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1937 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1937
MCMXXXVII
Ab urbe condita2690
Armenian calendar1386
ԹՎ ՌՅՁԶ
Assyrian calendar6687
Bahá'í calendar93–94
Balinese saka calendar1858–1859
Bengali calendar1344
Berber calendar2887
British Regnal yearGeo. 6 – 2 Geo. 6
Buddhist calendar2481
Burmese calendar1299
Byzantine calendar7445–7446
Chinese calendar丙子(Fire Rat)
4633 or 4573
    — to —
丁丑年 (Fire Ox)
4634 or 4574
Coptic calendar1653–1654
Discordian calendar3103
Ethiopian calendar1929–1930
Hebrew calendar5697–5698
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1993–1994
 - Shaka Samvat1858–1859
 - Kali Yuga5037–5038
Holocene calendar11937
Igbo calendar937–938
Iranian calendar1315–1316
Islamic calendar1355–1356
Japanese calendarShōwa 12
(昭和12年)
Javanese calendar1867–1868
Juche calendar26
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4270
Minguo calendarROC 26
民國26年
Nanakshahi calendar469
Thai solar calendar2479–2480
Tibetan calendar阳火鼠年
(male Fire-Rat)
2063 or 1682 or 910
    — to —
阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
2064 or 1683 or 911

1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1937th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 937th year of the , the 37th year of the , and the 8th year of the decade.

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Events[]

January[]

  • January 1Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua.
  • January 11 – The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States.
  • January 19Spanish Civil War: Second Battle of the Corunna Road (begun 13 December 1936) concludes with both sides withdrawing.
  • January 19Howard Hughes establishes a record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.
  • January 20Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. This is the first time Inauguration Day in the United States is on this date, on which continues to occur; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
  • January 23Moscow Trials: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the Soviet Union seventeen leading Communists go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime and assassinate its leaders.
  • January 26Michigan celebrates its centennial anniversary as a U.S. state.
  • January 30Ingrid Christensen becomes the first woman to set foot on the continent of Antarctica.
  • January 31 – The Soviet Union executes 31 people for alleged Trotskyism.
File:Howard Hughes.jpg

January 19: Howard Hughes sets record.

File:FDR 1944 Color Portrait.tif

January 20: Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in as US President for his second term.

February[]

  • February 5 – U.S President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a plan to enlarge the Supreme Court of the United States.
  • February 8Spanish Civil War: Falangist troops take Málaga.
  • February 8February 27Spanish Civil WarBattle of Jarama: Nationalist and government troops fight to a stalemate.
  • February 11 – A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Automobile Workers union.
  • February 16Wallace H. Carothers receives a patent for nylon.
  • February 19
    • Airliner VH-UHH (Stinson) goes down over Lamington National Park, bound for Sydney, killing five people.
    • Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Eritrean nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades. The Italian security guard fire into the crowd of Ethiopian onlookers. Authorities exact further reprisals, which include indiscriminately slaughtering native Ethiopians over the next three days, detaining thousands of Ethiopians at Danan and slaughtering almost 300 monks at Debre Libanos monastery.
  • The flag of the Netherlands is officially adopted.
  • February 20Roberto Ortiz is elected president of Argentina.
  • February 21 – The League of Nations Non-Intervention Committee prohibits foreign nationals from fighting in the Spanish Civil War.

March[]

  • March – The first issue of Detective Comics is published in the United States. It goes on to become the longest continually published comic book in American history; it is still published as of 2016.
  • March 10 (dated March 14 (Passion Sunday)) – The encyclical Mit brennender Sorge ("With burning concern") of Pope Pius XI is published in Germany in the German language. Largely the work of Cardinals von Faulhaber and Pacelli, it condemns breaches of the 1933 Reichskonkordat agreement signed between the Nazi government and the Catholic Church, and criticises Nazism's views on race and other matters incompatible with Catholicism.
  • March 17 – The Atherton Report (private investigator Edwin Atherton's report detailing vice and police corruption in San Francisco) is released.
  • March 18New London School explosion: In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the New London School in New London, Texas, suffers a catastrophic natural gas explosion, killing in excess of 295 students and teachers. Mother Frances Hospital opens in Tyler, Texas, a day ahead of schedule in response to the explosion.
  • March 19 – The encyclical Divini Redemptoris of Pope Pius XI, critical of communism, is published.
  • March 21
    • Ponce massacre: A police squad, acting under orders from Governor of Puerto Rico Blanton Winship, opens fire on demonstrators protesting at the arrest of Puerto Rican Nationalist Party leader Pedro Albizu Campos, killing 17 people and injuring over 200.
    • The first successful flying car, Waldo Waterman's Aerobile, makes its initial flight.
  • March 26
    • In Crystal City, Texas, spinach growers erect a statue of the cartoon character Popeye.
    • William H. Hastie becomes the first African American appointed to a federal judgeship in the United States.

