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1998 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1998
MCMXCVIII
Ab urbe condita2751
Armenian calendar1447
ԹՎ ՌՆԽԷ
Assyrian calendar6748
Bahá'í calendar154–155
Balinese saka calendar1919–1920
Bengali calendar1405
Berber calendar2948
British Regnal year46 Eliz. 2 – 47 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2542
Burmese calendar1360
Byzantine calendar7506–7507
Chinese calendar丁丑(Fire Ox)
4694 or 4634
    — to —
戊寅年 (Earth Tiger)
4695 or 4635
Coptic calendar1714–1715
Discordian calendar3164
Ethiopian calendar1990–1991
Hebrew calendar5758–5759
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2054–2055
 - Shaka Samvat1919–1920
 - Kali Yuga5098–5099
Holocene calendar11998
Igbo calendar998–999
Iranian calendar1376–1377
Islamic calendar1418–1419
Japanese calendarHeisei 10
(平成10年)
Javanese calendar1930–1931
Juche calendar87
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4331
Minguo calendarROC 87
民國87年
Nanakshahi calendar530
Thai solar calendar2541
Tibetan calendar阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
2124 or 1743 or 971
    — to —
阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
2125 or 1744 or 972
Unix time883612800 – 915148799

1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1998th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 998th year of the , the 98th year of the , and the 9th year of the decade.

1998 was designated as the International Year of the Ocean.[1]

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File:1998 Winter Olympics logo.svg

1998 Winter Olympics

Events[]

January[]

  • January 2 – Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.
  • January 4Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 4 January 1998 in Algeria: Over 170 are killed in 3 remote villages.
  • January 6 – The Lunar Prospector spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon's poles.
  • January 8Ramzi Yousef is sentenced to life in prison for planning the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993.
  • January 11 – Over 100 people are killed in the Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria.
  • January 12 – Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning.
  • January 14Ralph Guarino is arrested for attempting to rob a Bank of America bank in the World Trade Center.
  • January 17 – The Drudge Report breaks the story about U.S. President Bill Clinton's alleged affair with Monica Lewinsky, which would lead to the House of Representatives' impeachment of him.
  • January 20Nepalese police intercept a shipment of 272 human skulls in Kathmandu[citation needed].
  • January 22 – Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski pleads guilty, and accepts a sentence of life without the possibility of parole.
  • January 28
    • Gunmen hold at least 400 children and teachers hostage for several hours, at an elementary school in Manila, Philippines.
    • Stade de France, as known well for sports venues of France, officially opened in Saint-Denis, suburb of Paris, before 1998 FIFA World Cup.[citation needed]
File:Rouble.jpg

New rubles

File:LPnosunm.jpeg

Lunar Prospector

February[]

  • February 1 – The United States Senate passes Resolution 71, urging U.S. President Bill Clinton to "take all necessary and appropriate actions to respond to the threat posed by Iraq's refusal to end its weapons of mass destruction programs".
  • February 3Cavalese cable car disaster: a United States military pilot causes the deaths of 20 people near Trento, Italy, when his low-flying plane severs the cable of a cable-car.
  • February 4 – The 5.9 Mw Afghanistan earthquake shakes the Takhar Province with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). With 2,323 killed, and 818 injured, damage is considered extreme.
  • February 722 – The 1998 Winter Olympics are held in Nagano, Japan.
  • February 16China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into a residential area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, killing 202 people (all 196 on board and 6 on the ground).
  • February 20Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein negotiates a deal with U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, allowing weapons inspectors to return to Baghdad, preventing military action by the United States and Britain.
  • February 28 – A massacre in Likoshane, FR Yugoslavia starts the Kosovo War.

March[]

  • March 1Titanic becomes the first film to gross US$1 billion.
  • March 2
    • Data sent from the Galileo probe indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.
    • In Austria, Natascha Kampusch is abducted by Wolfgang Přiklopil (she will remain in his captivity until August 2006).
  • March 5NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water in polar craters to support a human colony and rocket fueling station.
  • March 11Danish parliamentary election, 1998: Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen is re-elected.
  • March 13 – The High-Z Supernova Search Team becomes the first team to publish evidence that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.
  • March 23 – The 70th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted for the 6th time by Billy Crystal, is held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. Titanic wins 11 Oscars including Best Picture.
  • March 24 – First Computer-assisted Bone Segment Navigation, performed at the University of Regensburg, Germany.
  • March 26Oued Bouaicha massacre in Algeria: 52 people are killed with axes and knives; 32 of the killed are babies under the age of 2.
  • March 27Sildenafil, sold as Viagra and developed by Pfizer, is approved as the first oral treatment for erectile dysfunction in the USA by the Food and Drug Administration.
  • March 31Netscape released Mozilla source code under an open source license. This is described in The Book of Mozilla, 3:31.

April[]

File:Akashi-kaikyo bridge3.jpg

Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge

  • April 5 – In Japan, the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge linking Shikoku with Honshū and costing about US$3.8 billion, opens to traffic, becoming the largest suspension bridge in the world.
  • April 6Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of hitting India.
  • April 10Good Friday Agreement: 1 hour after the end of the talks deadline, the Belfast Agreement is signed between the Irish and British governments and most Northern Ireland political parties, with the notable exception of the Democratic Unionist Party.
  • April 20 – The alleged date the German Red Army Faction (created 1970) is dissolved.
  • April 22Disney's Animal Kingdom opens at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida
  • April 23 – The Yugoslav Army ambushes a group of Kosovo Liberation Army fighters attempting to smuggle weapons from Albania into Kosovo, killing 19.

