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Blackstar (album)

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★[1] (pronounced and stylised as Blackstar) is the twenty-fifth and final studio album by the English musician David Bowie. It was released worldwide through ISO, RCA, Columbia, and Sony on 8 January 2016, coinciding with Bowie's 69th birthday. The album was largely recorded in secret between The Magic Shop and Human Worldwide Studios in New York City with Bowie's longtime co-producer Tony Visconti and a group of local jazz musicians.[2][3]

Two days after its release, Bowie died of liver cancer; his illness had not been revealed to the public until then. Co-producer Visconti described the album as Bowie's intended swan song and a "parting gift" for his fans before his death.[4] Upon release, the album was met with critical acclaim and commercial success, topping charts in a number of countries in the wake of Bowie's death, and becoming Bowie's only album to top the Billboard 200 in the United States.[5] The album remained at the number-one position in the UK charts for three weeks.[6]

At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, the album won awards for Best Alternative Music Album; Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical; Best Recording Package, and the title single won Best Rock Performance, and Best Rock Song.[7] The album was also awarded the British Album of the Year award at the 2017 Brit Awards, and Metacritic named it the most critically acclaimed album of the year by music publications.[8]

Background and recording[]

Bowie recorded Blackstar while suffering from liver cancer; his illness was not made public until he died, two days after the album's release.[9] Like Bowie's previous album The Next Day, recording took place in secret at the Magic Shop[10] and Human Worldwide Studios in New York City.[11] Bowie began writing and making demos for songs that appear on Blackstar as soon as sessions for The Next Day concluded. He recruited a local New York jazz combo led by Donny McCaslin as the backing band for the sessions.[12]

Two songs that appear on Blackstar, "Sue (Or in a Season of Crime)" and "'Tis a Pity She Was a Whore", had been previously released, but were rerecorded for Blackstar, including new saxophone parts played on the latter song by McCaslin (replacing parts Bowie played on the original release).[13] The title of the latter derives from the title 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, a play by John Ford, an English dramatist of the 17th century.[14] McCaslin and the rest of the jazz group recorded their parts in the studio over a period of about one week a month from January to March 2015, and were reportedly unaware of Bowie's declining health – according to McCaslin, the band worked with Bowie "essentially from 11 to 4 every day", while bassist Tim Lefebvre stated that "it never looked to us like he was sick".[15] The song "Lazarus" was included in Bowie's Off-Broadway musical of the same name.[16]

Composition and influences[]

According to producer Tony Visconti, he and Bowie deliberately attempted "to avoid rock'n’roll"[17] while making the album, and they had been listening to rapper Kendrick Lamar's 2015 album To Pimp a Butterfly during the recording sessions and cited it as an influence. Electronic duo Boards of Canada and experimental hip hop trio Death Grips have also been cited as influences.[17][18] The music on Blackstar has been characterised as incorporating art rock,[19][20] jazz,[21] and experimental rock,[22] as well as elements from industrial rock, folk-pop and hip hop.[23] The saxophone was the first instrument Bowie learned, and he was an avid jazz listener in his youth.[24][25][26] The album's title track incorporates nu jazz,[27] while progressing through a drum and bass-style rhythm, an acid house-inspired portion of the instrumental, a saxophone solo, and a lower-tempo blues-like section.[28][29] Andy Greene of Rolling Stone said that the re-recording of "'Tis a Pity She Was a Whore" was "powered by a hip hop beat and free-form sax."[14] "Dollar Days", the album's sixth track, was created without a preliminary demo being made for the song. McCaslin later stated that Bowie one day "just picked up a guitar ... he had this little idea, and we just learned it right there in the studio."[14] In "I Can't Give Everything Away", the final track, Bowie plays a harmonica solo similar to one from his 1977 instrumental track "A New Career in a New Town" off his album Low (1977).[30]

Billboard and CNN wrote that Bowie's lyrics seem to address his impending death,[31][32] with CNN noting that the album "reveals a man who appears to be grappling with his own mortality".[31] "Lazarus", the third track on the album, was notable for the lines "Look up here, I'm in heaven / I've got scars that can't be seen"; this specific part of the lyrics appeared in many publications following Bowie's death on 10 January.[33] "I Can't Give Everything Away" contains the line "Seeing more and feeling less / Saying no but meaning yes / This is all I ever meant / That's the message that I sent", which led Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph to think of the song as a point where "Bowie sounds like he is grappling with his own mystery."[34] "Girl Loves Me", the album's fifth track, was notable for its inclusion of Nadsat, a fictional language created by Anthony Burgess for his 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange, where it was used very often.[35] It also included Polari, a type of slang used commonly in England by homosexual men during the mid-20th century.[14]