April[]

  • April 1
    • Aden becomes a British crown colony.
    • Bombing of Jaén in Spain by the Condor Legion of the Nazi German Luftwaffe.
  • April 9 – The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London; it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
  • April 12
    • Frank Whittle ground-tests the world's first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
    • NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that the National Labor Relations Act is constitutional.
  • April 17 – The animated short Porky's Duck Hunt, directed by Tex Avery for the Looney Tunes series, featuring the debut of Daffy Duck, is released in the United States.
  • April 20 – A fire in an elementary school in Kilingi-Nõmme, Estonia, kills seventeen students and injures fifty.
  • April 26Spanish Civil War: Bombing of Guernica in Spain by the Condor Legion of the Nazi German Luftwaffe in support of the Francoists. Three-quarters of the town is destroyed and hundreds killed.[1]

May[]

File:Hindenburg burning.jpg

May 6: The Hindenburg disaster occurs.

File:Golden Gate Bridge 0002.jpg

May 27: The Golden Gate Bridge opens.

  • May
    • The Dáil Éireann passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, retrospectively dated to December 1936.
    • 17 million unemployed in the USA.
  • May 1 – A general strike occurs in Paris, France.
  • May 6Hindenburg disaster: In the United States, the German airship Hindenburg bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey. Of the 36 passengers and 61 crew on board, 13 passengers and 22 crew die, as well as one member of the ground crew.
  • May 7Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion Fighter Group, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.
  • May 8: Wydad Casablanca team (abbreviated WAC)(Arabic: نادي الوداد الرياضي / Berber : Wydad Dar al-Beida team) commonly known as Wydad al ouma is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca, Morocco, best known for its football casablanca team.
  • May 12 – The coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth takes place at Westminster Abbey, London.
  • May 21
    • A Soviet station becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean.
    • As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of Italian viceroy Rodolfo Graziani, a detachment of Italian troops massacres the entire community of Debre Libanos, killing 297 monks and 23 laymen.
  • May 27 – In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County. The next day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt pushes a button in Washington, D.C., signaling the start of vehicle traffic over the bridge.
  • May 28Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  • May 28 – In Germany Volkswagen Group is founded, to build a "people's car". A new town is set to be created to house the thousands of workers who will be involved in the production of the car.
  • May 30
    • Spanish Civil War: Spanish ship Ciudad de Barcelona is torpedoed.
    • The Chicago Police Department shoot and kill ten unarmed demonstrators in Chicago in what is known as the Memorial Day massacre.

June[]

File:Fortuna Wheel.jpg

June 8: Carl Orff's Carmina Burana premieres in Frankfurt, Germany.

  • June 3Wallis Simpson marries The Duke of Windsor (the former Edward VIII), in France.
  • June 8
    • The first total solar eclipse to exceed seven minutes of totality in over 800 years, is visible in the Pacific and Peru.
    • Carl Orff's Carmina Burana premieres in Frankfurt, Germany.
  • June 14Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
  • June 21 – The coalition government of Léon Blum resigns in France.
  • June – Picasso completes his painting Guernica.
  • June/July – The Dáil Éireann debates and passes the draft new Constitution of Ireland, which is then submitted for public approval by plebiscite.

July[]

File:Earhart.jpg

July 2: Amelia Earhart disappears from New Guinea.

File:Diagram of the 1937 Fox vault fire.jpg

July 9: The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed by the 1937 Fox vault fire.

  • July 1
    • The Gestapo arrests pastor Martin Niemöller in Germany.
    • In a referendum the people of the Irish Free State accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945.
    • First alleged sighting of the White River Monster.
  • July 2
    • Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappear after taking off from New Guinea during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world.
    • A guard takes his place at the Tomb of the Unknowns in Washington, D.C.; continuous guard has been maintained there ever since.
  • July 4The Lost Colony historical drama is first performed at an outdoor theater in the location where it is set, Roanoke Island, North Carolina.
  • July 5
    • The canned precooked meat product Spam is introduced by the Hormel company in the United States
    • The highest recorded temperature in Canada, at Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan, is 45 °C (113 °F).
  • July 7
    • Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge (aka Marco Polo Bridge Incident): Japanese forces invade China (often seen as the beginning of World War II in Asia).
    • Peel Commission proposes partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states.[2][3]
  • July 9 – The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed by the 1937 Fox vault fire.
  • July 11 – American popular composer George Gershwin dies in Los Angeles of a brain tumor, age 38.
  • July 20 – The Geibeltbad Pirna is opened in Dresden, Germany.
  • July 21Éamon de Valera is elected President of the Executive Council (prime minister) of the Irish Free State by the Dáil (parliament).
  • July 22New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
  • July 24Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called Scottsboro Boys.
  • July 2531Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin, resulting in Japanese victory.
  • July 28 – The Irish Republican Army attempts the assassination by bomb of George VI in Belfast.
  • July 29Tungchow Mutiny: units of the East Hopei Army mutiny and kill Japanese troops and civilians in Tōngzhōu.
  • July 31NKVD operative order 00447 «Об операции по репрессированию бывших кулаков, уголовников и других антисоветских элементов» ("The operation for repression of former kulaks, criminals and other anti-Soviet elements") is approved by the Politburo of the Soviet Union, initially as a 4-month plan for 75,950 people to be executed and an additional 193,000 to be sent to the Gulag.