May[]

  • May 8CBS telecasts The Wizard of Oz for the last time. Beginning in 1999, The Wizard of Oz will be shown on cable, and in 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 it will be telecast by the WB Television Network in addition to its cable showings.
  • May 11
    • India conducts 3 underground nuclear tests in Pokhran, including 1 thermonuclear device.
    • The first euro coins are minted in Pessac, France. Because the final specifications for the coins were not finished in 1998, they will have to be melted and minted again in 1999.
  • May 1314Riots directed against Chinese Indonesians break out in Indonesia. Indonesian natives destroy and burn Chinese Indonesian-owned properties, however, most of the 1,000 people who died in the riots were the Javanese Indonesian looters who targeted the Chinese shops, not the Chinese themselves, since the looters were burnt to death in a massive fire.[2][3][4][5][6]
  • May 19
    • The Galaxy IV communications satellite fails, leaving 80–90% of the world's pagers without service.
    • The wreck of the aircraft carrier USS Yorktown, sunk during the Battle of Midway in 1942, is found near Midway Atoll by a team led by former US Navy officer Robert D. Ballard.
  • May 21Suharto (elected 1967) resigns, after 32 years as President of Indonesia and his 7th consecutive re-election by the Indonesian Parliament (MPR). Suharto's hand-picked Vice President, B. J. Habibie, becomes Indonesia's third president.
  • May 26Bear Grylls, 23, becomes the youngest British climber to scale Mount Everest.[7]
  • May 28Nuclear testing: In response to a series of Indian nuclear tests, Pakistan explodes 5 nuclear devices of its own in the Chaghai hills of Baluchistan, codenamed Chagai-I, prompting the United States, Japan and other nations to impose economic sanctions. Pakistan celebrates Youm-e-Takbir annually.
  • May 30
    • A 6.6 magnitude earthquake hits northern Afghanistan, killing up to 5,000.
    • A second nuclear test, codenamed Chagai-II, is conducted and supervised by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).

June[]

File:Joseph Estrada 1998.jpg

President Joseph Estrada

  • June 2 – The CIH computer virus is discovered in Taiwan.
  • June 3Eschede train disaster: An Intercity-Express high-speed train derails between Hanover and Hamburg, Germany, causing 101 deaths.
  • June 7
    • Former Brigadier-General Ansumane Mané seizes control over military barracks in Bissau, marking the beginning of the Guinea-Bissau Civil War (1998–99).
    • Peter Arnett publishes a false report of Operation Tailwind (initiated 1970), claiming that sarin nerve agents were used to eliminate a group of deserting U.S. soldiers.
    • James Byrd, Jr. is beaten and dragged to death by 3 white men in Jasper, Texas.
  • June 912 – The 1998 FIFA World Cup begins in France.
  • June 12 – The Centennial Celebration of Independence of the Philippines from Spain is observed.
  • June 25Microsoft releases Windows 98.
  • June 27Kuala Lumpur International Airport officially opened, which also became the new international gateway into Malaysia.
  • June 30Philippine Vice President Joseph Estrada is sworn in as the 13th President of the Philippines.

July[]

  • July 2J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is published.
  • July 5 – Japan launches a probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as an outer space-exploring nation.
  • July 6 – The new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok opens, while the old Kai Tak Airport closes.
  • July 12France beats Brazil 3–0 in the football World Cup final.
  • July 17
    • At a conference in Rome, 120 countries vote to create a permanent International Criminal Court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
    • In Saint Petersburg, Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel, 80 years after he and his family were killed by the Lenin-led Bolsheviks in 1918.
    • The 7.0 Mw Papua New Guinea earthquake shakes the region near Aitape with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). This submarine earthquake triggered a landslide that caused a destructive tsunami, leaving 2,183–2,700 dead and thousands injured.
    • Biologists report in the journal Science how they sequenced the genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum.
  • July 24Saving Private Ryan premieres in theaters.

August[]

File:Kenya bombing 1.jpg

Aug.7: Nairobi Embassy bombing.

  • August 4 – The Second Congo War begins; 3,900,000 people are killed before it ends in 2003, making it the bloodiest war, to date, since World War II.
  • August 7
    • Yangtze River Floods: In China the Yangtze river breaks through the main bank; before this, from August 1–5, peripheral levees collapsed consecutively in Jiayu County Baizhou Bay. The death toll exceeds 12,000, with many thousands more injured.
    • 1998 U.S. embassy bombings: The bombings of the United States embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya, kill 224 people and injure over 4,500; they are linked to terrorist Osama bin Laden, an exile of Saudi Arabia.
  • August 15 – The Omagh bombing is carried out in Northern Ireland by the Real IRA.
  • August 24 – The first RFID human implantation is tested in the United Kingdom.
  • August 26 – Computer virus CIH activates and attacks Windows 9x.

September[]

File:Hudson03.jpg

Canadian Coast Guard Vessel Henry Hudson searches for Swissair Flight 111 debris

  • September 2
    • A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 airliner (Swissair Flight 111) crashes near Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia, after taking off from New York City en route to Geneva; all 229 people on board are killed.
    • A United Nations court finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of 9 counts of genocide, marking the first time that the 1948 law banning genocide is enforced.
  • September 4
    • Google, Inc. is founded in Menlo Park, California, by Stanford University PhD candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin.[8]
    • The last former Soviet Union radar station, Skrunda-1, is closed down in Latvia.
  • September 5 – The Government of North Korea adopts a military dictatorship on its 50th anniversary.
  • September 10 – At midnight, a shooting occurs aboard an Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Russian Navy docked in the northern Russian port-city of Severomorsk. The shooter, Alexander Kuzminykh, a 19-year-old seaman from St. Petersburg, opened fire after murdering a soldier (who was supervising his detention on punishment charges in the personnel quarters of the submarine) with a chisel, and taking his AK-74U carbine. After killing five people and wounding one with the dead soldier's weapon, he proceeded to take 2 fellow soldiers hostage, and barricaded himself in the submarine's torpedo room, where he would later murder them. For 23 hours, doctors, relatives, and a priest attempt to persuade him to surrender, but to no avail. After threatening numerous times to set the torpedo room on fire (an event the authorities feared would cause a quote "second Chernobyl"), the crisis came to an end on the morning of 12 September, when a special anti-terrorist commando unit of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) launched a raid on the torpedo room during which, Kuzminkykh allegedly committed suicide, contrary to prior reports that he'd been killed by the unit.
  • September 12 - The Cuban Five intelligence agents are arrested in Miami, and convicted of espionage. The agents claim they were not spying against the United States Government but against the Cuban exile community in Miami.
  • September 24Iranian President Mohammad Khatami retracts a fatwa against Satanic Verses author Salman Rushdie that was in force since 1989 stating that the Iranian government will "neither support nor hinder assassination operations on Rushdie".

