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2024

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  2023 (Wednesday)
  2022 (Tuesday)
  2021 (Monday)
  2020 (Sunday)
  2019 (Friday)
  2018 (Thursday)
  2017 (Wednesday)
  2016 (Tuesday)
  2015 (Sunday)
  2014 (Saturday)

December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 11 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

  • AD 69 – Priscus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian.[1]
  • 1192Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after the Third Crusade.[2]
  • 1334 – Cistercian Jacques Fournier is elected Pope Benedict XII.[3]
  • 1606 – The Virginia Company loads three ships with settlers and sets sail to establish Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
  • 1803 – The Louisiana Purchase is completed at a ceremony in New Orleans.
  • 1808Peninsular War: The Siege of Zaragoza begins.
  • 1808 – The original Garden Theatre in London is destroyed by a fire, along with most of the scenery, costumes and scripts.
  • 1832HMS Clio under the command of Captain Onslow arrives at Port Egmont under orders to take possession of the Falkland Islands
  • 1860South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States.
  • 1915World War I: The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli.
  • 1917Cheka, the first Soviet secret police force, is founded.
  • 1924Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison.[4]
  • 1941World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers" in Kunming, China.
  • 1942 – World War II: Japanese air forces bomb Calcutta, India.
  • 1946 – The popular Christmas film It's a Wonderful Life is first released in New York City.
  • 1948Indonesian National Revolution: The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly-formed Republic of Indonesia.
  • 1951 – The EBR-1 in Arco, Idaho becomes the first nuclear power plant to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs.
  • 1952 – A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns in Moses Lake, Washington killing 87.
  • 1955Cardiff is proclaimed the capital city of Wales, United Kingdom.
  • 1957 – The initial production version of the Boeing 707 makes its first flight.
  • 1967 – A Pennsylvania Railroad Budd Metroliner exceeds 155 mph on their New York Division, also present day Amtrak's Northeast Corridor.
  • 1968 – The Zodiac Killer kills Betty Lou Jenson and David Faraday in Vallejo, California.
  • 1971 – The international aid organization Doctors Without Borders is founded by Bernard Kouchner and a group of journalists in Paris, France.
  • 1973 – The Prime Minister of Spain, Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, is assassinated by a car bomb attack in Madrid.
  • 1984 – The Summit Tunnel fire, one of the largest transportation tunnel fires in history, burns after a freight train carrying over one million liters of gasoline derails near the town of Todmorden, England, in the Pennines.
  • 1985Pope John Paul II announces the institution of World Youth Day.
  • 1987 – In the worst peacetime sea disaster, the passenger ferry Doña Paz sinks after colliding with the oil tanker 'MT Vector in the Tablas Strait of the Philippines, killing an estimated 4,000 people (1,749 official).
  • 1989 – The United States invasion of Panama deposes Manuel Noriega.
  • 1991 – A Missouri court sentences the Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria to death for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina.
  • 1995NATO begins peacekeeping in Bosnia.
  • 1995 – American Airlines Flight 965, a Boeing 757, crashes into a mountain 50 km north of Cali, Colombia killing 159.
  • 1999Macau is handed over to China by Portugal.
  • 2004 – A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million worth of currency from the Donegall Square West headquarters of Northern Bank in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, one of the largest bank robberies in British history.
  • 2007Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years and 243 days.[5]
  • 2007 – The Portrait of Suzanne Bloch (1904), by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, and O Lavrador de Café by Brazilian modernist painter Cândido Portinari, are stolen from the São Paulo Museum of Art.
  • 2019 – The United States Space Force becomes the first new branch of the United States Armed Forces since 1947.[6]

Births[]

