1906

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Events

January–February

January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: a nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah to grant a constitution and establish a national assembly, the Majlis.
January 16–April 7 – Algeciras Conference to resolve the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany.
January 22 – The Template:SS strikes a reef off Vancouver Island, Canada, killing over 100 (officially 136) in the ensuing disaster.
January 31 – Ecuador–Colombia earthquake (8.8 on the Moment magnitude scale) and associated tsunami.
February 10 – Template:HMS is launched and sparks the naval race between Britain and Germany.
February 11 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer Nos denouncing the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State.
February 11 – Two British £1-per-head tax collectors are killed near Richmond, Natal, sparking the Bambatha Rebellion.^[1]

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January 31: Ecuador earthquake (8.6).

March–April

March 10 – Courrières mine disaster: an explosion in a coal mine in France kills 1,060.
March 18 – In France, Romanian inventor Traian Vuia becomes the first person to achieve an unassisted takeoff in a heavier-than-air powered monoplane, but it is incapable of sustained flight.
April 7 – Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.
April 14 – The Azusa Street Revival, the primary catalyst for the revival of Pentecostalism this century, opens in Los Angeles.
April 18 – San Francisco earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.8) on the San Andreas Fault destroys much of San Francisco, California, USA, killing at least 3,000, with 225,000–300,000 left homeless, and $350 million in damages.
April 23 – In Tsarist Russia, the Fundamental Laws are announced at the first state Duma.

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The ruins of San Francisco following the April 18 earthquake and later fires

May–June

May – Jack London's novel White Fang begins serialization in the American magazine Outing.
May 29 – Karl Staaff steps down as Prime Minister of Sweden over the issue of expanded voting rights. He is replaced by the right-wing naval officer and public official, Arvid Lindman .
June 7 – Cunard liner Template:RMS is launched in Glasgow as the world's largest ship.

July–August

July 1 – Sporting Lisbon, as well known football club in Portugal, founded.Template:Citation need
July 6 – The Second Geneva Convention meets.
July 12 – Alfred Dreyfus is exonerated. He is reinstalled in the French Army on July 21, thus ending the Dreyfus affair.
August 4 – The first Imperial German Navy submarine, U-1, is launched.
August 16 – A magnitude 8.2 earthquake in Valparaíso, Chile leaves approximately 20,000 dead.
August 22 – The first Victor Victrola, a phonographic record player, is manufactured.
August 23 – Unable to control a rebellion Cuban President Tomás Estrada Palma requests United States intervention. The subsequent provisional occupation administration lasts until 1909.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

September–October

September 11 – Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha to characterize the Non-Violence movement in South Africa.
September 18 – A typhoon and tsunami kill an estimated 10,000 in Hong Kong.^[2]
September 30 – The first Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning is held, starting in Paris. The winning team, piloting the balloon United States, lands in Fylingdales, Yorkshire, England.
October 1 – The Grand Duchy of Finland becomes the first nation to include the right of women to stand as candidates when it adopts universal suffrage.
October 6 – The Majlis of Iran convenes for the first time.
October 11 – A United States diplomatic crisis with Japan arises when the San Francisco public school board orders Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
October 16 – Imposter Wilhelm Voigt impersonates a Prussian officer and takes over the city hall in Köpenick for a short time.
October 23 – An aeroplane of Alberto Santos-Dumont takes off at Bagatelle in France and flies 60 meters (200 feet). This is the first officially recorded powered flight in Europe.
October 28 – The Union Minière du Haut Katanga, a Belgian mining trust, is created in the Congo.

November–December

November 3 – SOS becomes an international distress signal.
November 22 – Russian Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin introduces agrarian reforms aimed at creating a large class of land-owning peasants.
December 4 – Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity forms at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. The first Black Greek-lettered collegiate order of its kind.
December 24 – Reginald Fessenden makes the first radio broadcast: a poetry reading, a violin solo, and a speech.
December 26 – The world's first feature film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, is released.

Date unknown

The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunization for tuberculosis is first developed.
Richard Oldham argues that the Earth has a molten interior.
Construction begins on the current Great Mosque of Djenné.
The Simplo Filler Pen company is founded, later to become the Montblanc company.