October[]

  • October 6Matthew Shepard is beaten and left to die in a cornfield in Laramie, Wyoming.
  • October 14Eric Rudolph is charged with 4 bombings (including the 1996 Olympic bombing) in Atlanta.
  • October 16 – British police place General Augusto Pinochet, the former Chilean dictator from 1973-1990, under house arrest during his medical treatment in the UK.
  • October 17 – A pipeline explosion in Jesse, Nigeria results in 1,082 deaths.
  • October 29Hurricane Mitch makes landfall in Central America, killing an estimated 18,000 people.

November[]

  • November 16Sesame Workshop (back then known as Children's Television Workshop) launches Elmo's World, the most famous Sesame Street segment, lasting from the late 90' to Sesame Street's 40th anniversary (69-09) and the 10th anniversary of the segment itself (99-09).
  • November 17Voyager 1 overtakes Pioneer 10 as the most distant man-made object from the Solar System, at a distance of 69.419 AU (1.03849×1010 km).
  • November 20 – A Russian Proton rocket is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, carrying the first segment of the International Space Station, the 21-ton Zarya Module.
  • November 21Nintendo releases The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
  • November 24 – A declassified report by Swiss IOC official Marc Hodler reveals that bribes had been used to bring the 2002 Winter Olympics to Salt Lake City during bidding process in 1995. The International Olympic Committee, the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, the United States Olympic Committee and the United States Department of Justice immediately launch an investigation into the scandal.

December[]

  • December 4 – The Space Shuttle Endeavour launches the first American component to the International Space Station, the 25,600 lb Unity module on STS-88. It docks with Zarya two days later.
  • December 6Hugo Chávez, politician and former member of the Venezuelan military, is elected President of Venezuela.
  • December 14 – The Yugoslav Army ambushes a column of 140 Kosovo Liberation Army militants attempting to smuggle arms from Albania into Kosovo, killing 36.
  • December 1619Iraq disarmament crisis: U.S. President Bill Clinton orders airstrikes on Iraq. UNSCOM withdraws all weapons inspectors from Iraq.
  • December 19 – The U.S. House of Representatives forwards articles of impeachment against President Clinton to the Senate, making him the second president to be impeached in the nation.
  • December 29Khmer Rouge leaders apologize for the post-Vietnam War genocide in Cambodia that claimed over 1 million in the 1970s.
  • December 31 – The first leap second since June 30, 1997 occurs. In the eurozone, the currency rates of this day are fixed permanently.

Date unknown[]

  • Ibrahim Hanna, the last native speaker of Mlahsô, dies in Qamishli, Syria, making the language effectively extinct. Also, the last native speaker of related Bijil Neo-Aramaic dies in Jerusalem.[citation needed]
  • Italian road racing cyclist Marco Pantani wins both the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia this year.

Births[]

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January[]

File:Lara Robinson.jpg

Lara Robinson

File:Soberano signing new contract in ABS-CBN.jpg

Liza Soberano

File:Ariel Winter at 2015 PaleyFest.jpg

Ariel Winter

  • January 1
    • Samuel Kwong, American sabre fencer
    • Lara Robinson, Australian actress
    • Carlo Kemp, American football player
  • January 2
    • Chen Xinyi, Chinese swimmer
    • Timothy Fosu-Mensah, Dutch footballer
  • January 4
    • Coco Jones, American actress and singer
    • Liza Soberano, Filipino actress and singer
    • Georgi Yanev, Bulgarian footballer
  • January 6
    • Yuuka Yano, Japanese actress
    • Ismail Azzaoui, Belgian footballer
    • Lee Seung-woo, South Korean footballer
    • Norman Grimes, American sprinter
  • January 8 - Manuel Locatelli, Italian footballer
  • January 9
    • Kerris Dorsey, American actress and singer
    • Sean Day, Belgian-born Canadian ice hockey player
  • January 10Xu Shilin, Chinese tennis player
  • January 12
    • Nathan Gamble, American actor
    • Rafik Zekhnini, Norwegian footballer
  • January 13
    • Gabrielle Daleman, Canadian figure skater
    • Kamron Doyle, American ten-pin bowler
  • January 14
    • Ai Moritaka, Japanese model and actress
    • Nick Romeo Reimann, German actor
  • January 16 - Odsonne Édouard, French footballer
  • January 17Luca Schuler, Swiss freestyle skier
  • January 18Vashti Cunningham, American track and field
  • January 21Amelia Hundley, American artistic gymnast
  • January 23
    • Rachel Crow, American singer and actress
    • Cole Custer, American stock car racing driver
    • Silentó American rapper
  • January 24Ada-Nicole Sanger, American actress
  • January 26
    • Leeah D. Jackson, American actress
    • Jung Chan-woo, South Korean singer
  • January 27Rebeka Kim, South Korean ice dancer
  • January 28
    • Ariel Winter, American actress
    • Javier Acevedo, Canadian swimmer
  • January 29Mion Mukaichi, Japanese singer and actress
  • January 30Jordana Beatty, Australian actress

February[]