August[]

File:Dean Franklin - 06.04.03 Mount Rushmore Monument (by-sa)-3 new.jpg

September 17: Lincoln's head is dedicated at Mount Rushmore.

File:To Have and Have Note (Hemmingway novel) 1st edition cover.jpg

October 15: To Have and Have Not is published in the US.

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December 21: Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is released, the first full-length traditional-animated feature film, the first Disney film, and the first film to feature a Disney Princess. The top image shows the Seven Dwarfs sing "Heigh-Ho" while walking on a log. The second top image shows Walt Disney introducing the Seven Dwarfs in the trailer. The middle image is Snow White, while the bottom images are the trailers.
  • August 2 – The Marihuana Tax Act[4] in the United States is a significant bill on the path that will lead to the criminalization of cannabis. It was introduced to U.S. Congress by Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger.
  • August 5 – The Soviet Union commences one of the largest campaigns of the Great Purge, to "eliminate anti-Soviet elements." Within the following year, at least 724,000 people are killed[citation needed] on order of the troikas, directed by Joseph Stalin. This is an offensive that targets social classes (such as the kulaks), ethnic or racial backgrounds which are seen as non-Russian[citation needed] and Stalin's personal opponents from the Communist Party and their sympathizers.
  • August 6Spanish Civil War: Falangist artillery bombards Madrid.
  • August 8 – Japan occupies Beijing.
  • August 13Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Shanghai opens.
  • August 26Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese aircraft attack the car carrying the ambassador of Great Britain during a raid on Shanghai.

September[]

  • September 2 – The Great Hong Kong Typhoon kills an estimated 11,000 persons.
  • September 5Spanish Civil War: The city of Llanes falls to the Falangists.
  • September 7CBS broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the Hollywood Bowl. Many celebrities appear, including Oscar Levant, Fred Astaire, Otto Klemperer, Lily Pons and members of the original cast of Porgy and Bess. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on CD. The Los Angeles Philharmonic is the featured orchestra.
  • September 10 – Nine nations meet in the Nyon Conference, led by the United Kingdom and France, to address international piracy in the Mediterranean.
  • September 17Abraham Lincoln's head is dedicated at Mount Rushmore.
  • September 19 – Swiss professional ice hockey club HC Ambrì-Piotta founded.
  • September 21 – George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London publishes the first edition of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit.
  • September 25Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Pingxingguan: The Communist Chinese National Revolutionary Army defeats the Japanese.
  • September 27 – The last Bali tiger dies.[5]

October[]

  • October 1
    • The Marihuana Tax Act becomes law in the United States.
    • U.S. Supreme Court associate justice Hugo Black, in a nationwide radio broadcast, refutes allegations of past involvement in the Ku Klux Klan.
  • October 28Parsley Massacre: Under the orders of President Rafael Trujillo, Dominican troops kill thousands of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic.
  • October 3Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese troops advance toward Nanking.
  • October 5Roosevelt gives his famous Quarantine Speech in Chicago.
  • October 9Jimmie Angel lands his plane on top of Devil's Mountain; however, the plane gets damaged and he has to trek through the rainforest for help.
  • October 13 – Germany, in a note to Brussels, guarantees the inviolability and integrity of Belgium so long as the latter abstains from military action against Germany.
  • October 15Ernest Hemingway's novel To Have and Have Not is first published, in the United States.
  • October 18October 21Spanish Civil War: The whole Spanish northern seaboard falls into the Falangists' hands; Republican forces in Gijón, Spain, set fire to petrol reserves prior to retreating before the advancing Falangists.
  • October 25Celâl Bayar forms the new (ninth) government of Turkey.

November[]

  • November 3Maurice J. Tobin resoundingly defeats former governor and mayor James Michael Curley in Boston's mayoral election.
  • November 5
    • Spanish Civil War – 35,000 Republican supporters are massacred in Piedrafita de Babia, near León.
    • World War II: In the Reich Chancellery, Adolf Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people (recorded in the Hossbach Memorandum).
  • November 6 – Italy joins the Anti-Comintern Pact.
  • November 9Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese troops take Shanghai.
  • November 10 – Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas announces the Estado Novo ("New State"), thence becoming dictator of Brazil until 1945.
  • November 11 – The Kogushi sulfur mine collapse, in western Gunma, Japan, kills at least 245 people.

December[]

  • December 4The Dandy comic is first published in Scotland; it will still be running as of 2011.
  • December 11 – Italy withdraws from the League of Nations.
  • December 12
    • USS Panay incident: Japanese bombers sink the American gunboat USS Panay.
    • Mae West makes a risqué guest appearance on NBC's Chase and Sanborn Hour, which eventually results in her being banned from radio.
  • December 13Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Nanking ends with the Japanese occupying the city. In the Nanking Massacre which follows, Japanese soldiers kill over 300,000 Chinese in 3 months.
  • December 16 – The original production of the musical Me and My Girl opens at the West End Victoria Palace Theatre in London. A later revival of this musical would win an award.
  • December 21Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first feature-length traditionally animated film, premieres in selected theaters.
  • December 25 – At the age of 70, legendary conductor Arturo Toscanini conducts the NBC Symphony Orchestra on radio for the first time, beginning his successful 17-year tenure with that orchestra. This first concert consists of music by Vivaldi (at a time when he is seldom played), Mozart, and Brahms. Millions tune in to listen, including U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
  • December 29 – The new Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann) comes into force. The Irish Free State becomes "Ireland", and Éamon de Valera becomes the first Taoiseach (prime minister) of the new state. A Presidential Commission (made up the Chief Justice, the Speaker of Dáil Éireann, and the President of the High Court) assumes the powers of the new presidency, pending the popular election of the first President of Ireland in June 1938. The new constitution prohibits divorce.