Release and packaging[]

The title track was released as the album's lead single on 19 November 2015[36] and was used as the opening music for the television series The Last Panthers.[37] "Lazarus" was released on 17 December 2015 as a digital download, and received its world premiere on BBC Radio 6 Music's Steve Lamacq Show the same day.[38] The album was released on 8 January 2016, coinciding with Bowie's 69th birthday.[39][40][41]

The artwork for Blackstar was designed by Jonathan Barnbrook, who had designed the artwork for Bowie's Heathen, Reality and The Next Day. The star image on the cover is credited to NASA in the CD booklet. The five star segments below the main star form the word BOWIE in stylised letters.[42] The vinyl cover, in black, features the star as a cutout section, revealing the record (with an all-black picture label) beneath it. With the record removed, the black paper behind the cut-out star reveals a hidden picture of a starfield when the foldout sleeve is held up to a light source. It took more than four months before fans first discovered the effect. The designer claimed there were many other surprises hidden in the LP's artwork.[43][44]Music journalists also noted that a "black star lesion," usually found inside a breast, suggests to medical practitioners evidence of certain types of cancer.[45][46]

Blackstar sold 146,000 copies in its first week on sale in the United Kingdom[47] (a week which saw four other Bowie albums in the Top 10 and a further seven in the Top 40, the latter equalling Elvis Presley's chart record).[48] and more than 181,000 in the United States.[49] Within days of the album's release, online retailer Amazon.com temporarily sold out of both the CD and LP editions of the album.[50] In the week 11–17 January, Blackstar was the most downloaded album in 25 iTunes national charts.[51]

Bowie was the biggest-selling vinyl artist of 2016 in the UK, with five albums in the vinyl Top 30, including Blackstar as the number-one selling vinyl album of the year. It sold twice as many copies as the previous year's winner, Adele's 25.[52]

Critical reception[]

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
AnyDecentMusic?8.4/10[53]
Metacritic87/100[54]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic4/5 starsStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svg[55]
The A.V. ClubA−[56]
The Daily Telegraph5/5 starsStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg[34]
Entertainment WeeklyA−[57]
The Guardian4/5 starsStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svg[12]
The Independent4/5 starsStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svg[58]
NME4/5[59]
Pitchfork8.5/10[60]
Rolling Stone4/5 starsStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svg[61]
Spin7/10[62]

Blackstar received widespread universal acclaim from music critics and fans. At Metacritic, the album received an average score of 87, which indicates "universal acclaim", based on 43 reviews.[54] Rolling Stone critic David Fricke called Blackstar "a ricochet of textural eccentricity and pictorial-shrapnel writing".[61] Andy Gill of The Independent regarded the record as "the most extreme album of [Bowie's] entire career", stating that "Blackstar is as far as he's strayed from pop."[58] Jon Pareles of The New York Times described the album as "at once emotive and cryptic, structured and spontaneous and, above all, willful, refusing to cater to the expectations of radio stations or fans".[63] The Daily Telegraph's Neil McCormick hailed Blackstar as an "extraordinary" album which "suggests that, like a modern day Lazarus of pop, Bowie is well and truly back from beyond."[34] In a favourable review for Exclaim!, Michael Rancic wrote that Blackstar is "a defining statement from someone who isn't interested in living in the past, but rather, for the first time in a while, waiting for everyone else to catch up".[64]

Reviewing for Q magazine, Tom Doyle wrote, "Blackstar is a more concise statement than The Next Day and a far, far more intriguing one."[20] NME critic Sam Richards stated that Bowie had maintained his "formidable record of reinventing himself" on a "busy, bewildering and occasionally beautiful record", adding that "one of the few certainties we can take from this restless, relentlessly intriguing album is that David Bowie is positively allergic to the idea of heritage rock."[59] Chris Gerard of PopMatters called the album "singular in its unique sound and vibe," describing it as "trippy and majestic head-music spun from moonage daydreams and made for gliding in and out of life."[65] Pitchfork's review of Blackstar, written by Ryan Dombal, was published on the day of the album's release, two days before Bowie's death, and concluded: "This tortured immortality is no gimmick: Bowie will live on long after the man has died. For now, though, he's making the most of his latest reawakening, adding to the myth while the myth is his to hold."[60] Writing for The A.V. Club, which chose it as the best album of 2016, Sean O'Neal described Blackstar as "a sonically adventurous album that proves Bowie was always one step ahead—where he'll now remain in perpetuity."[66]