File:Matthew Davidson for Wiki.jpg

Matthew Davidson

  • February 1
    • Stefan Kozlov, American tennis player
    • Kipyegon Bett, Kenyan middle-distance runner
  • February 3
    • Michael McLeod, Canadian ice hockey player
    • Blás Riveros, Paraguayan footballer
  • February 4
    • Scott Jones, English paralympic athlete
    • Malik Monk, American basketball player
  • February 5Sreelakshmi Suresh, Indian web designer
  • February 7Angelique Sabrina, Bahamian singer-songwriter, dancer and actress
  • February 10
    • Gray Gaulding, American stock car racing driver
    • Aitor Buñuel, Spanish footballer
  • February 12Chen Siyi, Chinese gymnast
  • February 13 - Khalifa St. Fort, Trinbagonian sprinter
  • February 15Zachary Gordon, American actor
  • February 16
    • Kim Su-ji, South Korean diver
    • Seo Young-joo, South Korean actor
  • February 18Matthew Davidson, American guitarist
  • February 19Sam Kim, Korean-American singer and guitarist
  • February 20Matt Hunter, American singer and voice actor
  • February 21 - Michaela Hrubá, Czech athlete
  • February 24Mariel Pamintuan, Filipino actress
  • February 25 - Matheus Pereira da Silva, Brazilian footballer
  • February 27
    • Theo Stevenson, English actor
    • Elisa Balsamo, Italian road and track cyclist

March[]

File:2012 World Junior FS Elizaveta Ukolova.jpg

Elizaveta Ukolova

File:World Championships 2015 – Ladies (Satoko MIYAHARA JPN – Silver Medal).jpg

Satoko Miyahara

File:Portrait image of Janella Salvador.jpg

Janella Salvador

  • March 1Tengku Muhammad Ismail of Terengganu
  • March 3 - Jayson Tatum, American basketball player
  • March 5 - Sergio Díaz, Paraguayan footballer
  • March 9Kaylin Whitney, American sprinter
  • March 12
    • Annaleise Carr, Canadian swimmer
    • Jordan Jansen, Australian singer
    • Alina Müller, Swiss ice hockey player
    • Elizaveta Ukolova, Czech figure skater
  • March 14Szuyu Rachel Su, Taiwanese classical pianist
  • March 17Nathan O'Toole, Irish actor
  • March 19Sakura Miyawaki, Japanese singer
  • March 21Miles Bridges, American basketball player
  • March 22
    • Harsh Mayar, Indian actor
    • Paola Andino, Puerto Rican actress
  • March 25Ryan Simpkins, American actress
  • March 26
    • Daria Grushina, Russian ski jumper
    • Satoko Miyahara, Japanese figure skater
  • March 27
    • BJ Forbes, Filipino actor
    • Haji Wright, American footballer
  • March 28 - Sandi Lovric, Austrian footballer
  • March 29 - Shealeigh, American singer-songwriter
  • March 30Janella Salvador, Filipina actress and singer
  • March 31
    • Jakob Chychrun, American ice hockey player
    • Anna Seidel, German short track speed skater
    • Valeria Gorlats, Estonian tennis player

April[]

File:Peyton Roi List.JPG

Peyton List

File:Elle Fanning Cannes 2016.jpg

Elle Fanning

File:RyanNewmanApr09.jpg

Ryan Newman

  • April 1
    • Isabella Bliss, Australian chef
    • Franco Lopez, Argentinian footballer
  • April 4Malcolm Sutherland-Foggio, American philanthropist
  • April 5Kaito Nakamura, Japanese actor and model
  • April 6
    • Peyton List, American actress
    • Spencer List, American actor
  • April 9Elle Fanning, American actress
  • April 10 - Anna Pogorilaya, Russian figure skater
  • April 16
    • Paul Salas, Filipino actor
    • Maxime Rooney, American swimmer
  • April 18Joyce Tafatatha, Malawian swimmer
  • April 19Patrik Laine, Finnish ice hockey player
  • April 22Marco Ladner, Austrian freestyle skier
  • April 24Ryan Newman, American actress
  • April 26Jan-Krzysztof Duda, Polish chess Grandmaster
  • April 29Kimberly Birrell, German-born Australian tennis player
  • April 30 - Olivia DeJonge, Australian actress

May[]

File:2015 US Open Tennis - Qualies - Romina Oprandi (SUI) (22) def. Tornado Alicia Black (USA) (20918192181).jpg

Tornado Alicia Black

File:Polina Edmunds at 2014 US championships (square crop).jpg

Polina Edmunds

  • May 2
    • Vasilisa Davankova, Russian pair skater
    • Ian Anderson, American baseball pitcher
    • Jonathan Ikoné, French footballer
  • May 4
    • Taylar Hender, American actress
    • Frank Jackson, American basketball player
  • May 5Olli Juolevi, Finnish ice hockey player
  • May 6
    • Kayden Troff, American chess champion
    • Sierra Schmidt, American swimmer
  • May 7
    • Jesse Puljujarvi, Finnish ice hockey player
    • Dani Olmo, Spanish footballer
  • May 8 - Johannes Eggestein, German footballer
  • May 11 - Fran Villalba, Spanish footballer
  • May 12Tornado Alicia Black, American tennis player
  • May 13
    • Karen Iwata, Japanese singer and voice actress
    • Mickey Moniak, American baseball outfielder
  • May 14Taruni Sachdev, Indian actress (d. 2012)
  • May 16 - Adian Pitkeev, Russian figure skater
  • May 18
    • Polina Edmunds, American figure skater
    • Brianna Fruean, Samoan environmental activist
  • May 20Nam Nguyen, Canadian figure skater
  • May 26 - Shannon, English-born South Korean singer
  • May 28Riho Sayashi, Japanese singer
  • May 29
    • Lucía Gil, Spanish singer and actress
    • Oliver Stokes, British actor
    • Felix Passlack, German footballer
    • Markelle Fultz, American basketball player
  • May 31 - Reza Shekari, Iranian Footballer

June[]

