887 – Berengar I is elected as king of Italy by the lords of Lombardy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia.[1]
1481 – Battle of Westbroek: Holland defeats troops of Utrecht.
1489 – The forces of the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, take control of Almería from the Nasrid ruler of Granada, Muhammad XIII.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: In the Battle of Trenton, the Continental Army attacks and successfully defeats a garrison of Hessian forces.
1790 – Louis XVI of France gives his public assent to Civil Constitution of the Clergy during the French Revolution.
1793 – Second Battle of Wissembourg: France defeats Austria.
1799 – Henry Lee III's eulogy to George Washington in congress declares him as "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". (This is not to be confused with Washington's funeral on December 18.)
1805 – Austria and France sign the Treaty of Pressburg.
1806 – Battles of Pultusk and Golymin: Russian forces hold French forces under Napoleon.
1811 – A theater fire in Richmond, Virginia kills the Governor of VirginiaGeorge William Smith and the president of the First National Bank of Virginia Abraham B. Venable.
1825 – Advocates of liberalism in Russia rise up against Czar Nicholas I but are suppressed in the Decembrist revolt in Saint Petersburg.
1861 – American Civil War: The Trent Affair: Confederate diplomatic envoys James Murray Mason and John Slidell are freed by the United States government, thus heading off a possible war between the United States and the United Kingdom.
1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chickasaw Bayou begins.
1862 – Four nuns serving as volunteer nurses on board USS Red Rover are the first female nurses on a U.S. Navy hospital ship.
1862 – The largest mass-hanging in U.S. history took place in Mankato, Minnesota, where 38 Native Americans died.[2]
1871 – Thespis, the first Gilbert and Sullivan collaboration, debuts. It does modestly well, but the two would not collaborate again for four years and the score has been lost.
1898 – Marie and Pierre Curie announce the isolation of radium.
1919 – Babe Ruth of the Boston Red Sox is sold to the New York Yankees by owner Harry Frazee, allegedly establishing the Curse of the Bambino superstition.
1941 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day in the United States.
1943 – World War II: German warship Scharnhorst is sunk off of Norway's North Cape after a battle against major Royal Navy forces.
1944 – World War II: George S. Patton's Third Armybreaks the encirclement of surrounded U.S. forces at Bastogne, Belgium.
1948 – Cardinal József Mindszenty is arrested in Hungary and accused of treason and conspiracy.
1966 – The first Kwanzaa is celebrated by Maulana Karenga, the chair of Black Studies at California State University, Long Beach.
1968 – The Communist Party of the Philippines is established by Jose Maria Sison, breaking away from the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930.
1972 – Vietnam War: As part of Operation Linebacker II, 120 American B-52 Stratofortress bombers attacked Hanoi, including 78 launched from Andersen Air Force Base in Guam, the largest single combat launch in Strategic Air Command history.
1975 – Tu-144, the world's first commercial supersonic aircraft, surpassing Mach 2, went into service.
1991 – The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union meets and formally dissolves the Soviet Union, ending the Cold War.[3]
1994 – Four Armed Islamic Grouphijackers seize control of Air France Flight 8969. When the plane lands at Marseille, a French Gendarmerie assault team boards the aircraft and kills the hijackers.
1998 – Iraq announces its intention to fire upon U.S. and British warplanes that patrol the northern and southern no-fly zones.
1999 – The storm Lothar sweeps across Central Europe, killing 137 and causing US$1.3 billion in damage.
2003 – The 6.6 Template:MBam earthquake shakes southeastern Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving more than 26,000 dead and 30,000 injured.
2004 – The 9.1–9.3 Template:MIndian Ocean earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). One of the largest observed tsunamis follows, affecting the coastal areas of Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Indonesia; death toll is estimated at 227,898.
2004 – Orange Revolution: The final run-off election in Ukraine is held under heavy international scrutiny.
2012 – China opens the world's longest high-speed rail route, which links Beijing and Guangzhou.
2015 – During the December 2015 North American storm complex, a Tornado Outbreak occurred in the DFW Metroplex, with the most notable tornadoes being an EF2, EF3, and an EF4. About a dozen people died due to various reasons, 10 of which due to the EF4, which did substantial damage to the suburb of Rowlett.