Accolades[]

The album was nominated for the "Top Rock Album" award at the 2016 Billboard Music Awards,[67] but lost out to Blurryface by Twenty One Pilots. At the end of 2016, Blackstar appeared on a number of critics' lists ranking the year's top albums. According to Metacritic, it was the most prominently ranked record of 2016.[68] At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, the album won awards for Best Alternative Music Album and Best Recording Package.[69]

Publication Accolade Year Rank Ref.
The A.V. Club 20 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Chicago Tribune Top Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Consequence of Sound Top 50 Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
The Independent Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Mojo The Best of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
The New York Times The Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Newsweek Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
NME NME's Albums of the Year 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Paste 50 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Pitchfork The 50 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Q Q's Top 50 Albums of the Year 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Rolling Stone 50 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Readers' Poll: 10 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
The Skinny Top 50 Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Stereogum The 50 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Uncut Top 75 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
Variance Magazine 50 Best Albums of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
The Village Voice Pazz & Jop Music Critics' Poll 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre
The Wire Top 50 Releases of 2016 2016 Template:Centre Template:Centre

Commercial performance[]

Blackstar was already on course to debut at number one on the UK Albums Chart prior to the announcement of Bowie's death on 11 January 2016, according to the Official Charts Company.[70] The album debuted at number one after selling 146,000 copies and became his tenth number one album in the UK.[71] The album remained three weeks at number one, falling at number 2 behind another Bowie album, the compilation Best of Bowie (2002), which became the first ever album to get to number one in the UK because of streaming.[6] As of February 2017, it has sold 421,665 copies there.[72]

In the US, the album debuted at number one with 181,000 sales. It marked becoming Bowie's first number one in that country and best weekly sales figure.[5][73] It was the 14th best-selling album in the US in 2016, with 448,000 copies sold that year.[74]

The album also peaked at number one in 24 countries, number 2 in Greece, Mexico, South Korea and Taiwan, number 4 in Hungary and 5 in Japan. As of 2017, the album has sold nearly 2 million copies.[75]

Track listing[]

All tracks are written by David Bowie, except where noted.

Blackstar – CD – vinyl – digital download
No.TitleLength
1."Blackstar"9:57
2."'Tis a Pity She Was a Whore"4:52
3."Lazarus"6:22
4."Sue (Or in a Season of Crime)" (Bowie, Maria Schneider, Paul Bateman, Bob Bharma)4:40
5."Girl Loves Me"4:51
6."Dollar Days"4:44
7."I Can't Give Everything Away"5:47
Total length:41:13
No.TitleLength

Personnel[]

Personnel adapted from Blackstar liner notes.[11]

Production

  • David Bowie – producer; mixing
  • Tony Visconti – producer; strings; engineer; mixing engineer
  • Kevin Killen – engineer
  • Erin Tonkon – assistant engineer
  • Kabir Hermon – assistant engineer
  • Joe Visciano – mixing assistant
  • Joe LaPorta – mastering engineer
  • Tom Elmhirst – mixing engineer

Chart performance[]

Certifications[]

Template:Certification Table Summary
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[124] Platinum 70,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[125] Platinum Expression error: Missing operand for *.*
Belgium (BEA)[126] Platinum Expression error: Missing operand for *.*
Canada (Music Canada)[127] Platinum 80,000^
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[128] Gold 10,000^
France (SNEP)[129] Platinum Expression error: Missing operand for *.File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png
Germany (BVMI)[130] Gold Expression error: Missing operand for *.File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png
Italy (FIMI)[131] Platinum 50,000*
New Zealand (RMNZ)[132] Gold 7,500^
Poland (ZPAV)[133] Gold Expression error: Missing operand for *.*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[134] Gold Expression error: Missing operand for *.File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png
United Kingdom (BPI)[135] Platinum 421,665[72]
United States (RIAA)[136] Gold 500,000File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png
Worldwide Template:Sdash 1,900,000[137]

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
File:Double-dagger-14-plain.pngsales+streaming figures based on certification alone

Release history[]