File:Julia Lipnitskaia Olympics 2014.jpeg

Yulia Lipnitskaya

File:Suzu Hirose Cannes 2015.jpg

Suzu Hirose

  • June 1
    • Aleksandra Soldatova, Russian rhythmic gymnast
    • Branimir Kalaica, Croatian footballer
  • June 5
    • Yulia Lipnitskaya, Russian figure skater
    • Harry Giles III, American basketball player
  • June 7Graham Newberry, British-American figure skater
  • June 11
    • Charlie Tahan, American actor
    • Rhys Matthew Bond, Canadian actor
  • June 13Abdallah El Akal, Israeli actor
  • June 14 - Taishi Nakagawa, Japanese actor and model
  • June 15
    • Alexander Samarin, Russian figure skater
    • Hachim Mastour, Moroccan footballer
  • June 16
    • Veronica Hults, American artistic gymnast
    • Lauren Taylor, American actress
  • June 19
    • Suzu Hirose, Japanese actress and model
    • Joey Jett, American skateboarder
    • Atticus Shaffer, American actor
    • Viktoriya Zeynep Güneş, Turkish swimmer
    • Ömer Yurtseven,Turkish basketball player
  • June 20Jadin Gould, American actress
  • June 23 - Josip Brekalo, Croatian footballer
  • June 24
    • Coy Stewart, American actor
    • Pierre-Luc Dubois, Canadian ice hockey player
  • June 25 - Kyle Chalmers, Australian swimmer

July[]

File:Dylan Sprayberry 2 SDCC 2014.jpg

Dylan Sprayberry

File:Jaden smith 2009.jpg

Jaden Smith

File:Madison Pettis 2010.jpg

Madison Pettis

File:Bindi Irwin in June 2013.jpg

Bindi Irwin

File:Rico Rodriguez at 2015 PaleyFest.jpg

Rico Rodriguez

  • July 2Ema Klinec, Slovenian ski jumper
  • July 7Dylan Sprayberry, American actor
  • July 8
    • Jaden Smith, American actor
    • Daria Spiridonova, Russian artistic gymnast
  • July 9
    • Robert Capron, American actor
    • Tiger Onitsuka, Japanese drummer
  • July 10 - Haley Pullos, American actress
  • July 12Swini Khara, Indian actress
  • July 17 - Don Felipe of Spain
  • July 19Lil Woods, English actress
  • July 22
    • Alicia Moffet, Canadian singer
    • Madison Pettis, American actress
    • Federico Valverde, Uruguayan footballer
  • July 23 - DeAndre Ayton, Bahamian basketball player
  • July 24Bindi Irwin, Australian actress and television presenter
  • July 28 - Sasha Meneghel, Brazilian volleyball player, model and actress
  • July 31Rico Rodriguez, American actor

August[]

File:KhamaniGriffinDec10.jpg

Khamani Griffin

File:Shawn mendes (cropped).jpg

Shawn Mendes

File:China Anne McClain, Dec 2011.jpg

China Anne McClain

  • August 1Khamani Griffin, American actor
  • August 3Cozi Zuehlsdorff, American actress, pianist and singer
  • August 5
    • Kanon Suzuki, Japanese singer
    • Ana-Maria Yanakieva, Bulgarian singer
    • Mimi Keene, English actress
    • Panos Armenakas, Australian footballer
    • Daniil Pakhomov, Russian swimmer
  • August 6 - Forrest Goodluck, American actor
  • August 7Felicia Hano, American artistic gymnast
  • August 8
    • Ronan Parke, English singer
    • Shawn Mendes, Canadian singer
  • August 9 - Jorrit Croon, Dutch hockey player
  • August 10
    • Diptayan Ghosh, Indian chess Grandmaster
    • Eythora Thorsdottir, Dutch gymnast
  • August 11
    • Nadia Azzi, American classical pianist
    • Nicolas Janvier, French footballer
  • August 13
    • Arina Averina, Russian rhythmic gymnast
    • Dina Averina, Russian rhythmic gymnast
    • Dalma Gálfi, Hungarian tennis player
  • August 14Amy Marren, English paralympic swimmer
  • August 15Gulliver McGrath, Australian actor
  • August 18Cakka Nuraga, Indonesian musician and singer
  • August 19Ella Guevara, Filipina actress
  • August 21 - Prince Villanueva, Filipino, actor
  • August 24Robin, Finnish singer
  • August 25
    • Abraham Mateo, Spanish actor and singer
    • China Anne McClain, American actress and singer
  • August 28Haruka Fukuhara, Japanese singer

September[]

File:2014 WYCC Richard Wang.jpg

Richard Wang

  • September 1Emily Condon, Australian footballer
  • September 6Michele Perniola, Italian singer
  • September 9
    • Shannon Matthews, English kidnap victim
    • Jesus Marimon, Colombian footballer
  • September 17Richard Wang, Canadian chess champion
  • September 18Christian Pulisic, American footballer
  • September 19 - Jacob Bruun Larsen, Danish footballer
  • September 21 - Miguel Tanfelix, Filipino actor
  • September 24 - Chandler Frantz, American actor
  • September 26Ivan Pavlov, Ukrainian figure skater
  • September 28
    • Aleksandra Goryachkina, Russian chess Grandmaster
    • Gotita de Plata, Mexican wrestler
    • Jenna Rose, American singer
  • September 30 - Trevor Moran, American singer and YouTube personality

October[]

File:Tyler Pierce 2015.jpg

Tyler Pierce

File:Nolan Gould at 2015 PaleyFest.jpg

Nolan Gould

File:2015 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships - Floor - Maria Kharenkova 03.jpg

Maria Kharenkova

  • October 1 - Danika Yarosh, American actress and dancer
  • October 9 - Tako Natsvlishvili, Georgian model
  • October 10Nash Aguas, Filipino actor
  • October 12Tyler Pierce, American figure skater
  • October 18 - Emily Robinson, American actress
  • October 20Jordan Allan, Scottish footballer
  • October 22 - Ianis Hagi, Romanian footballer
  • October 23Amandla Stenberg, American actress
  • October 24Daya, American singer
  • October 25Guan Tianlang, Chinese golfer
  • October 26 - Samantha Isler, American actress
  • October 27 - Dayot Upamecano, French footballer
  • October 28
    • Nolan Gould, American actor
    • Perrine Laffont, French mogul skier
    • Amber Kirk-Ford, British blogger
  • October 29
    • Maria Kharenkova, Russian artistic gymnast
    • Lance Stroll, Canadian racing driver
  • October 31Alice Morel-Michaud, Canadian actress

