Bolivian Americans

Bolivian Americans
Bolivio Americanos

File:Bolivian-American Dancers, Capitol Hill 4th of July Parade (5902108958).jpg Bolivian American dancers at a 4th of July parade
Total population
116,646 (2018) 0.04% of the U.S. population (2018)
Regions with significant populations
Washington Metropolitan Area Miami-Dade County Los Angeles Queens, NY Providence, RI
Languages
American English Spanish Aymara and Quechua
Religion
Predominantly Roman Catholic, Protestant, Mennonite, Atheist, Non religious
Related ethnic groups
Spanish Americans, Latin Americans, Hispanic Americans, Latinos, Paraguayan Americans, Argentine Americans, Peruvian Americans, Brazilian Americans

Bolivian Americans or Bolivia-Americans (Spanish: bolivio-americanos, norteamericanos de origen boliviano or estadounidenses de origen boliviano) are Americans of at least partial Bolivian descent. In Bolivia sometimes referred to colloquially as "gringo bolivianos" or "yanqui llocallas".

Bolivian Americans are usually those of Indigenous, Mestizo, or Spanish background but also occasionally having African, German, Croatian, Lebanese and/or Japanese heritage.

Bolivians compose the third smallest Latin American group in the United States, with a 2010 Census population of 99,210. The highest concentration resides in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area, which accounts for 38% of the total Bolivian population in the United States (especially Fairfax County, Virginia). Additional areas of concentration include the New York City borough of Queens, Miami-Dade County, and the cities of Los Angeles and Providence, Rhode Island. In relative terms, a large number of Bolivian-born medical doctors reside in the Chicago metropolitan area.

History

File:Westlake Theatre-1.jpg

Westlake Theatre building, side wall mural of Jaime Escalante and Edward James Olmos.

Bolivian immigration into the United States occurred in two significant phases. The first phase occurred during and subsequent to the 1952 National Revolution (between 1952 and the latter 1960s). Most of these immigrants consisted of middle- to upper-middle income occupational professionals or political dissidents, belonging mainly to Bolivia's European descendant community.

The second notable phase of Bolivian immigration (between 1980 and 1988) was a result of Bolivia's fiscal policies in the 1970s which gave way to the hyperinflation throughout most of the 1980s. Most of these immigrants consisted of lower-income Mestizo (European/Amerindian mix) and Indigenous Bolivians obtaining work posts as service and manual laborers. Most of the Bolivian American population is of Quechua descent, with the majority of them hailing from the Valle Alto region of Cochabamba, from towns like Tarata, Arbieto, Cliza, Punata, and Tolata, with most of them living in the D.C. area.

Many Bolivians who emigrated to the United States came as tourists. However, many remained of indefinite way in the country, setting with family and friends. This made it difficult to know the number of Bolivians living in the United States. Between 1984 and 1993, only 4,574 Bolivians got U.S. citizenship. In this period about 457 were naturalized each year.

Demographics

File:RaquelWelchApr2010(2).jpg

Actress and singer Raquel Welch.

Bolivians have settled throughout the United States, mainly in Washington D.C., California and Maryland; there are also large groups of Bolivian immigrants in Texas, New York City, New Jersey, South Florida, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Chicago, home to a community of Bolivian medical doctors and their families, most of whom originally from Cochabamba. The number of Bolivians in the U.S. in 2006 was estimated at 82,322. Most Bolivian immigrants are high school or college graduates; many work in companies or in government.

Areas

File:Luzmary's Bolivian restaurant.jpg

A Bolivian restaurant in Falls Church, Virginia

The largest populations of Bolivians are situated in the following areas (Source: Census 2010):

1. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA – 37,607
2. New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA – 9,749
3. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA – 7,068
4. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA – 6,697
5. Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA – 2,359
6. Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA – 2,099
7. San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA MSA – 2,078
8. Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA MSA – 1,970
9. Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA – 1,223
10. Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH MSA – 1,170
11. Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA – 1,114
12. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA – 898
13. San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA MSA and Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA – 808
14. Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA – 744
15. Baltimore-Towson, MD MSA – 710
16. Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA – 647
17. Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA MSA – 558
18. Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA – 524
19. Salt Lake City, UT MSA – 519
20. Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA – 502

