. November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  433. Cummings, William (November 11, 2016). "Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect". USA Today. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  434. Colson, Thomas (November 11, 2016). "Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair'". Business Insider. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  435. Vincent, James (November 11, 2016). "Trump complains about 'unfair' protestors, deletes his tweets calling for revolution in 2012". The Verge. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  436. Przybyla, Heidi M.; Schouten, Fredreka (January 22, 2017). "At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations". USA Today (online ed.). Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  437. Buncombe, Andrew (January 22, 2017). "We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat". The Independent. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  438. "Women's March on Washington: Historic Protest Three Times Larger Than Trump's Inaugural Crowd". Democracy Now!. January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  439. Davis, Julie (November 10, 2016). "Trump and Obama Hold Cordial 90-Minute Meeting in Oval Office". The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  440. "Donald Trump meets Barack Obama – five awkward photos". BBC. November 10, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
  441. Keneally, Meghan; Santucci, John; Margolin, Josh (November 11, 2016). "Donald Trump Replaces Chris Christie With Mike Pence as Head of Transition Team". ABC News. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  442. Shear, Michael D.; Haberman, Maggie; Rappeport, Alan (November 13, 2016). "Donald Trump Picks Reince Priebus as Chief of Staff". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  443. "President-elect Trump names Steve Bannon and Reince Priebus to his senior White House leadership team". Yahoo News. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  444. Lichtblau, Eric (November 18, 2016). "Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  445. Rosenberg, Matthew; Haberman, Maggie (November 17, 2016). "Trump Is Said to Offer National Security Post to Michael Flynn, Retired General". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  446. Smith, David (November 23, 2016). "Betsy Devos, billionaire philanthropist, picked as Trump education secretary". The Guardian. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  447. Costa, Robert (November 23, 2016). "Gov. Nikki Haley tapped to be Trump's U.N. ambassador". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  448. Mattingly, Phil; Wright, David. "Trump picks Elaine Chao for transportation secretary". CNN. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  449. "Trump picks Congressman Tom Price as health and human services secretary". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  450. Gabriel, Trip (December 5, 2016). "Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD". The New York Times. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  451. "Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary". BBC News. November 30, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  452. Zarroli, Jim (November 30, 2016). "Trump Taps Billionaire Investor Wilbur Ross For Commerce Secretary". NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  453. Lamothe, Dan. "Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  454. "Donald Trump picks John Kelly, Retired General, to lead Homeland Security". The New York Times. December 7, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  455. Scheiber, Noam (December 8, 2016). "Trump Labor pick, Andrew Puzder, is critic of Minimum Wage Increases". The New York Times. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  456. Rappeport, Alan (February 15, 2017). "Andrew Puzder Withdraws From Consideration as Labor Secretary". The New York Times. Washington D.C. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  457. "Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State". December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  458. "Rick Perry, Ex-governor of Texas, is Trump's pick as Energy Secretary". The New York Times. December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  459. "President-elect Donald J. Trump intends to nominate U.S. Congressman Ryan Zinke as Secretary of the Interior". Trump Transition Team. December 15, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  460. Domonoske, Camila (January 11, 2017). "Trump Announces David Shulkin As Pick For Secretary Of Veterans Affairs". NPR.
  461. Singman, Brooke (February 8, 2017). "Trump Facing Historic Delays in Confirmation Push". Fox News. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  462. Schoen, John W. (February 24, 2017). "No President has Ever Waited This Long to Get a Cabinet Approved". CNBC. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  463. Zurcher, Anthony (February 9, 2017). "Reality check: Is Donald Trump's cabinet facing historic obstruction?". BBC News Online. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  464. "Trump outlines plan for first 100 days in YouTube video". Fox News Channel. November 22, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  465. Real Entertainment Tube (November 21, 2016). "Donald Trump outlines policy plan for first 100 days – Trump's latest Video Update on Transition" – via YouTube.
  466. Gibbs, Nancy (December 7, 2016). "Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year". Time. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  467. Kim, Eun Kyung (December 7, 2016). "Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state". TODAY.com. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  468. Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (December 7, 2016). "Mitt Romney Still in the Running for Secretary of State, Trump Says". The New York Times. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  469. Horton, Helena (December 10, 2016). "Donald Trump says he would rather be Man of The Year because Person of The Year is 'politically correct'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  470. "Donald Trump: Financial Times Person of the Year". Financial Times. Retrieved December 13, 2016. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  471. "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. December 2016. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  472. "Putin turned Russia election hacks in Trump's favor: U.S. officials", Reuters, December 15, 2016, retrieved December 16, 2016
  473. Flores, Reena (December 11, 2016). "Donald Trump weighs in on Russia hacking election, CIA intelligence". CBS News. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  474. "WikiLeaks' Assange denies Russia behind Podesta hack". Politico. November 3, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  475. Meyer, Henry; Kravchenko, Stepan (December 15, 2016). "Russia Rejects as 'Rubbish' Claims Putin Directed U.S. Hacking". Bloomberg News. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  476. "Intel chiefs briefed Trump, Obama on unverified, salacious allegations concerning Russia and president-elect". 2017.