  • 1494Oronce Finé, French mathematician and cartographer (d. 1555)
  • 1496Joseph ha-Kohen, historian and physician (d. 1575)
  • 1537John III, king of Sweden (d. 1592)[7]
  • 1576John Sarkander, Moravian priest and saint (d. 1620)
  • 1626Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff, German scholar and politician (d. 1692)
  • 1629Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter (d. 1684)[8]
  • 1641Urban Hjärne, Swedish chemist, geologist, and physician (d. 1724)
  • 1740Arthur Lee, American physician and diplomat (d. 1792)
  • 1786Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (d. 1853)
  • 1792Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, French painter and educator (d. 1845)
  • 1806Martín Carrera, Mexican general and president (1855) (d. 1871)[9]
  • 1812Laura M. Hawley Thurston, American poet and educator (d. 1842)[10]
  • 1838Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian, author, and educator (d. 1926)
  • 1841Ferdinand Buisson, French academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1932)
  • 1861Ferdinand Bonn, German actor (d. 1933)
  • 1861 – Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (d. 1926)
  • 1865Elsie de Wolfe, American actress and interior decorator (d. 1950)
  • 1868Harvey Samuel Firestone, American businessman, founded the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (d. 1938)
  • 1869Charley Grapewin, American actor (d. 1956)
  • 1871Henry Kimball Hadley, American composer and conductor (d. 1937)
  • 1873Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian, author, and academic (d. 1948)
  • 1873 – Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Turkish poet, academic, and politician (d. 1936)
  • 1881Branch Rickey, American baseball player and manager (d. 1965)
  • 1886Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, American tennis player and businessman (d. 1974)
  • 1888Yitzhak Baer, German-Israeli historian and academic (d. 1980)
  • 1888 – Fred Merkle, American baseball player and manager (d. 1958)
  • 1890Yvonne Arnaud, French pianist, actress and singer (d. 1958)
  • 1890 – Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
  • 1891Erik Almlöf, Swedish triple jumper (d. 1971)
  • 1894Robert Menzies, Australian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1978)
  • 1898Konstantinos Dovas, Greek general and politician, 156th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1973)
  • 1898 – Irene Dunne, American actress and singer (d. 1990)
  • 1899Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Welsh preacher and physician (d. 1981)
  • 1900Lissy Arna, German film actress (d. 1964)
  • 1901Robert J. Van de Graaff, American physicist and academic, invented the Van de Graaff generator (d. 1967)
  • 1902Prince George, Duke of Kent (d. 1942)
  • 1902 – Sidney Hook, American philosopher and author (d. 1989)
  • 1904Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1984)
  • 1904 – Yevgenia Ginzburg, Russian author (d. 1977)
  • 1905Bill O'Reilly, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (d. 1992)
  • 1907Paul Francis Webster, American soldier and songwriter (d. 1984)
  • 1908Dennis Morgan, American actor and singer (d. 1994)
  • 1909Vakkom Majeed, Indian journalist and politician (d. 2000)
  • 1911Hortense Calisher, American author (d. 2009)
  • 1914Harry F. Byrd Jr., American lieutenant, publisher, and politician (d. 2013)
  • 1915Aziz Nesin, Turkish author and poet (d. 1995)
  • 1916Michel Chartrand, Canadian trade union leader and activist (d. 2010)
  • 1917David Bohm, American-English physicist, neuropsychologist, and philosopher (d. 1992)
  • 1917 – Cahit Külebi, Turkish poet and author (d. 1997)
  • 1917 – Audrey Totter, American actress (d. 2013)