Immigrants by County 2015-2019

Total immigrant population from Bolivia in the U.S.: 78,900

Top Counties:

1) Fairfax County, VA ---------------------------- 13,000

2) Miami-Dade County, FL --------------------- 4,000

3) Los Angeles County, CA -------------------- 3,600

4) Arlington County, VA -------------------------- 3,600

5) Montgomery County, MD ------------------- 3,500

6) Prince William County, VA ------------------ 3,300

7) Queens Borough, NY -------------------------- 1,800

8) Orange County, CA ----------------------------- 1,800

9) Loudoun County, VA --------------------------- 1,800

10) Providence County, RI ---------------------- 1,700

11) Harris County, TX ----------------------------- 1,600

12) Collier County, FL ----------------------------- 1,500

13) Broward County, FL -------------------------- 1,400

14) Alexandria City, VA --------------------------- 1,300

15) Cook County, IL -------------------------------- 1,100

Notable people

• Juan Fernando Bastos – Bolivian born, American portrait artist
• Javier Calderon - Bolivian born, classical guitarist and University professor
• F. Xavier Castellanos - pediatric neuroscientist and medical doctor (Born Spain of Bolivian parents)
• Marcelo Claure – CEO of SoftBank Group, and Brightstar Corporation (Born Brazil of Bolivian parents)
• Liliana Colanzi — Professor of comparative literature, fiction writer known for environmentalist science fiction
• Elysia Crampton, musician of Bolivian Aymara descent
• Windsor del Llano – soccer player
• Jaime Escalante – educator
• Marco Etcheverry – soccer player, U.S. Soccer Hall of Fame
• Pato Hoffmann - movie and TV actor, advocate for American Indians
• Markita del Carpio Landry - chemical engineer, university professor, researcher on nano materials for brain imaging and agriculture (Bolivian mother, French-Canadian father)
• Jaime Laredo – Grammy Award-winning musician, violinist, conductor
• Jaime Moreno – soccer player, U.S. Soccer Hall of Fame
• Jaime Mendoza-Nava – composer of Hollywood sound tracks and symphony conductor
• Ben Mikaelsen – writer of children's literature
• Mohammed Mostajo-Radji - Bolivian born, neuroscientist, science educator, diplomat
• Cecilia Muñoz – public servant
• Milenka Peña – journalist, TV personality
• Josh Reaves – professional basketball player for Dallas Mavericks of the NBA (mother Bolivian)
• Vicente Sarmiento - economist, lawyer, politician
• Carlos Scott – retired Bolivian-American soccer midfielder
• James T. Slater – singer/songwriter
• Leo Spitzer - college professor, historian, author
• Chris Syler – singer/songwriter
• Alberto Torrico – member of the California Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board
• Raquel Welch – actress, author (father Bolivian)
• Martin Amini – Comedian (mother Bolivian)

See also

• Bolivia–United States relations

Further reading

• Eigo, Tim. "Bolivian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 319–329. online
• Paz-Soldan, Edmundo. “Obsessive Signs of Identity: Bolivians in the United States.” In The Other Latinos, ed. José Luis Falconi and José Antonio Mazzoti. (Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard, 2008).
• Vargas Caro, Michaela. "5 Bolivian American Creatives You Need to Know." REMEZCLA Media Company, edited by Stephany Torres online
• Eckels, Charlene and Aliaga, Anneli. "EXPLORING CULTURAL IDENTITIES / EXPLORANDO IDENTIDADES CULTURALES " Bolivian Express Media,
• Vargas Caro, Michaela. "‘Functional & Beautiful’ Lips Bolivianita Gloss" REMEZCLA Media Company, edited by Stephany Torres online
• Cavero, Raleigh, "Our Latino Heritage: Why Chicago Became Home to Many Bolivian Doctors" NBC News Latino Reports |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/our-latino-heritage-why-chicago-became-home-many-bolivian-doctors-n554886