Births[]
1194 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1250)
1446 – Charles de Valois, Duke de Berry, French noble (d. 1472)
1526 – Rose Lok, businesswoman and Protestant exile (d.1613)
1532 – Wilhelm Xylander, German scholar and academic (d. 1576)
1536 – Yi I, Korean philosopher and scholar (d. 1584)
1537 – Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1593)
1581 – Philip III, Landgrave of Hesse-Butzbach (d. 1643)
1618 – Elisabeth of the Palatinate, German princess, philosopher, and Calvinist (d. 1680)
1628 – John Page, American politician (d. 1692)
1646 – Robert Bolling, English-American merchant and planter (d. 1709)
1687 – Johann Georg Pisendel, German violinist and composer (d. 1755)
1716 – Thomas Gray, English poet and scholar (d. 1771)
1716 – Jean François de Saint-Lambert, French soldier and philosopher (d. 1803)
1723 – Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm, German-French author and playwright (d. 1807)
1737 – Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1815)
1751 – Lord George Gordon, English lieutenant and politician (d. 1793)
1751 – Clemens Maria Hofbauer, Austrian priest, missionary, and saint (d. 1820)
1769 – Ernst Moritz Arndt, German writer and poet (d. 1860)
1780 – Mary Somerville, Scottish mathematician, astronomer, and author (d. 1872)[5]
1785 – Étienne Constantin de Gerlache, Belgian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1871)
1782 – Philaret Drozdov, Russian metropolitan and saint (d. 1867)
1791 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician and engineer, invented the Difference engine (d. 1871)
1803 – Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Estonian physician and author (d. 1882)
1819 – E. D. E. N. Southworth, American author and educator (d. 1899)
1820 – Dion Boucicault, Irish actor and playwright (d. 1890)
1837 – Morgan Bulkeley, American soldier and politician, 54th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1922)
1837 – George Dewey, American admiral (d. 1917)
1852 – Johannes François Snelleman, Dutch zoologist, orientalist, and ethnographer (d. 1938)
1853 – René Bazin, French author and academic (d. 1932)
1854 – José Yves Limantour, Mexican financier and politician, Mexican Secretary of Finance (d. 1935)
1859 – William Stephens, American lawyer and politician, 24th Governor of California (d. 1944)
1863 – Charles Pathé, French record producer, co-founded Pathé Records (d. 1957)
1864 – Yun Chi-ho, Korean activist and politician (d. 1945)
1867 – Phan Bội Châu, Vietnamese activist (d. 1940)
2009 – Felix Wurman, American cellist and composer (b. 1958)
2010 – Salvador Jorge Blanco, 48th President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1926)
2010 – Edward Bhengu, South African activist (b. 1934)
2010 – Teena Marie, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1956)
2011 – Houston Antwine, American football player (b. 1939)
2011 – Pedro Armendáriz, Jr., Mexican-American actor and producer (b. 1940)
2011 – Sarekoppa Bangarappa, Indian politician, 15th Chief Minister of Karnataka (b. 1932)
2011 – Joe Bodolai, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1948)
2011 – James Rizzi, American painter and illustrator (b. 1950)
2012 – Gerry Anderson, English director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1929)
2012 – Gerald McDermott, American author and illustrator (b. 1941)
2012 – Ibrahim Tannous, Lebanese general (b. 1929)
2013 – Paul Blair, American baseball player and coach (b. 1944)
2013 – Marta Eggerth, Hungarian-American actress and singer (b. 1912)
2014 – Stanisław Barańczak, Polish-American poet, critic, and scholar (b. 1946)
2014 – James B. Edwards, American dentist, soldier, and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Energy (b. 1927)
2014 – Leo Tindemans, Belgian politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1922)
2015 – Sidney Mintz, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1922)
2015 – Jim O'Toole, American baseball player (b. 1937)
2016 – Ricky Harris, American comedian, actor (b. 1962)
2016 – George S. Irving, American actor, singer and dancer (b. 1922)
2017 – Irv Weinstein, American broadcaster and television news anchor (b. 1930)
Holidays and observances[]
Boxing Day, except when December 26 is a Sunday. If it is a Sunday, Boxing Day is transferred to December 27 by Royal Proclamation. (Commonwealth of Nations), and its related observances:
Day of Good Will (South Africa and Namibia)
Family Day (Vanuatu)
Thanksgiving (Solomon Islands)
Christian feast day:
Abadiu of Antinoe (Coptic Church)
Earliest day on which Feast of the Holy Family can fall, celebrated on Sunday after Christmas or 30 if Christmas falls on a Sunday.
James the Just (Eastern Orthodox Church)
Stephen (Western Church)
Synaxis of the Theotokos (Eastern Orthodox Church)
St. Stephen's Day (public holiday in Alsace, Austria, Catalonia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland), and its related observances:
Father's Day (Bulgaria)
The first day of Kwanzaa, celebrated until January 1 (United States)
The first day of Junkanoo street parade, the second day is on the New Year's Day (The Bahamas)