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1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1889th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 889th year of the , the 89th year of the , and the 10th and last year of the decade. As of the start of 1889, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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A total eclipse of the Sun is seen over parts of California and Nevada.
Wovoka experiences a vision leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas.
January 4 – An Act to Regulate Appointments in the Marine Hospital Service of the United States is signed by President Grover Cleveland. It establishes a Commissioned Corps of officers as a predecessor to the modern-day U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.
January 5 – Preston North End F.C. is declared the winner of the inaugural Football League in England.
January 8 – Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine in the United States.
January 22 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, D.C.
January 30 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria, and his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera commit a double suicide (or a murder suicide) in the Mayerling hunting lodge.
February 5 – The first issue of Glasgow University Magazine is published.
February 15 – The first issue of La Solidaridad is published.
February 11 – The Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted; the 1st Diet of Japan convenes in 1890.
March 4 – Benjamin Harrison is sworn in as President of the United States.
March 9 – Yohannes IV, Emperor of Ethiopia, is killed in the Battle of Metemma; Sudanese forces, who had been almost defeated, rally and destroy the Ethiopian army. Yohannes is probably the world's last ruler ever to die in battle. Menelik II proclaims himself as the successor on March 25.
March 11 – The North Carolina Legislature issues a charter for the creation of Elon College.
March 15 – Samoan crisis: German and American warships keep each other at bay in a standoff in Apia harbor, ending when a cyclone blows in and sinks them all.
March 23 – Claiming to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founds the Ahmadiyya Muslim community in Punjab Province (British India).
March 31 – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated (opens May 6). At 300 m, its height exceeds the previous tallest structure in the world by 130 m. Contemporary critics regard it as aesthetically displeasing.
April 20 – Adolf Hitler is born at Braunau am Inn in Austria-Hungary on the border with Bavaria, a town where his father Alois Hitler is a customs official.
April 22 – At high noon in Oklahoma Territory, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Rush of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed, with populations of at least 10,000.
May 2 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, signs a treaty of amity with Italy, giving Italy control over what will become Eritrea.
May 6 – The Exposition Universelle opens in Paris with the Eiffel Tower as its entrance arch. The Galerie des machines, at 111 m, spans the longest interior space in the world at this time.
May 11 – An attack upon a U.S. Army paymaster and escort results in the theft of over $28,000 and the award of two Medals of Honor.
Johnstown Flood: The South Fork Dam collapses in western Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people in and around Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
The Naval Defence Act dictates that the fleet strength of the British Royal Navy must be equal to that of at least any two other countries.[1]
June – Vincent van Gogh paints The Starry Night at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
June 3 – The first long distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
June 6 – The Great Seattle Fire ravages through the downtown area without any fatalities.
June 12 – The Armagh rail disaster near Armagh in the north of Ireland kills 80 people.
June 19 – A Neapolitan baker named Raffaele Esposito invents the Pizza Margherita, named after the queen consort of Italy Margherita of Savoy. This is the forerunner of the modern pizza.
June 29–30 – First Inter-Parliamentary Conference held.
The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published in New York City.
The last official bare-knuckle boxing title fight ever held (under London Prize Ring Rules) as Heavyweight Champion John L. Sullivan, the "Boston Strong Boy", defeats Jake Kilrain in a world championship bout lasting 75 rounds in Mississippi.
July 14 – International Workers Congresses of Paris open and establish the Second International.
July 31 – Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, marries Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife.
August 3 – Mahdist War: Egyptian and British victory at the Battle of Toski.
August 4 – The Great Fire of Spokane, Washington destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project.
August 10 – At the ViennaHofburg, the grand opening ceremony is held for the Imperial Natural History Museum (German: K.k. Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum), begun in 1871; from August 13 to the end of December, the museum counts 175,000 visitors.
August 14–September 15 – London Dock Strike: Dockers strike for a minimum wage of sixpence an hour ("The dockers' tanner"), which they eventually receive, a landmark in the development of New Unionism in Britain.[3]
August 26 – The Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act, commonly known as the Children's Charter, is passed in the United Kingdom; for the first time it imposes criminal penalties to deter child abuse.[4]
August 30 – Official opening of Royal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office in London.
August – The Jewish Settlement of Moisés Ville is founded in Argentina.
September 10 – Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi becomes Albert I, Prince of Monaco.
September 17 – Civil War veteran Charles Jefferson Wright founds New York Military Academy with 75 students on 30 acres (120,000 m2) of land in Cornwall, New York.
November 14 – Inspired by Jules Verne, pioneer woman journalist Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) begins an attempt to beat travel around the world in less than 80 days (Bly finishes the journey in 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes).
November 15 – Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca organizes a military coup which deposes Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and abolishes the Brazilian monarchy. Deodoro da Fonseca proclaims Brazil a Republic and forms a Provisional Government.
November 17 – The Brazilian Imperial Family is forced into exile in France.
November 19 – The modern-day flag of Brazil is adopted by the Provisional Government of the Republic.
An early method of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission as developed by the Swiss engineer René Thury[6] is implemented commercially in Italy by the Acquedotto de Ferrari-Galliera company. This system transmits 630 kW at 14 kV DC over a distance of 120 km.[7][8]
The Wisden Cricketers' Almanack publishes its first Wisden Cricketers of the Year (actually titled Six Great Bowlers Of The Year). The cricketers chosen are George Lohmann, Bobby Peel, Johnny Briggs, Charles Turner, John Ferris and Sammy Woods.
Frederick Abel invents cordite.
Influenza pandemic originates in Russia.
Yellow fever interrupts the building of the Panama Canal.
A huge locust swarm crosses the Red Sea and destroys crops in the Nile Valley.
August 5 – Conrad Aiken, American writer (d. 1973)
August 6 – George Kenney, World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d. 1977)
August 10 – Norman Scott, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1942)
August 11 – William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn Scottish psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and a central figure in the development of the object relations theory of psychoanalysis. (d. 1942)
August 12 – Zerna Sharp, American writer and educator (Dick and Jane) (d. 1981)
August 21 – Sir Richard O'Connor, British general in World War II (d. 1981)
August 29 – Joseph Egger, Austrian character actor (d. 1966)
September 2 – George H. Plympton, American screenwriter (d. 1972)
September 7 – Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer (d. 1953)
September 8 – Robert A. Taft, U.S. Senator from Ohio (d. 1953)
December 31 – Ion Creangă, Romanian writer (b. 1837 or 1839)
Date unknown[]
Warren Felt Evans, American writer (b. 1817)
Little Raven (Arapaho leader), Southern Arapaho Indian chief (b. c. 1810)
Amalia Assur, Swedish dentist (b. 1803)
References[]
↑ 1.01.1Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 315–316. ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
↑Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN0-14-102715-0.
↑"The Great Dock Strike". PortCities project. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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