  • 1918Jean Marchand, Canadian trade union leader and politician, 43rd Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1988)
  • 1922George Roy Hill, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)
  • 1922 – Beverly Pepper, American sculptor and painter (d. 2020)
  • 1924Charlie Callas, American actor and comedian (d. 2011)
  • 1924 – Judy LaMarsh, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 42nd Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1980)
  • 1925Benito Lorenzi, Italian footballer (d. 2007)
  • 1926Geoffrey Howe, Welsh lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2015)
  • 1926 – Otto Graf Lambsdorff, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of Economics (d. 2009)
  • 1927Michael Beaumont, 22nd Seigneur of Sark, English engineer and politician (d. 2016)
  • 1927 – Jim Simpson, American sportscaster (d. 2016)
  • 1927 – Kim Young-sam, South Korean soldier and politician, 7th President of South Korea (d. 2015)
  • 1931Mala Powers, American actress (d. 2007)
  • 1932John Hillerman, American actor (d. 2017)
  • 1933Jean Carnahan, American author and politician
  • 1933 – Olavi Salonen, Finnish runner
  • 1933 – Rik Van Looy, Belgian cyclist
  • 1935Khalid Ibadulla, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster
  • 1939Kathryn Joosten, American actress (d. 2012)
  • 1939 – Kim Weston, American soul singer
  • 1940Pat Chapman, English chef and author, founded The Curry Club
  • 1942Rana Bhagwandas, Pakistani lawyer and judge, Chief Justice of Pakistan (d. 2015)
  • 1942 – Bob Hayes, American sprinter and football player (d. 2002)
  • 1942 – Michael P. Johnson, American sociologist
  • 1942 – Jean-Claude Trichet, French banker and economist
  • 1944Bobby Colomby, American drummer and producer
  • 1944 – Ray Martin, Australian television host and journalist
  • 1945Peter Criss, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
  • 1945 – Sivakant Tiwari, Indian-Singaporean lawyer and author (d. 2010)
  • 1946Uri Geller, Israeli-English magician and psychic
  • 1946 – Lloyd Mumphord, American football player
  • 1946 – Sonny Perdue, American captain and politician, 81st Governor of Georgia
  • 1946 – Dick Wolf, American director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1947Gigliola Cinquetti, Italian singer-songwriter
  • 1948Alan Parsons, English keyboard player and producer
  • 1948 – Carol Smart, English sociologist and academic
  • 1948 – Mitsuko Uchida, Japanese-British pianist
  • 1949Soumaïla Cissé, Malian engineer and politician
  • 1950Arturo Márquez, Mexican-American composer
  • 1951Nuala O'Loan, Baroness O'Loan, Northern Irish academic and police ombudsman
  • 1951 – Marta Russell, American author and activist (d. 2013)
  • 1952Jenny Agutter, English actress
  • 1954Michael Badalucco, American actor
  • 1954 – Sandra Cisneros, American author and poet
  • 1955David Breashears, American mountaineer, director, and producer
  • 1955 – Binali Yıldırım, Turkish lawyer and politician, Turkish Minister of Transport
  • 1955 – Martin Schulz, German politician
  • 1956Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Mauritanian general and politician, President of Mauritania
  • 1956 – Guy Babylon, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2009)
  • 1956 – Blanche Baker, American actress and screenwriter
  • 1956 – Junji Hirata, Japanese wrestler
  • 1956 – Andrew Mackenzie, Scottish geologist and businessman
  • 1956 – Anita Ward, American disco/R&B singer
  • 1957Billy Bragg, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1957 – Anna Vissi, Cypriot singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1957 – Mike Watt, American singer-songwriter and bass player
  • 1958Doug Nordquist, American high jumper