November[]

File:Bradley Steven Perry 2011.jpg

Bradley Steven Perry

  • November 3
    • Maddison Elliott, Australian paralympic swimmer
    • Novemthree Siahaan, Indonesian gigantiform cementoma victim (d. 2005)
  • November 4Darcy Rose Byrnes, American actress and singer-songwriter
  • November 10Renz Valerio, Filipino actor
  • November 11 - Carlo Lacana, Filipino actor
  • November 13 - Charlie Storwick, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
  • November 16Priyanshi Somani, Indian mental calculator
  • November 17Kara Hayward, American actress
  • November 23Bradley Steven Perry, American actor
  • November 24 - Peyton Meyer, American actor
  • November 25Shin Dong-woo, South Korean actor
  • November 29Ayumu Hirano, Japanese snowboarder

December[]

File:Reece Oxford West Ham August 2014.jpg

Reece Oxford

File:Martin Ødegaard 2015-02-08 001.jpg

Martin Ødegaard

File:Gianina Ernst.JPG

Gianina Ernst

  • December 2
    • Annalise Basso, American actress
    • Amber Montana, American actress
  • December 4Si Yajie, Chinese diver
  • December 6Angelīna Kučvaļska, Latvian figure skater
  • December 8
    • Anastasia Rizikov, Canadian classical pianist
  • December 11
    • Gabz, British singer
    • Dante Rigo, Belgian footballer
  • December 14
    • Maude Apatow, American actress
    • Maggie Voisin, American freestyle skier
  • December 15Chandler Canterbury, American actor
  • December 16
    • Kiara Muhammad, American actress and singer
    • Reece Oxford, English football player
  • December 17Martin Ødegaard, Norwegian footballer
  • December 18Alejandro Felipe, Mexican actor
  • December 19
    • Erhan Can Kartal, Turkish actor
    • Frans Jeppsson-Wall, Swedish singer
  • December 20
    • Chukwu octuplets, American octuplets
    • Ivett Tóth, Hungarian figure skater
    • Kylian Mbappe Lottin, French football player
  • December 22G. Hannelius, American actress
  • December 24Nikita Howarth, New Zealand paralympic swimmer
  • December 25 - Tamsin Cook, Australian swimmer
  • December 26Kesz Váldez, Filipino humanitarian
  • December 27Grayson Russell, American film and television actor
  • December 28
    • Jared Gilman, American actor
    • Paris Berelc, American actress
  • December 29Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick, American actor
  • December 31Gianina Ernst, German ski jumper

Deaths[]

Main article: Deaths in 1998
Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January[]

File:Helen Wills Moody 1932.jpg

Helen Wills Moody

File:Sonny Bono.jpg

Sonny Bono

File:Vladimir Prelog ETH-Bib Portr 00214.jpg

Vladimir Prelog

  • January 1Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (b. 1905)
  • January 2
    • Feodor I. Kozhevnikov, Soviet legal expert (b. 1893)
    • Frank Muir, British actor, comedy writer and raconteur (b. 1920)
  • January 4
    • Mae Questel, American actress (b. 1908)
    • Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia, Italian film director (b. 1894)
  • January 5Sonny Bono, American singer, actor, and politician (b. 1935)
  • January 7Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist (b. 1906)
  • January 8Michael Tippett, English composer (b. 1905)
  • January 9Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist (b. 1918)
  • January 11
    • Ellis Rabb, American director and actor (b. 1930)
    • Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (b. 1926)
  • January 12
    • Kyle W. Dinkheller, American policeman (b. 1975)
    • Phyllis Nelson, American singer (b. 1950)
  • January 15Junior Wells, American harmonica player (b. 1934)
  • January 16
    • Emil Sitka, American actor (b. 1914)
    • Hermann Wedekind, artistic director (b. 1910)
  • January 18Monica Edwards, British writer (b. 1912)
  • January 19Carl Perkins, American guitarist (b. 1932)
  • January 21Jack Lord, American actor (b. 1920)
  • January 23Alfredo Ormando, Italian writer (b. 1958)
  • January 26Shinichi Suzuki, Japanese musician and educator (b. 1898)
  • January 28Shotaro Ishinomori, Japanese Manga artist (b. 1938)

February[]

File:Falco Ursela Monn 1986-3.jpg

Falco

  • February 2
    • Haroun Tazieff, French volcanologist and geologist (b. 1914)
    • Raymond Cattell, British and American psychologist (b. 1905)
  • February 3
    • Fat Pat, American rapper (b. 1970)
    • Karla Faye Tucker, Texas murderer (b. 1959)
  • February 6
    • Falco, Austrian musician (b. 1957)
    • Carl Wilson, American musician (b. 1946)
    • Nazim al-Kudsi, Prime Minister of Syria and President of Syria (b. 1906)
  • February 7
    • Lawrence Sanders, American author (b. 1920)
    • Roger Nicholas Angleton, American murderer (b. 1942)
  • February 8
    • Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer (b. 1902)
    • Enoch Powell, British politician (b. 1912)
    • Julian Lincoln Simon, American economist and author (b. 1932)
  • February 9Maurice Schumann, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1911)
  • February 11Jonathan Hole, American actor (b. 1904)
  • February 16Fernando Abril Martorell, Spanish Deputy Prime Minister (b. 1936)
  • February 17
    • Ernst Jünger, German writer (b. 1895)
    • Bob Merrill, American composer and screenwriter (b. 1921)
  • February 18Harry Caray, American television and radio broadcaster (b. 1917)
  • February 19Grandpa Jones, American musician (b. 1913)
  • February 22
    • Red Reeder, U.S. Army officer and author (b. 1902)
    • Abraham Alexander Ribicoff, American politician (b. 1910)
    • Athol Rowan, South African cricketer (b. 1921)
    • José María de Areilza, Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1909)
  • February 23
    • Raman Lamba, Indian cricketer (b. 1960)
    • Sean A. Moore, American writer (b. 1965)
  • February 24Henny Youngman, English-born comedian (b. 1906)
  • February 26Theodore Schultz, American economist (b. 1902)
  • February 27
    • George H. Hitchings, American scientist (b. 1905)
    • J. T. Walsh, American actor (b. 1943)
  • February 28
    • Todd Duncan, American opera singer (b. 1903)
    • Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (b. 1952)

