Graffiti Bridge (album)



Graffiti Bridge is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Prince and is the soundtrack album to the 1990 film of the same name. It was released on August 21, 1990 by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. Records.

The album was much better received in sales than the film. It reached number 6 in the United States and was his third consecutive chart-topper (following Lovesexy and Batman) on the UK Albums Chart. Nearly every song on the record was written by Prince despite the handful of artists performing, including Tevin Campbell, Mavis Staples and The Time. The album produced the hit singles "Thieves in the Temple" and "New Power Generation", an anthem in two parts celebrating Prince's newly created backing band, The New Power Generation. "Can't Stop this Feeling I Got" was released in the Phillipines only.The band would get its first official outing on Prince's next album, Diamonds and Pearls.

Evolution of the album
The concept for the album and film began as early as 1987, but experienced delays for various reasons. The title track was originally recorded during this period, hence the liner notes listing Sheila E. and Boni Boyer as performers on the track. In fact, nearly the entire album is composed of previously recorded sessions that were updated for this release.

"Tick, Tick, Bang" was originally from 1981 during the sessions for Controversy and considered for Vanity 6. Written by Prince under the pseudonym Joey Coco, it was originally a more punk rock number with a bass synthesizer; the update of the song includes an uncredited drum sample from Jimi Hendrix's "Little Miss Lover". "Can't Stop This Feeling I Got" was from 1982, but later updated in 1986 for his unreleased project Dream Factory; "We Can Funk" was originally a 1983 track named "We Can Fuck" (although the unreleased acoustic version with Andy Allo from 2011 was named "We Can Love"). A melody similar to that of "Purple Rain" can be heard during the bridge of "Can't Stop This Feeling I Got". The two tracks were drastically updated for Graffiti Bridge.

"The Question of U" was recorded in 1985 during sessions for Parade with little updating added to the original version. "Joy in Repetition" was a Crystal Ball outtake from 1986 that survived unchanged (the original recording was used, wasn't updated further for release). Prince even kept the original segue of party noise at the start of the song (this time segueing from "We Can Funk" on this album instead of "The Ball" when "Joy In Repetition" was placed on Crystal Ball in 1986) which is also heard at the end of "Eye No", leading into "Alphabet St." on Lovesexy. As mentioned, the title track was updated from the 1987 recording, as well as "Elephants & Flowers" (from the then-unreleased Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic album) and "The Latest Fashion" (later given to The Time). "Melody Cool" and "Still Would Stand All Time" were considered for Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, later performed in some Lovesexy aftershows. "Still Would Stand All Time" was also considered for Batman, but was replaced by "Scandalous". The four tracks featuring The Time were originally going to be on their unreleased Corporate World album, recorded in 1989, though "The Latest Fashion" reuses music from "My Summertime Thang" from their album Pandemonium.

The only truly "new" compositions recorded for the album was "Round and Round" and "New Power Generation", recorded in late 1989. "Thieves in the Temple" was the final track recorded for the album, recorded in early 1990. Many outtakes for the album are also in circulation, several of which exist as samples in "New Power Generation (Pt. II)". However, some were released as B-sides, and a riff from "The Lubricated Lady" would later inspire the flute solo for "Gett Off".

Critical reception
Graffiti Bridge received positive reviews from contemporary critics, who praised Prince's songwriting and the variety of the music while deeming it an improvement over 1988's Lovesexy. Time magazine hailed the record as a "groovable feast", while Q claimed it was "practically impossible to choose anything that doesn't deserve to be there. How long is it since that can honestly be said about a Prince album?" In Entertainment Weekly, Greg Sandow said the album was likely a "masterpiece" that found Prince rediscovering his ability to cover different styles effortlessly. Rolling Stone reviewer Paul Evans credited him for lending a "sharper focus", "harder groove", and emphasis on funk and rock rather than "the feckless genre dabbling" of albums such as Lovesexy and Around the World in a Day (1985). Evans also believed Prince's catchy compositions helped make the "omnivorous mysticism" of his lyrics "newly convincing — convincing, but still startling, sensual and freeing". Greg Kot, the Chicago Tribune's chief music critic, called the album "a sprawling, wildly diffuse statement on love, sin, sex and salvation that ranks with his best work", as well as "perhaps his most complex and, dare we say, mature exploration" of those themes.