Date unknown[]

  • Switzerland begins construction of its Border Line defences.
  • The Vibora Luviminda trades union's sugar plantation strike on Maui island, Hawaii.
  • Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of transorbital lobotomy.
  • John Steinbeck's novella of the Great Depression Of Mice and Men is published in the United States.
  • Napoleon Hill's self-help book Think and Grow Rich is published in the United States.
  • Soviet industry produces about four times as much as it had in 1928.

Births[]

January[]

File:Vanessa Redgrave (2011) cropped.jpg

Vanessa Redgrave

File:Ange-Félix Patassé.jpg

Ange-Felix Patasse

  • January 1Anne Aubrey, British actress
  • January 4
    • Grace Bumbry, American opera singer
    • Dyan Cannon, American actress
  • January 6
    • Paolo Conte, Italian singer, pianist and composer
    • Underwood Dudley, American mathematician
  • January 8 – Dame Shirley Bassey, Welsh singer
  • January 13
    • George Reisman, American economist
    • Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu
  • January 14
    • Ken Higgs, English cricketer
    • Leo Kadanoff, American physicist (d. 2015)
  • January 15Margaret O'Brien, American child actress
  • January 16Francis George, American cardinal (d. 2015)
  • January 18
  • January 19Giovanna Marini, Italian singer-songwriter
  • January 21Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria, heir to the Bavarian Royal House
  • January 22Joseph Wambaugh, American author
  • January 25Ange-Félix Patassé, 5th President of Central African Republic (d. 2011)
  • January 27John Ogdon, English pianist (d. 1989)
  • January 29Bobby Scott, American musician, producer and songwriter (d. 1990)
  • January 30
    • Vanessa Redgrave, British actress
    • Boris Spassky, Russian chess grandmaster
  • January 31
    • Philip Glass, American composer
    • Suzanne Pleshette, American actress (d. 2008)

February[]

File:Gaston Roelants 1968.jpg

Gaston Roelants

File:Rupiah Banda.jpg

Rupiah Banda

File:King Harald V of Norway Trondheim2010- 1.jpg

Harald V of Norway

File:Tom Courtenay Berlin 2015.jpg

Tom Courtenay

  • February 1
    • Don Everly, American rock 'n' roll musician
    • Garrett Morris, American comedian
  • February 2
    • Remak Ramsay, American actor
    • Tom Smothers, American musician and comedian
    • Eric Arturo Delvalle, Panamanian lawyer (d. 2015)
  • February 3Billy Meier, Swiss Prophet
  • February 4Magnar Solberg, Norwegian biathlete
  • February 5Gaston Roelants, Belgian Olympic athlete
  • February 8
    • Manfred Krug, German actor and singer
    • Harry Wu, Chinese Human Rights activist (d. 2016)
  • February 9
    • Francis William Lawvere, American mathematician
    • Robert "Bilbo" Walker Jr., American blues guitarist
  • February 10Anne Anderson, Scottish physiologist (d. 1983)
  • February 11Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer
  • February 12Charles Dumas, American athlete (d. 2004)
  • February 13Rupiah Banda, 4th President of Zambia
  • February 14Magic Sam, American musician (d. 1969)
  • February 17Mary Ann Mobley, American actress; Miss America 1959 (d. 2014)
  • February 20
    • Robert Huber, German chemist; Nobel Prize laureate
    • George Leonardos, Greek journalist and author
    • Roger Penske, American race car driver
    • Nancy Wilson, American singer
  • February 21
    • Ron Clarke, Australian runner (d. 2015)
    • King Harald V of Norway
  • February 25
    • Sir Tom Courtenay, English actor
    • Bob Schieffer, American television journalist

March[]

File:Bouteflika (Algiers, Feb 2006).jpeg

Abdelaziz Bouteflika

File:Olusegun Obasanjo 2014.jpg

Olusegun Obasanjo

File:Warren Beatty - 1975.JPG

Warren Beatty

  • March 2Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria
  • March 4
    • Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
    • Leslie H. Gelb, American foreign policy expert, President of the Council on Foreign Relations from 1993
    • Yuri Senkevich, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
    • Barney Wilen, French jazz saxophonist (d. 1996)
  • March 5Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria
  • March 6Valentina Tereshkova, Russian cosmonaut, first woman in space
  • March 8Juvénal Habyarimana, 3rd President of Rwanda (d. 1994)
  • March 9Harry Neale, Canadian ice hockey coach and broadcaster
  • March 14Benny Paret, Cuban welterweight boxer (d. 1962)
  • March 15Valentin Rasputin, Russian writer (d. 2015)
  • March 17Frank Calabrese, Sr., American gangster in the Chicago Outfit (d. 2012)
  • March 20Jerry Reed, American country musician (d. 2008)
  • March 22Armin Hary, German athlete
  • March 23
    • Craig Breedlove, American race car driver
    • Tony Burton, American actor and comedian (d. 2016)
  • March 27Thomas Aquinas Daly, American painter
  • March 30Warren Beatty, American actor and director

