Space Oddity



"Space Oddity" is a song written and recorded by David Bowie. It was first released as a 7-inch single on 11 July 1969. It was also the opening track of his second studio album, David Bowie. It became one of Bowie's signature songs and one of three of his songs to be included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.

The song is about the launch of Major Tom, a fictional astronaut, and was released during a period of great interest in space flight. The United States' Apollo 11 mission would launch five days later and would become the first manned moon landing another five days after that. The lyrics have also been seen to lampoon the British space programme, which was and still is an unmanned project. Bowie would later revisit his Major Tom character in the songs "Ashes to Ashes", "Hallo Spaceboy" and the music video for "Blackstar".

"Space Oddity" was David Bowie's first single to chart in the UK. It reached the top five on its initial release and received the 1970 Ivor Novello Special Award for Originality. His second album, originally released as David Bowie in the UK, was renamed after the track for its 1972 re-release by RCA Records and became known by this name. In 1975, upon re-release as part of a maxi-single, the song became Bowie's first UK No. 1 single. In 2013, the song gained renewed popularity after it was covered by Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield, who performed the song while aboard the International Space Station, and therefore became the first music video shot in space. In January 2016, the song re-entered singles charts around the world following Bowie's death, which included becoming Bowie's first single to top the French Singles Chart. The song also ranked as third on iTunes on January 12, 2016.

Recording and release
Three primary studio versions of "Space Oddity" exist: an early version recorded in February 1969, the album version recorded that June (edited for release as a single), and a 1979 re-recording.

The early version of "Space Oddity" was recorded on 2 February 1969 for Bowie's promotional film Love You Till Tuesday. This recording became commercially available in 1984, on a belated VHS release of the film and accompanying soundtrack album. It also appeared on the compilation album The Deram Anthology 1966–1968.

In June 1969, after Bowie's split from record label Deram, his manager, Kenneth Pitt, negotiated a one-album deal (with options for a further one or two albums) with Mercury Records and its UK subsidiary, Philips. Mercury executives had heard an audition tape that included a demo of "Space Oddity", recorded by Bowie and his then musical partner John Hutchinson in spring 1969. Next Bowie tried to find a producer. George Martin turned the project down, while Tony Visconti liked the album demo-tracks, but considered the planned lead-off single, "Space Oddity", a 'cheap shot' at the impending Apollo 11 space mission. Visconti decided to delegate its production to Gus Dudgeon.

The album version of "Space Oddity" was recorded at Trident Studios on 20 June 1969 (with overdubs a few days later) and used the in-house session player Rick Wakeman (Mellotron), who was later to achieve fame with the progressive rock band Yes, as well as Mick Wayne (guitar), Herbie Flowers (bass), and Terry Cox (drums). Differing edits of the album version were released as singles in the UK and US.

The song was promoted in advertisements for the Stylophone, played by Bowie on the record and heard in the background during the opening verse. The single was not played by the BBC until after the Apollo 11 crew had safely returned; after this slow start, the song reached No. 5 in the UK Singles Chart. In the US, it stalled at 124.

Besides its title, which alludes to the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, the introduction to the song is a barely audible instrumental build-up that is analogous to the deep bass tone in Also sprach Zarathustra that is prominently used in the film.

On 2 October 1969, he performed the song for an episode of Top of the Pops. However, this was recorded separate from the main audience. The performance was shown on 9 October the following week, and repeated on 16 October. At present, the performance is 'missing' due to the BBC's late junking policy.

Mogol wrote Italian lyrics for the song, and Bowie recorded a new vocal in December 1969, releasing the single "Ragazzo solo, ragazza sola" ("Lonely Boy, Lonely Girl") in Italy.

Upon its re-release as a single in 1973, "Space Oddity" reached No. 15 on the Billboard Chart and became Bowie's first hit single in the United States; in Canada, it reached No. 16. This was then used to support RCA's 1975 UK reissue, which gave Bowie his first No. 1 single in the UK Singles Chart in November that year. It spent two weeks at the top of that chart.

Bowie recorded a stripped-down, acoustic version of the song in late 1979, which was issued in February 1980 as the B-side of "Alabama Song". The 1979 recording was rereleased in 1992 on the Rykodisc reissue of Bowie's Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps) album.

The B-side of the original single, "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud", first appeared on CD on 1989's Sound + Vision. This compilation also included, as its opening track, the spring 1969 demo of "Space Oddity" featuring Bowie and Hutchinson. (An earlier Bowie/Hutchinson demo appears on the 2009 two-CD special edition of the album David Bowie.)

On 20 July 2009, the single was reissued on a digital EP that featured four previously released versions of the song and stems that allow listeners to remix the song. This release coincided with the 40th anniversary of the song and the Apollo 11 moon landing.

Accolades
(*) designates unordered lists.

Live versions

 * Bowie played the song for the BBC's Johnny Walker Lunchtime Show on 22 May 1972. This was broadcast in early June 1972 and eventually released on Bowie at the Beeb in 2000.
 * A version recorded at Santa Monica Civic Auditorium on 20 October 1972 was first released on Santa Monica '72, before becoming officially available in 2008 on Live Santa Monica '72.
 * A live performance recorded at the Hammersmith Odeon, London, on 3 July 1973 was released on Ziggy Stardust – The Motion Picture in 1983.
 * A July 1974 live performance was released on the 2005 reissue of David Live.
 * A live performance filmed on 12 September 1983 is included in the concert film Serious Moonlight.

Music videos
The February 1969 version of the song appeared in the film Love You till Tuesday.