Region Date Format(s) Label Ref.
Europe 8 January 2016
  • CD
  • digital download
  • vinyl
[138]
United Kingdom
  • ISO
  • RCA
 [139][140][141]
United States
[142][143][144]

References[]

  1. ↑ ★ Blackstar – CD, David Bowie & Artist Arena, retrieved 26 May 2016, ★ (pronounced "Blackstar")
  2. ↑ King, Jimmy (24 October 2015). "David Bowie Confirms New Album Blackstar Coming in January". Pitchfork. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  3. ↑ "Details of David Bowie's 25th album 'Blackstar' revealed". NME. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  4. ↑ "David Bowie's last release, Lazarus, was 'parting gift' for fans in carefully planned finale". The Daily Telegraph. 11 January 2016.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 France-Presse, Agence (18 January 2016). "David Bowie finally tops US Billboard charts with Blackstar". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Myers, Justin (10 February 2016). "David Bowie sees off Sia to replace himself at Number 1". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  7. ↑ "Grammys 2017: Complete list of winners and nominees". Los Angeles Times. 12 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  8. ↑ http://www.metacritic.com/feature/critics-pick-top-10-best-albums-of-2016?ref=hp
  9. ↑ "David Bowie's last release, Lazarus, was 'parting gift' for fans in carefully planned finale". The Daily Telegraph. 11 January 2016.
  10. ↑ Holland, Eric (6 January 2016). "Producer Tony Visconti Talks David Bowie and Blackstar". Hollandude. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Blackstar (album liner notes). David Bowie. ISO Records. 2016.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Petridis, Alexis (7 January 2016). "David Bowie: Blackstar review – a spellbinding break with his past". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  13. ↑ Fusilli, Jim (5 January 2016). "'Blackstar' Review: Ziggy Stardust Plays Jazz". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Greene, Andy (23 November 2015). "The Inside Story of David Bowie's Stunning New Album, 'Blackstar'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  15. ↑ Coscarelli, Joe; Paulson, Michael (11 January 2016). "David Bowie Allowed His Art to Deliver a Final Message". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  16. ↑ "David Bowie's New Album BLACKSTAR, Featuring 'Lazarus' Track, Out Today". Broadway World. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "New David Bowie album, inspired by Kendrick Lamar, features LCD's James Murphy". The Guardian. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  18. ↑ "David Bowie's new album 'Blackstar' inspired by rap group Death Grips". NME.
  19. ↑ Kinos-Goodin, Jesse (11 January 2016). "David Bowie gains immortality with Lazarus, the boldest character of his career". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 1 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Doyle, Tom (January 2016). "David Bowie: ★". Q (354).
  21. ↑ The following references cite the album as jazz:
  22. ↑ Rayner, Ben (8 January 2016). "David Bowie's Blackstar a nearly perfect goodbye: review". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  23. ↑ Richards, Sam (8 January 2016). "David Bowie – 'Blackstar' Review: The NME Verdict". NME. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  24. ↑ "David Bowie: Verbatim". BBC Radio 4.
  25. ↑ Tim Jonze. "Was David Bowie saying goodbye on Blackstar?". The Guardian.
  26. ↑ "How David Bowie told us he was dying in the 'Lazarus' video". NME.
  27. ↑ Young, Alex (19 November 2015). "David Bowie premieres new single "★" along with an epic short film – watch". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  28. ↑ McCormick, Neil (20 November 2015). "David Bowie's new song, Blackstar, review: 'Major Tom is dead. Bowie lives'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  29. ↑ Petridis, Alexis (20 November 2015). "David Bowie's Blackstar video: a gift of sound and vision or all-time low?". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  30. ↑ Rogers, Jude (21 January 2016). "The final mysteries of David Bowie's Blackstar—Elvis, Crowley and 'the villa of Ormen'". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Griggs, Brandon. "David Bowie's haunting final album hints at death". CNN. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  32. ↑ Payne, Chris. "David Bowie's Final Album 'Blackstar' & 'Lazarus' Video Were Goodbye Notes". Billboard. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  33. ↑ "David Bowie death dominates newspaper headlines". BBC News. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 McCormick, Neil (8 January 2016). "David Bowie, Blackstar, review: 'extraordinary'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  35. ↑ Greenman, Kyle (9 January 2016). "The Beautiful Meaninglessness of David Bowie". The New Yorker. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  36. ↑ "Amazon.com: Blackstar: David Bowie: MP3 Downloads". Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  37. ↑ "David Bowie: 7 Things We Already Know About His 2016 Album 'Blackstar'". NME. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  38. ↑ "David Bowie launches trailer of new single Lazarus". The Guardian. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  39. ↑ "David Bowie announces new album Blackstar for January release". BBC News. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  40. ↑ "David Bowie confirms 25th album will be released in January 2016". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  41. ↑ "Watch ★ video teaser online now". Davidbowie.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ↑ "Bowie, Barnbrook and the ★ artwork". Creative Review. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  43. ↑ Spice, Anton (5 May 2016). "How I discovered a secret in Bowie's Blackstar sleeve - and how you can too - The Vinyl Factory". The Vinyl Factory. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  44. ↑ Trendell, Andrew (16 November 2016). "Fans share more secrets from David Bowie's 'Blackstar' vinyl artwork". NME. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  45. ↑ Britton, Luke Morgan (13 January 2016). "Did David Bowie name 'Blackstar' album after his own cancer lesion?". NME. Time Inc. UK. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  46. ↑ Vincent, Alice (12 January 2016). "Was David Bowie's Blackstar named after a cancer lesion?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  47. ↑ Myers, Justin (29 January 2016). "David Bowie matches Elvis Presley's Official Albums Chart record". Official Charts. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  48. ↑ Copsey, Rob (15 January 2016). "How the loss of David Bowie impacted the UK charts this week". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Caulfield, Keith (17 January 2016). "David Bowie's 'Blackstar' Album Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  50. ↑ "Amazon Is Sold Out of Every David Bowie Album (And Accused of Price-Jacking)". Fuse. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  51. ↑ "International Charts Analysis: Bowie's Blackstar dominates charts worldwide". Music Week.
  52. ↑ "BPI Official UK Recorded Music Market Report For 2016". 3 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  53. ↑ "Blackstar by David Bowie reviews". AnyDecentMusic?. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 "Reviews for Blackstar by David Bowie". Metacritic. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  55. ↑ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Blackstar – David Bowie". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  56. ↑ Vishnevetsky, Ignatiy (8 January 2016). "David Bowie goes noir with the intoxicating Blackstar". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  57. ↑ Greenblatt, Leah (8 January 2016). "David Bowie's Blackstar: EW review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Gill, Andy (22 December 2015). "David Bowie's Blackstar – exclusive first review: A Bowie desperate to break with the past". The Independent. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Richards, Sam (8 January 2016). "David Bowie – 'Blackstar' Review: The NME Verdict". NME. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Dombal, Ryan (7 January 2016). "David Bowie: Blackstar". Pitchfork. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Fricke, David (23 December 2015). "Blackstar". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  62. ↑ Soto, Alfred (6 January 2016). "Review: David Bowie Remains the Original Starman on '★'". Spin. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  63. ↑ Pareles, Jon (7 January 2016). "Review: 'Blackstar,' David Bowie's Emotive and Cryptic New Album". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  64. ↑ Rancic, Michael (7 January 2016). "David Bowie – Blackstar". Exclaim!. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  65. ↑ Gerard, Chris (8 January 2016). "David Bowie: Blackstar". PopMatters. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  66. ↑ "The A.V. Club's 20 best albums of 2016". 12 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  67. ↑ French, Megan (26 July 2016). "David Bowie Receives Four Posthumous 2016 VMA Nominations". US Weekly. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  68. ↑ Dietz, Jason (28 November 2016). "Best of 2016: Music Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  69. ↑ "2017 Grammy Awards: Complete List of Nominees". Los Angeles Times. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  70. ↑ "David Bowie on course for tenth UK chart-topping album". ITV News.
  71. ↑ Foster, Patrick (15 January 2016). "David Bowie's final album soars to number one, as ten of the artist's records hit the top 40". The Daily Telegraph.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Myers, Justin (15 February 2017). "Who would win this year's BRIT Awards if they were decided on sales alone?". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
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  74. ↑ Grein, Paul (20 December 2016). "The Top-Selling Albums of 2016". Yahoo Music!.
  75. ↑ "Best Selling Albums of 2016". www.mediatraffic.de. 1 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  76. ↑ 76.00 76.01 76.02 76.03 76.04 76.05 76.06 76.07 76.08 76.09 76.10 "ultratop.be – David Bowie – ★ [Blackstar]". Hung Medien. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
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  78. ↑ "Top Stranih [Top Foreign]" (in Croatian). Top Foreign Albums. Hrvatska diskografska udruga. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
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  80. ↑ "David Bowie: Black Star" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  81. ↑ "Offizielle Deutsche Charts – Offizielle Deutsche Charts".
  82. ↑ "Top-75 Albums Sales Chart Week: 7/2016". IFPI Greece. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  83. ↑ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2016. 2. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  84. ↑ "GFK Chart-Track Albums: Week 2, 2016". Chart-Track. IRMA. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
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  89. ↑ "VG-lista – David Bowie / Blackstar".