April[]

File:Colin Powell 2005.jpg

Colin Powell

File:PhilippinePresidentJosephEstrada.jpg

Joseph Estrada

File:Loz takei 2015 side.png

George Takei

File:JackNicholsonMar10.jpg

Jack Nicholson

File:Iraq, Saddam Hussein (222).jpg

Saddam Hussein

  • April 5Colin Powell, U.S. Secretary of State
  • April 6
    • Merle Haggard, American country musician (d. 2016)
    • Billy Dee Williams, American actor
  • April 9Valerie Singleton, English television presenter
  • April 10Bella Akhmadulina, Russian poet (d. 2010)
  • April 15Robert W. Gore, American inventor
  • April 16George "The Animal" Steele, American professional wrestler
  • April 17
    • Don Buchla, American electronic-instrument designer (d. 2016)
    • Ferdinand Piëch, Austrian engineer and business magnate
  • April 18Jan Kaplický, British architect of Czech origin (d. 2009)
  • April 19
    • Elinor Donahue, American actress
    • Joseph Estrada, Filipino actor and politician, 13th President of the Philippines
  • April 20George Takei, Japanese American actor, director and author
  • April 22Jack Nicholson, American film actor and director
  • April 26Jean-Pierre Beltoise, French race car driver (d. 2015)
  • April 27
    • Sandy Dennis, American actress (d. 1992)
    • Robin Eames, Anglican prelate; Northern Irish clergyman and peace activist
  • April 28Saddam Hussein, 5th President of Iraq (d. 2006)
  • April 29Jill Paton Walsh, English novelist

May[]

File:Tran Duc Luong, Nov 17, 2004.jpg

Tran Duc Luong

File:Jesus is coming.. Look Busy (George Carlin).jpg

George Carlin

File:Yvonne Craig Batgirl.JPG

Yvonne Craig

File:Mengistu Haile Mariam 3.jpg

Mengistu Haile Mariam

  • May 1Una Stubbs, British actress
  • May 2
    • Gisela Elsner, German writer (d. 1992)
    • Lorenzo Music, American voice actor (d. 2001)
  • May 3Hans Cieslarczyk, German football player
  • May 4Ron Carter, American jazz musician
  • May 5Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam
  • May 6Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, American boxer (d. 2014)
  • May 8
    • Carlos Gaviria Díaz, Colombian justice and politician
    • Thomas Pynchon, American writer
  • May 12George Carlin, American comedian (d. 2008)
  • May 13
    • Trevor Baylis, English inventor
    • Roch Carrier, Canadian writer
    • Roger Zelazny, American writer (d. 1995)
  • May 15
    • Madeleine Albright, U.S. Secretary of State
    • Trini Lopez, American musician
  • May 16Yvonne Craig, American actress (d. 2015)
  • May 17Hazel O'Leary, U.S. Secretary of Energy
  • May 18
    • Brooks Robinson, American baseball player
    • Jacques Santer, Luxembourg politician, President of the European Council
  • May 21
    • Sofiko Chiaureli, Georgian actress (d. 2008)
    • John Fairfax, British ocean rower (d. 2012)
    • Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia
  • May 22Facundo Cabral, Argentine singer (d. 2011)
  • May 24Roger Peterson, pilot who flew the plane on The Day the Music Died (d. 1959)

June[]

File:Morgan Freeman - Discovery Shoot (6559314831).jpg

Morgan Freeman

File:Simeon Sakskoburggotski.jpg

Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

File:Martti Ahtisaari.jpg

Martti Ahtisaari

  • June 1
    • Morgan Freeman, American actor
    • Rosaleen Linehan, Irish actress
    • Colleen McCullough, Australian author (d. 2015)
  • June 2Sally Kellerman, American actress
  • June 3
    • Phyllis Baker, American professional baseball player (d. 2006)
    • Crawford Hallock Greenewalt, Jr., American archaeologist (d. 2012)
    • Solomon P. Ortiz, U.S. congressman from Texas
  • June 4Gorilla Monsoon, American professional wrestler and announcer (d. 1999)
  • June 7
    • Neeme Järvi, Estonian conductor
    • Roberto Blanco, German singer
  • June 8Toni Harper, American child singer
  • June 9Harald Rosenthal, German biologist
  • June 10Luciana Paluzzi, Italian actress
  • June 11Robin Warren, Australian pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • June 15
    • Herbert Feuerstein, German cabarettist and entertainer
    • Waylon Jennings, American country singer (d. 2002)
    • Alan Thornett, British Trotskyist activist
  • June 16
    • Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 48th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001-2005).
    • Charmian May, British actress (d. 2002)
  • June 18
    • Wray Carlton, American football player
    • Vitaly Zholobov, Soviet cosmonaut
  • June 19André Glucksmann, French philosopher and author (d. 2015)
  • June 23Martti Ahtisaari, 10th President of Finland
  • June 25Keizō Obuchi, 54th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2000)
  • June 26Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
  • June 28Ron Luciano, American baseball umpire and writer (d. 1995)