  • 1958 – James Thomson, American biologist and academic
  • 1959George Coupland, Scottish scientist
  • 1959 – Hildegard Körner, German runner
  • 1959 – Jackie Fox, American bass player
  • 1959 – Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Polish physicist and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Poland
  • 1959 – Trent Tucker, American basketball player and sportscaster
  • 1960Nalo Hopkinson, Jamaican-Canadian author and educator
  • 1960 – Kim Ki-duk, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1961Mohammad Fouad, Egyptian singer-songwriter and actor
  • 1961 – Mike Keneally, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1961 – Freddie Spencer, American motorcycle racer
  • 1964Mark Coleman, American mixed martial artist and wrestler
  • 1965Robert Cavanah, Scottish actor and director
  • 1965 – Rich Gannon, American football player and sportscaster
  • 1966Matt Neal, English racing driver
  • 1966 – Veronica Pershina, Russian-American figure skater and coach
  • 1966 – Chris Robinson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1968Joe Cornish, English actor, director, and screenwriter
  • 1968 – Karl Wendlinger, Austrian racing driver
  • 1969Alain de Botton, Swiss-English philosopher and author
  • 1969 – Zahra Ouaziz, Moroccan runner
  • 1969 – Bobby Phills, American basketball player (d. 2000)
  • 1970Grant Flower, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
  • 1970 – Alister McRae, Scottish racing driver
  • 1970 – Jörg Schmidt, German footballer
  • 1971Roger J. Beaujard, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
  • 1972Anders Odden, Norwegian guitarist, songwriter, and producer
  • 1972 – Anja Rücker, German sprinter
  • 1972 – Gen Urobuchi, Japanese writer
  • 1973Maarja Kangro, Estonian author and poet
  • 1973 – David Nedohin, Canadian curler and sportscaster
  • 1973 – Cory Stillman, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1974Die, Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and producer
  • 1974 – Paul Linger, English footballer
  • 1974 – Jacqui Oatley, British sports presenter
  • 1975Bartosz Bosacki, Polish footballer
  • 1976Nenad Vučković, Croatian footballer
  • 1978Andrei Markov, Russian-Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1978 – Geremi Njitap, Cameroon footballer
  • 1978 – Bouabdellah Tahri, French runner
  • 1978 – Yoon Kye-sang, South Korean singer
  • 1979David DeJesus, American baseball player
  • 1979 – Michael Rogers, Australian cyclist
  • 1979 – Ramón Rodríguez, Puerto Rican-American actor and dancer
  • 1980Israel Castro, Mexican footballer
  • 1980 – Ashley Cole, English footballer
  • 1980 – Anthony da Silva, French-Portuguese footballer
  • 1980 – Martín Demichelis, Argentinian footballer
  • 1980 – Fitz Hall, English footballer
  • 1981Royal Ivey, American basketball player
  • 1981 – Darya Pchelnik, Belarusian hammer thrower
  • 1981 – James Shields, American baseball player
  • 1982Mohammad Asif, Pakistani cricketer
  • 1982 – David Cook, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1982 – Kasper Klausen, Danish footballer
  • 1982 – David Wright, American baseball player
  • 1983Jonah Hill, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1983 – Darren Sammy, Saint Lucian cricketer
  • 1984Nikolaos Karabelas, Greek footballer
  • 1990JoJo, American singer and actress[11]
  • 1991Rachael Boyle, Scottish footballer[12]
  • 1991 – Jillian Rose Reed, American actress
  • 1991 – Fabian Schär, Swiss footballer
  • 1991 – Jorginho, Brazilian footballer[13]
  • 1992Ksenia Makarova, Russian-American figure skater
  • 1993Robeisy Ramírez, Cuban boxer
  • 1997De'Aaron Fox, American basketball player[14]
  • 1997 – Suzuka Nakamoto, Japanese singer