March[]

File:Lloyd Bridges 1966.jpg

Lloyd Bridges

File:Ohain.jpg

Hans von Ohain

File:Benjamin McLane Spock (1976).jpg

Benjamin Spock

  • March 2Darcy O'Brien, American author (b. 1939)
  • March 3Fred W. Friendly, American television journalist and executive (b. 1915)
  • March 7Bernarr Rainbow, historian of music education, organist, and choir master, (b. 1914)
  • March 8Ray Nitschke, American football player (b. 1936)
  • March 10Lloyd Bridges, American actor (b. 1913)
  • March 12
    • Judge Dread, English musician (b. 1945)
    • Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (b. 1893)
    • Jozef Kroner, Slovak actor (b. 1924)
  • March 13
    • Bill Reid, Canadian artist (b. 1920)
    • Risen Star, American racehorse (b. 1985)
    • Hans von Ohain, German physicist (b. 1911)
  • March 15
    • Benjamin Spock, American Olympic rower - Men's eights, pediatrician, and author (b. 1903)
    • Dušan Pašek, Slovak ice hockey player (b. 1960)
  • March 16Derek Barton, British chemist (b. 1918)
  • March 20George Howard, American jazz saxophone musician (b. 1956)
  • March 25Daniel Massey, English actor (b. 1933)
  • March 27Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche, Austrian auto designer and businessman (b. 1909)
  • March 31Bella Abzug, American politician (b. 1920)

April[]

File:PolPot.jpg

Pol Pot

File:Paz0.jpg

Octavio Paz

  • April 1
    • Gene Evans, American actor (b. 1920)
    • Rozz Williams, American singer (b. 1963)
  • April 2Rob Pilatus, German model, dancer, and singer (b.circa 1966)
  • April 3Charles Lang, American cinematographer (b. 1901)
  • April 5Cozy Powell, English drummer (b. 1947)
  • April 6
  • April 11Rodney Harvey, American actor and model (b. 1967)
  • April 13Patrick de Gayardon, French skydiver and skysurfing pioneer (b. 1960)
  • April 15
    • Rose Maddox, American singer (b. 1925)
    • Pol Pot, Cambodian Khmer Rouge leader (b. 1925)
  • April 16
    • Fred Davis, English snooker player (b. 1913)
    • Marie-Louise Meilleur, Canadian supercentenarian (b. 1880)
  • April 17
    • Linda McCartney, American photographer and musician (b. 1941)
    • Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy, Egyptian Muslim jurist (b. 1911)
  • April 19Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer (b. 1914)
  • April 21
    • Peter Lind Hayes, American entertainer (b. 1915)
    • Irene Vernon, American actress (b. 1922)
  • April 22Kitch Christie, South African rugby coach (b. 1940)
  • April 23
    • Konstantinos Karamanlis, Greek politician (b. 1907)
    • James Earl Ray, American assassin (b. 1928)
  • April 25
    • Christian Mortensen, Danish supercentenarian (b. 1882)
    • Wright Morris, American photographer and writer (b. 1910)
  • April 26Joan Mary Wayne Brown, British author (b. 1906)
  • April 27
    • Carlos Castaneda, American anthropologist and author (b. 1925)
    • Anne Desclos, French writer (b. 1907)

May[]

File:Alice Faye photograph.jpg

Alice Faye

File:Frank Sinatra '57.jpg

Frank Sinatra

File:Sosuke Uno 1977.png

Sosuke Uno

File:Phil as Chick-1-1.jpg

Phil Hartman

  • May 1Eldridge Cleaver, American activist (b. 1935)
  • May 2
    • Kevin Lloyd, British actor (b. 1949)
    • Justin Fashanu, British footballer (b. 1961)
    • hide, Japanese musician (b. 1964)
    • Gene Raymond, American actor (b. 1908)
  • May 7
    • Allan McLeod Cormack, South African–born physicist (b. 1924)
    • Eddie Rabbitt, American musician (b. 1941)
  • May 9Alice Faye, American entertainer (b. 1915)
  • May 14
    • Frank Sinatra, American entertainer (b. 1915)
    • Marjory Stoneman Douglas, American conservationist and writer (b. 1890)
  • May 15Earl Manigault, American basketball player (b. 1944)
  • May 19Sōsuke Uno, 75th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1922)
  • May 22
    • John Derek, American actor and film director (b. 1926)
    • José Enrique Moyal, mathematical physicist (b. 1910)
  • May 28
    • Phil Hartman, Canadian-born American artist, writer, actor, and comedian (b. 1948)
    • Philip L. Carret, American investor (b. 1896)
  • May 29Barry Goldwater, American politician (b. 1909)

June[]

File:Maureen O'Sullivan image.jpg

Maureen O'Sullivan

  • June 1Darwin Joston, American actor (b. 1937)
  • June 2
    • Junkyard Dog, American pro wrestler (b. 1952)
    • Dorothy Stickney, American actress (b. 1896)
  • June 3Poul Bundgaard, Danish actor and singer (b. 1922)
  • June 5
    • Jeanette Nolan, American actress (b. 1911)
    • Samuel Yorty, American politician, Los Angeles' 37th mayor (1961-1973) (b. 1909).
  • June 8
    • Sani Abacha, 10th President of Nigeria (b. 1943)
    • Jackie McGlew, South African cricketer (b. 1929)
  • June 10Hammond Innes, English author (b. 1914)
  • June 11Catherine Cookson, English author (b. 1906)
  • June 12Theresa Merritt, American actress (b. 1924)
  • June 13Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (b. 1911)
  • June 20Conrad Schumann, East German border guard (b. 1942)
  • June 22Benny Green, British writer, radio broadcaster and saxophonist (b. 1927)
  • June 23Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (b. 1911)
  • June 25Lounès Matoub, Berber Kabyle singer (b. 1956)
  • June 27Kerim Tekin, Turkish pop singer and actor (b. 1975)
  • June 28Marion Eugene Carl, American fighter pilot (b. 1915)