July[]

File:US Navy 100915-N-4790M-040 Lanier Phillips, left, Bill Cosby and Ed LeBaron pose for a picture before receiving the Lone Sailor Award at the Nation (cropped to Cosby).jpg

Bill Cosby

File:Yoshiro Mori cropped 3 Tim Hitchens and Yoshiro Mori 20150623.jpg

Yoshiro Mori

File:Hashimoto meets Cohen cropped.jpg

Ryutaro Hashimoto

  • July 2Richard Petty, seven-time NASCAR Winston Cup champion
  • July 4
    • Sonja Haraldsen, Queen of Norway and wife to King Harald V of Norway
    • Wolf von Lojewski, German television journalist
  • July 6
    • Vladimir Ashkenazy, Russian pianist
    • Ned Beatty, American actor
    • Michael Sata, Zambian president (d. 2014)
  • July 7Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong administrator
  • July 9David Hockney, English-born artist
  • July 12
    • Bill Cosby, American actor and comedian
    • Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France
  • July 14Yoshirō Mori, 55th Prime Minister of Japan
  • July 18
    • Roald Hoffmann, Polish-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • Hunter S. Thompson, American author and journalist (d. 2005)
  • July 20
    • Dick Hafer, American Christian cartoonist (d. 2003)
    • Ken Ogata, Japanese actor (d. 2008)
  • July 27
    • Anna Dawson, British actress
    • Don Galloway, American actor (d. 2009)
  • July 29
    • Ryutaro Hashimoto, 53rd Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2006)
    • Daniel McFadden, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

August[]

File:Dustin Hoffman Quartet avp 5.jpg

Dustin Hoffman

File:Gustavo noboa retrato.png

Gustavo Noboa

File:Francesco Musso 1960.jpg

Francesco Musso

  • August 2Coenraad Bron, Dutch computer scientist (d. 2006)
  • August 4David Bedford, American musician (d. 2011)
  • August 5Herb Brooks, American hockey coach (d. 2003)
  • August 6Barbara Windsor, English actress
  • August 8Dustin Hoffman, American actor
  • August 14Alberta Nelson, American actress (d. 2006)
  • August 16
    • David Anderson, Canadian politician
    • Ian Deans, Canadian politician (d. 2016)
  • August 18
    • Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Chadian politician and former Prime Minister
    • Willie Rushton, English comedian and cartoonist (d. 1996)
  • August 20
    • Jim Bowen, English stand-up comedian and TV personality
    • Jean-Louis Petit, French composer, conductor and organist
  • August 21
    • Donald Dewar, First Minister of Scotland (d. 2000)
    • Robert Stone, American novelist
    • Chuck Traynor, American pornographer (d. 2002)
    • Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador
  • August 22Francesco Musso, Italian Olympic boxer
  • August 26
    • Kenji Utsumi, Japanese voice actor and actor (d. 2013)
    • Gennady Yanayev, former Soviet leader (d. 2010)
  • August 27Alice Coltrane, American jazz harpist, organist, pianist and composer (d. 2007)
  • August 29James Florio, Governor of New Jersey
  • August 30Bruce McLaren, Founder of McLaren Racing (d. 1970)
  • August 31Bobby Parker, American rock musician (d. 2013)

September[]

File:Dawn Fraser 1958.jpg

Dawn Fraser

File:William Devane 1974.JPG

William Devane

  • September 4
    • Dawn Fraser, Australian swimmer
    • Mikk Mikiver, Estonian actor and director (d. 2006)
  • September 5William Devane, American actor
  • September 6
    • Kirtanananda Swami Bhaktipada (Keith Gordon Ham), American-born Hare Krishna guru (d. 2011)
    • Jo Anne Worley, American comedian
  • September 7
    • Cüneyt Arkın, Turkish film actor
    • John Phillip Law, American actor (d. 2008)
  • September 10Tommy Overstreet, American country singer (d. 2015)
  • September 11Paola Ruffo di Calabria, Italian-born Queen of the Belgians
  • September 13Don Bluth, American director, producer
  • September 15
    • Jean-Claude Decaux, French advertising executive (d. 2016)
    • King Curtis Iaukea, American professional wrestler (d. 2010)
    • Robert Lucas, Jr., American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina
  • September 16Keith Bosley, British broadcaster, poet and translator
  • September 17
    • Orlando Cepeda, Puerto Rican baseball player
    • Ilarion Ionescu-Galați, Romanian conductor
  • September 19Abner Haynes, American football player
  • September 26Jerry Weintraub, American film producer and talent agent (d. 2015)
  • September 28Rod Roddy, American television announcer (d. 2003)

October[]