  477. "Trump Denies Allegations Of Secret Ties, Collusion Between Campaign And Russia".
  478. "BuzzFeed's ridiculous rationale for publishing the Trump-Russia dossier". Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  479. Schwartz, Ian. "Woodward: Trump Right To Be Upset About 'Garbage Document,' Deserves Apology", Real Clear Politics (January 15, 2017).
  480. Sciutto, Jim; Perez, Even; Brown, Pamela; Cohen, Marshall (February 10, 2017). "US investigators corroborate some aspects of the Russia dossier". CNN. Washington. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  481. Quigley, Aidan (January 25, 2017). "All of Trump's executive actions so far". Politico. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  482. Powell, Rebeka (January 29, 2017). "Protesters descend on US airports rallying against Trump's immigration policies". Sydney, Australia: ABC News. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  483. D. Shear, Michael; Cooper, Helene (January 27, 2017). "Trump Bars Refugees and Citizens of 7 Muslim Countries". The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  484. 484.0 484.1 Shear, Michael. "White House Official, in Reversal, Says Green Card Holders Won't Be Barred", New York Times (January 29, 2017).
  485. de Vogue, Ariane (January 28, 2017). "Judge halts implementation of Trump's immigration order". CNN. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
  486. 486.0 486.1 Chakraborty, Barnini (March 6, 2017). "Trump Signs New Immigration Order, Narrows Scope of Travel Ban". Fox News. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  487. Barnes, Robert (January 31, 2017). "Trump picks Colo. appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  488. Template:Cite pr
  489. Mufson, Steven (November 29, 2016). "Trump's energy policy team includes climate change skeptic, free-market advocate". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
  490. Parker, Ashley; Davenport, Coral (May 26, 2016). "Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules". The New York Times.
  491. Samenow, Jason (March 22, 2016). "Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate". The Washington Post.
  492. 492.0 492.1 Ehrenfreund, Max (July 22, 2015). "Here's what Donald Trump really believes". The Washington Post.
  493. "What Donald Trump said about the Chinese inventing the 'hoax' of climate change". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  494. Schwartz, Nelson D. (May 21, 2016). "Economic Promises a President Trump Could (and Couldn't) Keep". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  495. Rivkin, David B. Jr.; Grossman, Andrew M. (November 20, 2016). "Trump Can Ax the Clean Power Plan by Executive Order". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  496. "In Their Own Words: 2016 Presidential Candidates on Climate Change" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  497. Meyer, Robinson (November 22, 2016). "What Does Trump Think About Climate Change? He Doesn't Know Either". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  498. Johnson, Jenna (May 13, 2016). "Trump: All policy proposals are just flexible suggestions". The Washington Post.
  499. Woodward, Bob (April 5, 2016). "Trump reveals how he would force Mexico to pay for border wall". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  500. Hamilton, Keegan. "The US already has a border wall and it's basically useless", Vice News (November 3, 2016).
  501. Maachi, Victoria et al. "President-elect Trump Shifts Positions on Some Campaign Promises", Voice of America (November 24, 2016): "Nearly a third of the 3,200-kilometer (2,000-mile) border between the U.S. and Mexico already has a border wall of some type."
  502. Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, August 19, 2015, retrieved September 29, 2015
  503. Oh, Inae (August 19, 2015). "Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional". Mother Jones. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  504. "Trump retreats on deportations, vows no amnesty". Associated Press. September 1, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
  505. Scott, Eugene (December 13, 2015). "Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban". CNN.
  506. Barro, Josh (December 15, 2015). "How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask". The New York Times. Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States...
  507. Colvin, Jill; Barrow, Bill (December 14, 2015). "Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce". U.S. News & World Report. He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.
  508. Johnson, Jenna. "Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries", Chicago Tribune (June 25, 2016): "[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me.' Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states..."
  509. Detrow, Scott. Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism', NPR (June 13, 2016): "I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats."
  510. Park, Haeyoun (July 22, 2016). "Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  511. Siddiqui, Sabrina (January 27, 2017). "Trump signs 'extreme vetting' executive order for people entering the US". The Guardian. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  512. 512.0 512.1 512.2 "Trump signs new travel ban directive". BBC News. March 6, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  513. Grinberg, Emanuella; Park, Madison (January 30, 2017). "2nd day of protests over Trump's immigration policies". CNN Politics. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  514. Wright, David (April 21, 2016). "Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion". CNN.
  515. 515.0 515.1 de Vogue, Ariane (November 15, 2016). "Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled,' but Roe v Wade can be changed". 60 Minutes. CBS. Retrieved November 30, 2016 – via CNN.
  516. Gorman, Michele (May 20, 2016). "A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights". Newsweek.
  517. Official website. Protecting our Second Amendment rights will make America great again Archived January 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. "There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended." Retrieved: October 21, 2015.