July[]

File:Alan B. Shepard 1970.jpg

Alan Shepard

  • July 3Danielle Bunten Berry, American software developer (b. 1949)
  • July 5
    • Sid Luckman, American football player (b. 1916)
    • Johnny Speight, British television scriptwriter (b. 1920)
  • July 6Roy Rogers, American singer and actor (b. 1911)
  • July 12Arkady Ostashev, Soviet engineer and rocket scientist (b. 1925)
  • July 17Joseph Maher, Irish actor (b. 1933)
  • July 19Elmer Valo, Slovak baseball player (b. 1921)
  • July 21
    • Alan Shepard, American astronaut (b. 1923)
    • Robert Young, American actor (b. 1907)
  • July 22Hermann Prey, German bass-baritone (b. 1929)
  • July 27Binnie Barnes, English actress (b. 1903)
  • July 28Harvie Branscomb, American university president (b. 1894)
  • July 29Jerome Robbins, American choreographer and director (b. 1918)
  • July 30
    • Buffalo Bob Smith, American children's television host (b. 1917)
    • Jorge Russek, Mexican actor (b. 1932)
  • July 31Sylvia Field, American actress (b. 1901)

August[]

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B0115-0010-066, Berlin, VI. SED-Parteitag, Warnke, Shiwkow - Zhivkov.jpg

Todor Zhivkov

File:E G Marshall The Bold Ones 1970.JPG

E. G. Marshall

September[]

File:Akirakurosawa-onthesetof7samurai-1953-page88.jpg

Akira Kurosawa

File:George C Wallace.jpg

George Wallace

File:YangShangkun1958.png

Yang Shangkun

File:Florence Griffith Joyner2.jpg

Florence Griffith Joyner

File:Betty Carter.jpg

Betty Carter

October[]

File:RoddyMcDowall.jpg

Roddy McDowall

  • October 2
    • Gene Autry, American actor, singer, and sports team owner (b. 1907)
    • Olivier Gendebien, Belgian race car driver (b. 1924)
  • October 3Roddy McDowall, British actor (b. 1928)
  • October 6
    • Mark Belanger, American baseball player (b. 1944)
    • Ambrose Burke, English professor and Catholic priest (b. 1895)
  • October 8Zhang Chongren, Chinese artist (b. 1907)
  • October 9Ian Johnson, Australian cricketer (b. 1917)
  • October 10Tommy Quaid, Irish hurler (b. 1957)
  • October 11Richard Denning, American actor (b. 1914)
  • October 12Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (b. 1976)
  • October 13 – General Gérard Charles Édouard Thériault, Canadian Chief of the Defence Staff (b. 1932)
  • October 14Frankie Yankovic, American musician (b. 1916)
  • October 16Jon Postel, American Internet pioneer (b. 1943)
  • October 19Germán List Arzubide, Mexican poet and revolutionary (b. 1898)
  • October 17
    • Joan Hickson, British actress (b. 1906)
    • Hakim Mohammed Said, Pakistani scholar and philanthropist (b. 1920)
  • October 22Eric Ambler, British writer (b. 1909)
  • October 28
    • Ghulam Ahmed, Indian cricket captain (b. 1922)
    • James Goldman, American writer (b. 1927)
  • October 29Ted Hughes, English poet (b. 1930)
  • October 31 -- Maria de la Purisima Salvat Romero, Spanish nun and saint (b. 1926)

November[]

File:Jean Marais by van Vechten, 1947.jpg

Jean Marais

December[]

File:Rodbell, Martin (1925-1998).jpg

Martin Rodbell

File:Norman Fell 1970.jpg

Norman Fell

File:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin nobel.jpg

Alan Lloyd Hodgkin

Nobel Prizes[]

  • PhysicsRobert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel Chee Tsui
  • ChemistryWalter Kohn, John Pople
  • MedicineRobert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad
  • LiteratureJosé Saramago
  • PeaceJohn Hume and David Trimble
  • Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred NobelAmartya Sen

Fields Medal[]

  • Richard Ewen Borcherds, William Timothy Gowers, Maxim Kontsevich, Curtis T. McMullen

In fiction[]

Main article: List of works of fiction set in 1998
  • The Japanese horror novel Another is set in the fictional town of Yomiyama, Japan during 1998.
  • The novel Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years takes place from April 30, 1997 to May 2, 1998.
  • The video games Resident Evil Zero, Resident Evil, Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, and Resident Evil Code: Veronica all take place in 1998, July for the first two, September for the next three, and December CV.
  • In the Resident Evil franchise, Raccoon City is destroyed on October 1, 1998.
  • The video game Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories is set in 1998
  • The TV series Ben 10 is set in 1998.

External links[]

References[]

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  1. "1998 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE OCEAN". December 29, 1997. Archived from the original on July 7, 2010. Retrieved February 29, 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. "Inside Indonesia - Digest 86 - Towards a mapping of 'at risk' groups in Indonesia". serve.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2000.
  3. "[INDONESIA-L] DIGEST - The May Riot". ohiou.edu.
  4. "ASIET NetNews Number 20 - June 1-7, 1998". asia-pacific-solidarity.net.
  5. "Constitutional Change and Democracy in Indonesia". google.com.
  6. Collins 2002, p. 597.
  7. "BBC NEWS - UK - Flying over the top of the world".
  8. "The History Of Google – Searching The World" (notes), Matt Jacks, 10 January 2005, webpage: WAH-HGoogle.
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