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  • October 2Johnnie Cochran, American attorney (d. 2005)
  • October 4
    • Jackie Collins, English author (d. 2015)
    • Franz Vranitzky, former Chancellor of Austria
  • October 5Barry Switzer, American football coach
  • October 11Bobby Charlton, English footballer
  • October 15Linda Lavin, American actress (Alice)
  • October 17Paxton Whitehead, English actor
  • October 20Juan Marichal, Dominican baseball player
  • October 23Carlos Lamarca, Brazilian military turned guerrilla leader (d. 1971)
  • October 24
    • John Goetz, American professional baseball player (d. 2008)
    • M. Rosaria Piomelli, born Agrisano, Italian-born American architect
  • October 28Lenny Wilkens, American basketball player and coach
  • October 31Tom Paxton, American folk singer-songwriter

November[]

File:Loretta Swit.jpg

Loretta Swit

File:Marlo Thomas 2008.jpg

Marlo Thomas

File:Ridley Scott by Gage Skidmore.jpg

Ridley Scott

  • November 1
    • "Whisperin" Bill Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter and game show host
    • Witta Pohl, German actress (d. 2011)
  • November 2Earl Carroll, American lead vocalist for The Cadillacs (d. 2012)
  • November 4
    • Michael Wilson, Canadian politician and diplomat
    • Loretta Swit, American actress
  • November 5
    • Chan Sek Keong, third Chief Justice of Singapore
    • Harris Yulin, American actor
  • November 6Joe Warfield, American actor
  • November 8Paul Foot, British journalist (d. 2004)
  • November 10Zdeněk Zikán, Czech football player (d. 2013)
  • November 11Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat
  • November 15Yaphet Kotto, American actor
  • November 17
    • Peter Cook, English comedian and writer (d. 1995)
    • Manuel Félix López, Ecuadorian politician (d. 2004)
  • November 20Ruth Laredo, American pianist (d. 2005)
  • November 21
    • Ingrid Pitt, Polish-born British actress (d. 2010)
    • Marlo Thomas, American actress, producer, and social activist
  • November 26Boris Yegorov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1994)
  • November 30Ridley Scott, British film director

December[]

File:Ministru prezidenta tikšanās ar eksprezidenti (4108711953).jpg

Vaira Vike-Freiberga

File:Jane Fonda Cannes 2015.jpg

Jane Fonda

File:Maumoon-Abdul-Gayoom.jpg

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

File:AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg

Anthony Hopkins

  • December 1
    • Chuck Low, American actor
    • Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, 7th President of Latvia
  • December 3Bobby Allison, American race car driver
  • December 7Kenneth Colley, British actor
  • December 8
    • Michael Bowen, American artist (d. 2009)
    • James MacArthur, American actor (d. 2010)
    • Arne Næss, Jr., Norwegian mountaineer and businessman (d. 2004)
  • December 9Darwin Joston, American actor (d. 1998)
  • December 11Jim Harrison, American writer
  • December 12Willie Stokes, American mobster (d. 1986)
  • December 17Kerry Packer, Australian businessman (d. 2005)
  • December 21Jane Fonda, American actress and social activist
  • December 26Professor John Horton Conway, mathematician
  • December 28Ratan Tata, Indian industrialist
  • December 29
    • Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
    • Dieter Thomas Heck, German television presenter, singer and actor
    • Barbara Steele, British actress
  • December 30
    • Gordon Banks, English footballer
    • John Hartford, American musician and composer (d. 2001)
    • Jim Marshall, American football player
    • Noel Paul Stookey, American singer (Peter, Paul and Mary)
    • Zaldy Zshornack, Filipino actor (d. 2002)
  • December 31

Date unknown[]

  • Cathie Jung, owner of the smallest waist on a living person (measuring just 15 in.).

Deaths[]

January[]

File:Brother-andre.jpg

Saint Andre Bessette

  • January 1Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian spiritual teacher (b. 1874)
  • January 2Ross Alexander, American actor (b. 1907)
  • January 4Paul Behncke, German admiral (b. 1869)
  • January 6André Bessette, Canadian religious leader (b. 1845)
  • January 12Martin Johnson, American adventurer and documentary filmmaker (plane crash) (b. 1884)
  • January 17Richard Boleslavsky, Polish film director (b. 1889)
  • January 21Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (b. 1896)

February[]

March[]

File:H. P. Lovecraft, June 1934.jpg

H. P. Lovecraft

  • March 8Howie Morenz, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
  • March 9Paul Elmer More, American critic and essayist (b. 1864)
  • March 11Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist, founder of Texaco (b. 1860)
  • March 12Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (b. 1840)
  • March 15H. P. Lovecraft, American writer (b. 1890)
  • March 17Austen Chamberlain, English statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1863)
  • March 20Harry Vardon, English golf professional (b. 1870)
  • March 22
    • Alfred Dyke Acland, British military officer (b. 1858)
    • Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford, English aviator and ornithologist (plane crash) (b. 1865)
  • March 25John Drinkwater, English poet and dramatist (b. 1882)
  • March 29Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (b. 1882)

April[]