In December 1972, Mick Rock shot a video of Bowie miming to the June 1969 recording of the song, during the sessions for Aladdin Sane. The resulting music video was used to promote the 1973 US reissue of the "Space Oddity" single on RCA.

A promotional video of the 1979 version debuted in the UK on Kenny Everett's New Year's Eve Show on 31 December 1979. A music video made the following year for "Ashes to Ashes" used many of the same sets, solidifying the connection between the two songs. (Both videos were directed by Bowie and David Mallet. )

Track listing
All songs written by David Bowie.


 * 1969 UK original


 * 1) "Space Oddity" – 4:33 (mono)
 * 2) "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud" – 3:52


 * 1969 Germany/Netherlands


 * 1) "Space Oddity" – 5:13 (stereo)
 * 2) "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud" – 4:59 (stereo)


 * 1969 US original


 * 1) "Space Oddity" – 3:26
 * 2) "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud" – 3:20


 * 1973 US Reissue


 * 1) "Space Oddity" – 5:05
 * 2) "The Man Who Sold the World" – 3:53


 * 1975 UK reissue


 * 1) "Space Oddity" – 5:15
 * 2) "Changes" – 3:33
 * 3) "Velvet Goldmine" – 3:14


 * 2009 reissue (Digital EP)


 * 1) "Space Oddity" (Original UK mono single edit)
 * 2) "Space Oddity" (US mono single edit)
 * 3) "Space Oddity" (US stereo single edit)
 * 4) "Space Oddity" (1979 re-record)
 * 5) "Space Oddity" (Bass and Drums)
 * 6) "Space Oddity" (Strings)
 * 7) "Space Oddity" (Acoustic guitar)
 * 8) "Space Oddity" (Mellotron)
 * 9) "Space Oddity" (Backing vocal, flute and cellos)
 * 10) "Space Oddity" (Stylophone and guitar)
 * 11) "Space Oddity" (Lead vocal)
 * 12) "Space Oddity" (Main backing vocal including countdown)

Personnel
Credits apply to the 1969 original release:


 * Musical
 * David Bowie – vocals, acoustic guitar, Stylophone
 * Mick Wayne – lead guitar
 * Herbie Flowers – bass guitar
 * Terry Cox – drums
 * Paul Buckmaster – string arrangement
 * Tony Visconti – flutes, woodwinds
 * Rick Wakeman – Mellotron


 * Technical
 * Gus Dudgeon – record production

Cover versions and samples
In May 2013, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield, commander of Expedition 35 to the International Space Station, recorded a video of the song on the space station which went viral and generated a great deal of media exposure. The lyrics were somewhat altered; instead of losing communication with ground control and presumably being lost in space as a result, Major Tom successfully receives his orders to land and does so safely, reflecting Hadfield's imminent return from his final mission on the Station. Hadfield announced the video on his Twitter account, writing, "With deference to the genius of David Bowie, here's Space Oddity, recorded on Station. A last glimpse of the World." Bowie was also thanked in the ending credits. This was the first music video ever shot in space. Bowie responded to the video, tweeting back to Hadfield, "Hallo Spaceboy..." and would later call the cover "possibly the most poignant version of the song ever created". The video has had over 33,000,000 views on YouTube. The performance was the subject of a piece by Glenn Fleishman in The Economist on 22 May 2013 analyzing the legal implications of publicly performing a copyrighted work of music while in earth orbit. The song is the only one of Bowie's for which Bowie did not own the copyright. Bowie's publisher granted Hadfield a license to the song for only one year. Due to the expiry of the one year licence, the official video was taken offline on 13 May 2014, despite Bowie's explicit wishes that the publisher grant Hadfield a license at no charge to record the song and produce the video. Following a period of negotiations, the video was restored to YouTube on 2 November 2014 with a two-year licence agreement in place.

Elton John included some fragments of the song in an extended piano improvisation played, appropriately, as an intro to his own song "Rocket Man", during a show at the Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles on 13 January 2016, three days after Bowie's death. Before launching into the improvisation, John dedicated it to Bowie.

A version of the song was recorded with vocals from actress Kristen Wiig for the film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. There is a scene where Mitty, played by Ben Stiller, imagines Wiig's character is singing the song to him, inspiring him to take action. The song, with Bowie's and Wiig's vocals, is also included on the official soundtrack.

Phish debut an acapella cover of the song at Wrigley Field during their 2016 summer tour.

Popular culture

 * In an episode of the Nickelodeon cartoon Rugrats, Tommy pretends he is on the moon with his friends. As he is about to blast off in an imaginative spaceship, he is heard saying, "This is Major Tom to Ground Control.".
 * The song is featured in two episodes of the American TV series Friends. In the season 5 episode "The One Where Ross Can't Flirt" in which the character Chandler sings part of the song. In the season 6 episode "The One After Vegas" the character Joey sings part of the song.
 * The film The Mother (2003) also has the song in its soundtrack, as do the Spanish sci-fi film Eva (2011) and French drama film Bird People (2014).
 * The song is used in Ben Stiller's 2013 The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, featuring an older David Bowie. In an interview, director Ben Stiller talked about the importance of Space Oddity to the film's plotline, "I felt like the way it fits into the story, we got to this point and this scene which was sort of how the fantasy and reality come together for Walter, and that was what that came out of. That song, and what he mentioned in his head, and what he imagines and what he does, it all just seemed to come together over that song."
 * The song is used in Adam Sandler's Mr. Deeds. The characters Longfellow Deeds and Cecil Anderson sing the song a capella on a plane.
 * German singer Peter Schilling's 1983 single "Major Tom (Coming Home)" was written as a retelling of the song.