Deaths[]

  • 217Zephyrinus, pope of the Catholic Church
  • 910Alfonso III, king of Asturias
  • 977Fujiwara no Kanemichi, Japanese statesman (b. 925)
  • 1295Margaret of Provence, French queen (b. 1221)
  • 1326Peter of Moscow, Russian metropolitan bishop
  • 1340John I, duke of Bavaria (b. 1329)
  • 1355Stefan Dušan, emperor of Serbia (b. 1308)
  • 1539Johannes Lupi, Flemish composer (b. 1506)
  • 1552Katharina von Bora, wife of Martin Luther (b. 1499)
  • 1590Ambroise Paré, French physician and surgeon (b. 1510)
  • 1658Jean Jannon, French designer and typefounder (b. 1580)
  • 1722Kangxi, emperor of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1654)
  • 1723Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, German physician and botanist (b. 1652)
  • 1740Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon, English field marshal and politician, Governor of Portsmouth (b. 1675)
  • 1765Louis, dauphin of France (b. 1729)
  • 1768Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, Italian poet and academic (b. 1692)
  • 1783Antonio Soler, Spanish priest and composer (b. 1729)
  • 1812Sacagawea, American explorer (b. 1788)
  • 1820John Bell, American farmer (b. 1750)
  • 1856Francesco Bentivegna, Italian activist (b. 1820)
  • 1862Robert Knox, Scottish surgeon and zoologist (b. 1791)
  • 1880Gaspar Tochman, Polish-American colonel and lawyer (b. 1797)
  • 1893George C. Magoun, American businessman (b. 1840)
  • 1915Upendrakishore Ray, Indian painter and composer (b. 1863)
  • 1916Arthur Morgan, Australian politician, 16th Premier of Queensland (b. 1856)
  • 1917Lucien Petit-Breton, French-Argentinian cyclist (b. 1882)
  • 1919Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1835)
  • 1920Linton Hope, English sailor and architect (b. 1863)
  • 1921Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist (b. 1852)[15]
  • 1927Frederick Semple, American golfer and tennis player (b. 1872)
  • 1929Émile Loubet, French lawyer and politician, 8th President of France (b. 1838)
  • 1935Martin O'Meara, Irish-Australian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1882)
  • 1937Erich Ludendorff, German general (b. 1865)
  • 1938Annie Armstrong, American missionary (b. 1850)
  • 1938 – Matilda Howell, American archer (b. 1859)
  • 1939Hans Langsdorff, German captain (b. 1894)
  • 1941Igor Severyanin, Russian-Estonian poet and author (b. 1887)
  • 1950Enrico Mizzi, Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1885)
  • 1954James Hilton, English-American author and screenwriter (b. 1900)
  • 1956Ramón Carrillo, Argentinian neurologist and physician (b. 1906)
  • 1959Juhan Simm, Estonian composer and conductor (b. 1885)
  • 1961Moss Hart, American director and playwright (b. 1904)
  • 1961 – Earle Page, Australian soldier and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1880)
  • 1968John Steinbeck, American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
  • 1971Roy O. Disney, American banker and businessman, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (b. 1893)
  • 1972Adolfo Orsi, Italian businessman (b. 1888)
  • 1973Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish admiral and politician, 69th President of the Government of Spain (b. 1904; assassinated)[16]
  • 1973 – Bobby Darin, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1936)
  • 1974R. A. Bevan, English advertiser (b. 1901)
  • 1974 – Rajani Palme Dutt, English journalist and politician (b. 1896)
  • 1974 – André Jolivet, French guitarist and composer (b. 1905)
  • 1976Richard J. Daley, American lawyer and politician, 48th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1902)
  • 1981Dimitris Rontiris, Greek actor and director (b. 1899)
  • 1982Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-American pianist and composer (b. 1887)
  • 1984Stanley Milgram, American psychologist and academic (b. 1933)
  • 1984 – Dmitry Ustinov, Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union (1976-84) (b. 1908)[17]
  • 1986Joe DeSa, American baseball player (b. 1959)
  • 1991Simone Beck, French chef and author (b. 1904)[18]
  • 1991 – Sam Rabin, English wrestler, singer, and sculptor (b. 1903)
  • 1991 – Albert Van Vlierberghe, Belgian cyclist (b. 1942)
  • 1993W. Edwards Deming, American statistician, author, and academic (b. 1900)
  • 1993 – Nazife Güran, Turkish composer and educator (b. 1921)
  • 1994Dean Rusk, American lawyer, and politician, 54th United States Secretary of State (b. 1909)
  • 1995Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (b. 1938)
  • 1996Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist (b. 1934)[19]
  • 1997Denise Levertov, English-American poet and translator (b. 1923)
  • 1997 – Dick Spooner, English cricketer (b. 1919)
  • 1997 – Dawn Steel, American film producer (b. 1946)
  • 1998Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
  • 1999Riccardo Freda, Egyptian-Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1909)
  • 1999 – Hank Snow, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1914)
  • 2001Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician, 1st President of Senegal (b. 1906)
  • 2005Raoul Bott, Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1923)
  • 2006Anne Rogers Clark, American dog breeder and trainer (b. 1929)
  • 2008Adrian Mitchell, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)
  • 2008 – Robert Mulligan, American director and producer (b. 1925)
  • 2008 – Igor Troubetzkoy, Russian aristocrat and racing driver (b. 1912)
  • 2009Brittany Murphy, American actress (b. 1977)
  • 2009 – Arnold Stang, American actor (b. 1918)
  • 2010James Robert Mann, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1920)
  • 2010 – K. P. Ratnam, Sri Lankan academic and politician (b. 1914)
  • 2011Barry Reckord, Jamaican playwright and screenwriter (b. 1926)
  • 2012Stan Charlton, English footballer and manager (b. 1929)
  • 2012 – Robert Juniper, Australian painter and sculptor (b. 1929)
  • 2012 – Victor Merzhanov, Russian pianist and educator (b. 1919)
  • 2013Pyotr Bolotnikov, Russian runner (b. 1930)
  • 2014Per-Ingvar Brånemark, Swedish surgeon and academic (b. 1929)
  • 2014 – John Freeman, English lawyer, politician, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances[]