  518. Krieg, Gregory (June 20, 2016). "The times Trump changed his positions on guns". CNN.
  519. February 27, 2015. (Excerpt from Donald Trump Remarks at CPAC). Donald Trump on Marijuana. C-Span. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  520. Diamond, Jeremy (December 11, 2015). "Trump: Death penalty for cop killers". CNN. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  521. Foderaro, Lisa (May 1, 1989). "Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return Of the Death Penalty". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  522. McCarthy, Tom. "Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  523. "Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding". ABC News. February 6, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  524. 524.0 524.1 Kertscher, Tom (September 11, 2015). "Donald Trump wants to replace Obamacare with a single-payer health care system, GOP congressman says". Politifact Wisconsin. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  525. Trump, Donald (2000). The America We Deserve. Los Angeles, California: Renaissance Books. pp. 258–278. ISBN 978-1-58063-131-0. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  526. Millward, David (August 7, 2015). "Trump under attack as he praises NHS care". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  527. Learmonth, Andrew (August 8, 2015). "US presidential hope Donald Trump hails the NHS in Scotland". The National. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  528. Kodjak, Alison (November 9, 2016). "Trump Can Kill Obamacare With Or Without Help From Congress". All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  529. Walsh, Deirdre; Lee, MJ (January 10, 2017). "Trump wants Obamacare repeal 'quickly,' but Republicans aren't ready". CNN. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  530. Levey, Noam (March 3, 2016). "Trump promised a 'beautiful' healthcare plan, but it's pretty basic". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  531. "Healthcare Reform to Make America Great Again". Donald J. Trump for President. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  532. Shane, Leo. "New in 2017: Trump takes on veterans health care reform", Military Times (December 29, 2016).
  533. Slack, Donovan (January 24, 2017). "Trump hiring freeze includes the short-staffed VA". USA TODAY. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  534. "Donald Trump on School Choice". American Principles in Action. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  535. Trump sets record for longest 2016 GOP announcement speech. Fox News Channel, June 16, 2015
  536. Moser, Laura (January 26, 2016). "Trump Releases Video Airing His Completely Vague Views on Education and Common Core". Slate.
  537. Richwine, Jason (October 23, 2015). Why Not Abolish the Department of Education? National Review. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  538. "Details and Analysis of Donald Trump's Tax Plan". The Tax Foundation. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  539. Jacobson, Louis (May 19, 2016). "Elizabeth Warren gets better of Donald Trump on his stance on abolishing federal minimum wage". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  540. Greenberg, Jon (July 26, 2016). "Sanders: Trump would allow states to lower the minimum wage". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  541. Jacobson, Louis (July 28, 2016). "Donald Trump gets a Full Flop for stance on minimum wage". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  542. Haberman, Maggie (January 7, 2016). "Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports". The New York Times.
  543. "Lawrence Solomon: Donald Trump's protectionism fits right in with Republicans". Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  544. Epstein, Reid J.; Nelson, Colleen McCain (June 28, 2016). "Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  545. Appelbaum, Binyamin (March 10, 2016). "On Trade, Donald Trump Breaks With 200 Years of Economic Orthodoxy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  546. "Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster"". 60 Minutes, CBS. September 25, 2015.
  547. "Election 2016: Your money, your vote. Yes, 'President Trump' really could kill NAFTA – but it wouldn't be pretty". CNN. July 6, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  548. "President Trump? Among U.S. allies, Japan may be one of the most anxious about that idea". Los Angeles Times. June 26, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  549. Lane, Charles (October 21, 2015). "Donald Trump's contempt for the free market". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  550. Haberman, Maggie (January 7, 2016). "Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports". The New York Times — First Draft. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  551. "Trump: I'm Running Against Clinton, Not 'Rest of the World'". Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  552. Needham, Vicki (July 24, 2016). "Trump suggests leaving WTO over import tax proposal". Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  553. Gove, Michael; Wright, Oliver (January 15, 2017). "Donald Trump: I'll do a deal with Britain". The Sunday Times. New York. Retrieved January 25, 2017. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  554. Gove, Michael (January 16, 2017). "Full transcript of interview with Donald Trump". The Times. Retrieved January 25, 2017. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  555. Adriance, Sam (February 16, 2017). "President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years". The National Law Review. Retrieved March 8, 2017. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  556. Farand, Chloe (March 6, 2017). "Donald Trump Disassembles 90 Federal State Regulations in Just Over a Month in White House". The Independent. Retrieved March 7, 2017. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  557. "Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples". The New York Times (via DocumentCloud). March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017. More than 90 Obama-era federal regulations have been revoked or delayed or enforcement has been suspended, in many cases based on requests from the industries the rules target. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  558. Michael D. Shear (January 23, 2017). "Trump Orders Broad Hiring Freeze for Federal Government". New York Times. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  559. "Trump Orders Hiring Freeze for Much of Federal Government". Fox News. January 24, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017.