File:NoelRosa.gif

Noel Rosa

  • April 10Ralph Ince, American film director (b. 1887)
  • April 14Ned Hanlon, American baseball manager and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1857)
  • April 16Jay Johnson Morrow, American military engineer and politician, 3rd Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (b. 1870)
  • April 19William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (b. 1856)
  • April 19William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist (b. 1865)
  • April 21Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (b. 1913)
  • April 22Arthur Edmund Carewe, Armenian-American actor (b. 1884)
  • April 24Lucy Beaumont, English actress (b. 1873)
  • April 25Michał Drzymała, Polish rebel (b. 1857)
  • April 27Antonio Gramsci, Italian Communist writer and politician (b. 1891)
  • April 29
    • William Gillette, American actor (b. 1853)
    • Wallace Carothers, American chemist, inventor of nylon (b. 1896)

May[]

File:John D. Rockefeller 1885.jpg

John D. Rockefeller

  • May 1Snitz Edwards, Hungarian actor (b. 1868)
  • May 4Noel Rosa, Brazilian songwriter (b. 1910)
  • May 6 – 36 victims of the LZ 129 Hindenburg disaster.
  • May 23John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1839)
  • May 24Luis F. Álvarez, Spanish American physician (b. 1853)
  • May 25Henry Ossawa Tanner, American Artist (b. 1859)
  • May 28Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (b. 1870)

June[]

File:Borden-sm.jpg

Robert Laird Borden

File:James Matthew Barrie00.jpg

J. M. Barrie

  • June 2Louis Vierne, French composer (b. 1870)
  • June 3Emilio Mola, Spanish Nationalist commander (plane crash) (b. 1887)
  • June 7Jean Harlow, American film actress (b. 1911)
  • June 10Robert Laird Borden, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
  • June 12Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Soviet Army officer and Red Army commander-in-chief (executed) (b. 1893)
  • June 18Gaston Doumergue, 13th President of France (b. 1863)
  • June 19J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and dramatist (b. 1860)
  • June 25Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900)

July[]

File:George Gershwin 1937.jpg

George Gershwin

File:Guglielmo Marconi.jpg

Guglielmo Marconi

  • July 2Amelia Earhart, American aviator (missing on this date) (b. 1897)
  • July 9Oliver Law, American labor organizer and Army officer (killed in battle) (b. 1899)
  • July 11George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
  • July 13Victor Laloux, French architect (b. 1850)
  • July 18Julian Bell, English poet (killed in battle) (b. 1908)
  • July 20Guglielmo Marconi, Italian-born inventor (b. 1874)

August[]

  • August 6F. C. S. Schiller, German-British philosopher (b. 1864)
  • August 11Edith Wharton, American writer (b. 1862)
  • August 27Andrew W. Mellon, American banker and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1855)
  • August 30Tomás António Garcia Rosado, Portuguese general (b. 1854)

September[]

File:Pierre de Coubertin Anefo2.jpg

Pierre de Coubertin

October[]

File:Ernest Rutherford LOC.jpg

Ernest Rutherford

November[]

File:Ramsay MacDonald ggbain 35734.jpg

Ramsay MacDonald

  • November 6Johnston Forbes-Robertson, British stage actor (b. 1853)
  • November 9Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866)
  • November 11Uryū Sotokichi, Japanese admiral (b. 1857)
  • November 13 – Caroline Louise Dudley (aka Mrs. Leslie Carter), stage & screen actress (b. 1862)
  • November 23Miklós Kovács Hungarian Slovene writer (b. 1857)
  • November 17Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1860)
  • November 23
    • Jagadish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (b. 1858)
    • George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (b. 1858)
  • November 25Raymond Stanton Patton, American admiral and engineer, second Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (b. 1882)
  • November 27Wilhelm Weinberg, German physician (b. 1862)

December[]

File:Prosper poullet.jpg

Prosper Poullet

File:Maurice Ravel 1925.jpg

Maurice Ravel

  • December 3Prosper Poullet, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1868)
  • December 8Hans Molisch, Czech-Austrian botanist (b. 1856)
  • December 9Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
  • December 12Alfred Abel, German actor (b. 1879)
  • December 20Erich Ludendorff, German general (b. 1865)
  • December 21
    • Ted Healy, American actor (b. 1896)
    • Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1856)
  • December 25Newton D. Baker, United States Secretary of War (b. 1871)
  • December 28
    • Herbert Bullmore, Scottish Rugby Union international, grandfather of Kerry Packer (b. 1874)
    • Maurice Ravel, French composer (Bolero) (b. 1875)
  • December 30Hans Niels Andersen, Danish businessman, founder of the East Asiatic Company (b. 1852)
  • The 300,000 Chinese in Nanking, the Capital of China.

Nobel Prizes[]

References[]

  1. Journalist George Steer's report to The Times (London) connects Germany with the attack.
  2. League of Nations Mandates - Palestine: Report of the Palestine Royal Commission. July 1937. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
  3. Schechtman, Joseph B. (1949). Population Transfers in Asia. New York: Hallsby Press. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
  4. Pub. 238, 75th Congress, 50 Stat. 551. Subsequently commonly referred to using the modern spelling as the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.
  5. Loadstar. "The Balinese Tiger".

Links[]

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