  • Abolition of Slavery Day, also known as Fête des Cafres (Réunion, French Guiana)
  • Bo Aung Kyaw Day (Myanmar)
  • Christian feast day:
    • Dominic of Silos
    • O Clavis
    • Ursicinus of Saint-Ursanne
    • Katharina von Bora (Lutheran)
    • December 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Earliest date for Winter solstice's eve (Northern Hemisphere), and its related observances:
  • International Human Solidarity Day (International)
  • Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (Macau)

References[]

  1. Alexander Fraser Tytler (lord Woodhouselee.) (1858). Elements of general history. Ed. by B. Turner. p. 210.
  2. Chronicle Books (1 March 1993). Chronicle of the Royal Family. Chronicle Communications. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-872031-20-0.
  3. Peter Partner (1972). The Lands of St. Peter: The Papal State in the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance. University of California Press. p. 327. ISBN 978-0-520-02181-5.
  4. "Adolph Hitler Leaving Landsberg Prison". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  5. Witchell, Nicholas (8 September 2015). "The Queen: A constant amid gale-force changes". BBC News. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  6. Ryan Browne (December 20, 2019). "With a signature, Trump brings Space Force into being". CNN.
  7. "Nordisk familjebok". Project Runeberg. p. 1432. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  8. Haldane Macfall (1973). A History of Painting: The Dutch genius. Dana Estes and Co. p. 178.
  9. "MARTÍN CARRERA" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  10. Frisbee, Edward Selah (1926). The Frisbee-Frisbie genealogy: Edward Frisbye of Branford, Connicticut, and his descendants, with appendix containing brief lineages of Fiskes, Haskells, Mabies and Parkes, and bibliography. The Tuttle Company. p. 188.
  11. Roth, Madeline (December 20, 2018). "JoJo Just Rerecorded 'Leave (Get Out)' and 'Baby It's You' for Our Nostalgic Thrill". MTV.com. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  12. "Rachael Boyle - Player Profile - Football". Eurosport UK. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  13. "Jorginho". Chelsea F.C. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  14. "De'Aaron Fox". NBA.com. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  15. "Julius Richard Petri, inventor of the Petri dish, celebrated in Google Doodle". The Telegraph. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  16. Julen Agirre, translated by Barbara Probst Solomon (1975). Operation Ogro: The Execution of Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco. Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Company. ISBN 0-8129-0552-0.
  17. New York Times, December 22, 1994, pg. A1
  18. "Simone Beck, a Cook, Dies at 87; Co-Wrote Book With Julia Child". New York Times. 21 December 1996. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  19. "Carl Sagan, an Astronomer Who Excelled at Popularizing Science, Is Dead at 62". New York Times. 21 December 1996. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

External links[]


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