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  96. ↑ January 2016/7502/ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  97. ↑ "David Bowie Chart History (Top Alternative Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  98. ↑ "David Bowie Chart History (Top Rock Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  99. ↑ "David Bowie Chart History (Top Tastemaker Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  100. ↑ "CAPIF Rankings Mensual" (in Spanish). CAPIF. Archived from the original (Select "January 2016") on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  101. ↑ "ARIA Top 100 Albums 2016". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  102. ↑ "Ö3 Austria Top 40 – Album-Charts 2016". oe3.orf.at. Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  103. ↑ "Jaaroverzichten 2016 Albums". Hung Medien. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  104. ↑ "Rapports Annuels 2016 Albums". Hung Medien. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  105. ↑ "Top Canadian Albums Year End 2016". Billboard. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  106. ↑ "ALBUM TOP-100 2016". Hitlisten (in Danish). Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  107. ↑ "Jaaroverzichten – Album 2016". Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  108. ↑ "Classement des 200 meilleures ventes d'albums de 2016". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (in French). snepmusique.fr. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  109. ↑ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts". GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  110. ↑ "Összesített album- és válogatáslemez-lista – eladási darabszám alapján – 2016". Mahasz. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  111. ↑ "Top of the Music - FIMI/GfK: Le uniche classifiche annuali complete" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  112. ↑ "アルバム TOP100" [Album Top 100] (in Japanese). Oricon. 18 December 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  113. ↑ "Los más vendidos 2016" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  114. ↑ "Top Selling Albums of 2016". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  115. ↑ "W 2016 roku najlepiej sprzedającym się albumem było "Życie po śmierci" O.S.T.R." 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  116. ↑ "2016년 Album Chart" (in Korean). Gaon Music Chart. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  117. ↑ "Top 100 Albumes 2016" (in Spanish). PROMUSICAE. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  118. ↑ "Årslista Albums – År 2016". Swedish Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  119. ↑ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade Alben 2016 – hitparade.ch". Hung Medien. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  120. ↑ White, Jack (30 December 2016). "The Official Top 40 Biggest Albums of 2016". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  121. ↑ "Top Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 2016". Billboard. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  122. ↑ "Top Rock Albums : Dec 31, 2016 | Billboard Chart Archive". Billboard. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  123. ↑ "Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2016". Billboard. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  124. ↑ Ryan, Gavin (16 April 2016). "ARIA Albums: Deftones 'Gore' Debuts at No 1". Noise11. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  125. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help) (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved 18 January 2016. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  126. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – albums 2016"] Check |url= value (help). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  127. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help). Music Canada. Retrieved 11 February 2016. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  128. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help). IFPI Denmark. Retrieved 18 January 2016. URL–wikilink conflict (help) Scroll through the page-list below until year 2016 to obtain certification.
  129. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help) (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 18 January 2016. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  130. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (David Bowie)"] Check |url= value (help) (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  131. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help) (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2016. URL–wikilink conflict (help) Select "2016" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "Blackstar" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione".
  132. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help). Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 29 January 2016. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  133. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help) (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  134. ↑ certweek IS REQUIRED for SPANISH CERTIFICATION.
  135. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help). British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 15 January 2016. URL–wikilink conflict (help) Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type David Bowie in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  136. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check |url= value (help). Recording Industry Association of America. URL–wikilink conflict (help) If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH. 
  137. ↑ "Global Music Report 2017" (PDF). IFPI. 25 April 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  138. ↑ "David Bowie – ★". discogs. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  139. ↑ "Blackstar by David Bowie". Amazon.com. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  140. ↑ "Blackstar by David Bowie". iTunes Great Britain. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  141. ↑ "Blackstar [VINYL] by David Bowie". Amazon.com. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  142. ↑ "Blackstar by David Bowie". iTunes Store. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  143. ↑ "David Bowie – Blackstar". Amazon.com. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  144. ↑ "David Bowie – Blackstar (Vinyl)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 3 December 2015.

External links[]

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