In The New York Times, Jon Pareles believed Graffiti Bridge would perhaps give Prince a success on both commercial and artistic terms, although he lamented some of the lyrics: "Verbally, he's no deep thinker; when he's not singing about sex, his messages tend to be benevolent and banal." Robert Christgau was less impressed in his consumer guide for The Village Voice. He applauded the guest artists, particularly The Time, and some of Prince's own half of songs, but said most of them were "overly subtle if not rehashed or just weak: title track, generational anthem, and lead single all reprise familiar themes, and the ballads fall short of the exquisite vocalese that can make his slow ones sing." At the end of 1990, Graffiti Bridge was voted the tenth best album of the year in the Pazz & Jop, a nationwide poll of American critics, published by The Village Voice.

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine called Graffiti Bridge an "often very good" album whose best songs were those performed by Prince, with the exception of The Time's "Release It" and Tevin Campbell's "Round and Round". Michaelangelo Matos was more critical in The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), finding the record "interesting primarily for its guest stars" and "for the fact that it now sounds as dated as the new jack swing it apes".

Track listing
All songs written by Prince, except track 3, co-written with Levi Seacer, Jr., track 9, co-written with Levi Seacer, Jr. and Morris Day, and track 11, co-written by Morris Day.

Personnel

 * Prince – lead vocals and various instruments
 * Morris Day – drums (2, 17), lead vocals (3, 11), co-lead vocals (9, 13)
 * Joseph "Amp" Fiddler – additional keyboards and backing vocals (7)
 * Boni Boyer – organ and background vocals (16)
 * Levi Seacer, Jr. – bass and backing vocals (16)
 * Sheila E. – drums and background vocals (16)
 * Candy Dulfer – saxophone (3, 9, 13)
 * Eric Leeds – saxophone (7)
 * Atlanta Bliss – trumpet (7)
 * Tevin Campbell – lead vocals (6), backing vocals (16, 17)
 * George Clinton – co-lead vocals (7)
 * Elisa Fiorillo – co-lead vocals (9) (credited as Elisa)
 * Mavis Staples – lead vocals (14), backing vocals (16, 17)
 * Rosie Gaines – backing vocals (2)
 * Michael "Clip" Payne – additional drumming and backing vocals (7)
 * T.C. Ellis – rap (17)
 * Paul Hill - backing vocals
 * Steven Parke – album artwork design
 * Harmonica on 12 played by Lester Chambers, sampled from "I Can't Stand It" (1967) by the Chambers Brothers.
 * Drums on 3 played by David Garibaldi, sampled from "Squib Cakes" (1974) by Tower of Power.

Singles and Hot 100 chart placings

 * "Thieves in the Temple" maxi-single (#6 US, #1 US R&B, #7 UK)
 * 1) "Thieves in the Temple" (extended)
 * 2) "Thieves in the House"
 * 3) "Temple House dub"


 * "New Power Generation" maxi-single (#64 US, #27 US R&B, #26 UK)
 * 1) "New Power Generation" (funky weapon remix)
 * 2) "T.C.'s Rap"
 * 3) "Brother with a Purpose"
 * 4) "Get Off"
 * 5) "The Lubricated Lady"
 * 6) "Loveleft/Loveright"


 * "Round and Round" maxi-single (#12 US, #3 US R&B)
 * 1) "Round and Round" (Solu Mix Edit)
 * 2) "Round and Round" (The House Mix)
 * 3) "Goodbye" (Tevin's Dub – Part 1 & 2)
 * 4) "Goodbye" (Soiddub & Listen)


 * "Melody Cool" maxi-single (#36 US R&B)
 * 1) "Melody Cool" (Extended LP Mix)
 * 2) "Melody Cool" (Extended Remix)
 * 3) "Melody Cool" (Deep House Vocal)
 * 4) "Melody Cool" (Mellow Dub Mix)
 * 5) "Time Waits for No-one" (Edit)


 * "Shake!" maxi-single
 * 1) "Shake!" (Extended Mix)  – 5:03
 * 2) "Shake!" (Battle Mix)  – 4:06
 * 3) "Shake!" (Funky House Mix)  – 8:20
 * 4) "The Latest Fashion" (Remix)  – 6:20
 * 5) "Shake!" (Boom Mix)  – 5:01
 * 6) "Shake!"  – 4:00