Births

January–February

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Puyi, Last Emperor of China

January 6 – Walter Battiss, South African artist (d. 1982)
January 11 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist (d. 2008)
January 13 – Zhou Youguang, Chinese linguist
January 14 – William Bendix, American film, radio, and television actor (d. 1964)
January 15 – Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (d. 1975)
January 21 – Igor Moiseyev, Russian choreographer (d. 2007)
January 22 – Robert E. Howard, American author (d. 1936)
February 4
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German religious leader and resistance leader (d. 1945)
- Clyde Tombaugh, American astronomer (d. 1997)
February 5 – John Carradine, American actor (d. 1988)
February 7
- Puyi, Last Emperor of China (d. 1967)
- Oleg Antonov, Soviet aircraft designer (d. 1984)
February 8 – Chester Carlson, American physicist and inventor (d. 1968)
February 10
- Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (d. 1973)
- Erik Rhodes, American actor and singer (d. 1990)
February 17 – Mary Brian, American actress (d. 2002)
February 18 – Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician (d. 1980)
February 22 – Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt, Danish actor (d. 1982)
February 26 – Madeleine Carroll, British actress (d. 1987)
February 28 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (d. 1947)

March–April

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Samuel Beckett

March 1 – Phạm Văn Đồng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2000)
March 6 – Lou Costello, American actor (d. 1959)
March 7 – Elmar Lipping, Estonian statesman and soldier (d. 1994)
March 8 – Victor Hasselblad, Swedish inventor and photographer (d. 1978)
March 12 – Yin Shun, Chinese Buddhist master (d. 2005)
March 16 – Francisco Ayala, Spanish writer (d. 2009)
March 17 – Brigitte Helm, German film actress (d. 1996)
March 19
- Adolf Eichmann, German war criminal (d. 1962)
- Roy Roberts, American actor (d. 1975)
March 21 – Jim Thompson, American businessman (disappeared 1967)
March 25 – A. J. P. Taylor, English historian (d. 1990)
March 26
- Rafael Méndez, Mexican trumpet player (d. 1981)
- Ronald Urquhart, British general (d. 1968)
March 31 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1979)
April 1 – Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Russian engineer and airplane designer (d. 1989)
April 4 – Bea Benaderet, American actress (d. 1968)
April 6 – Luis Alberti, Dominican Republic musician (d. 1976)
April 9 – Antal Doráti, Hungarian conductor (d. 1988)
April 13 – Samuel Beckett, Irish writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1989)
April 22 – Eddie Albert, American actor (d. 2005)
April 24 – William Joyce, Irish-American World War II Nazi propaganda broadcaster ("Lord Haw-Haw") (d. 1946)
April 25
- Joel Brand, Hungarian rescue worker (d. 1964)
- William J. Brennan Jr., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1997)
- A. W. Haydon, American inventor (d. 1982)
April 28
- Kurt Gödel, Austrian logician, mathematician, and philosopher of mathematics (d. 1978)
- Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (d. 1999)

May–June

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Roberto Rossellini

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Ernst Boris Chain

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Josephine Baker

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Maria Goeppert-Mayer

May 2 – Philippe Halsman, Latvian-born American photographer (d. 1979)
May 3 – Mary Astor, American actress and writer (d. 1987)
May 6 – André Weil, French mathematician (d. 1998)
May 7 – Jon Lormer, American actor (d. 1986)
May 8 – Roberto Rossellini, Italian director (d. 1977)
May 11
- Jacqueline Cochran, American aviator (d. 1980)
- Richard Arvine Overton, oldest surviving American veteran (World War II)
- Ethel Weed, American promoter of Japanese women's rights (d. 1975)
May 15 – Humberto Delgado, Portuguese general and politician (d. 1965)
May 16 – Arturo Uslar Pietri, Venezuelan writer (d. 2001)
May 19
- Bruce Bennett, American athlete and actor (d. 2007)
- Jimmy MacDonald, Scottish-American sound effects artist, voice actor (d. 1991)
May 20 – Giuseppe Siri, Italilan Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1989)
May 23 – Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (d. 1944)
May 27 – Buddhadasa, Buddhist monk (d. 1993)
May 29 – T. H. White, British writer (d. 1964)
May 30 – Bruno Gröning, German faith healer (d. 1959)
June 3 – Josephine Baker, American-born French entertainer (d. 1975)
June 4 – Ivan Knunyants, Soviet chemist (d. 1990)
June 6 – Max August Zorn, German-born American mathematician (d. 1993)
June 12 – Sandro Penna, Italian poet (d. 1977)
June 15 – Léon Degrelle, Belgian fascist (d. 1994)
June 17 – James H. Flatley, American admiral and aviator (d. 1958)
June 19 – Ernst Boris Chain, German-born British biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1979)
June 22
- Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American author and aviator (d. 2001)
- Billy Wilder, Austrian-born American screenwriter, film director and producer (d. 2002)
June 24 – Pierre Fournier, French cellist (d. 1986)
June 28 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)