1934

1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar, the 1934th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 934th year of the 2nd millennium, the 34th year of the 20th century, and the 5th year of the 1930s decade.

Contents 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Nobel Prizes 5 References

Events
January

Main article: January 1934 January 1 – International Telecommunication Union established. January 7 – The Flash Gordon comic strip is first published, in the United States. January 15 – The 8.0 Mw Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people. January 20 – The Japanese company Fuji Photo Film is established. January 26 – The 10 year German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic. January 30 – In Nazi Germany the political power of the federal states such as Prussia is substantially abolished by the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" (Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reiches).

February

Main article: February 1934 February 6 – French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon in an attempted coup d'état against the Third Republic. February 9 Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France. Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia form the Balkan Pact.

February 12–16 – Austrian Civil War: the Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country. February 16 – Commission of Government sworn in as form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland. February 21 – Augusto César Sandino is assassinated in Managua by the National Guard.

March

Main article: March 1934 March 1 – Manchuria becomes Manchukuo, following an invasion by the Japanese. March 12 – Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder Konstantin Päts and General Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia to neutralize the popular right wing Vaps Movement, starting the Era of Silence. Their actions are initially approved by the Riigikogu. March 20 – The Great Hakodate Fire kills at least 2,166 people in southern Hokkaido, Japan. March 24 – The Tydings–McDuffie Act is passed, allowing the Philippines a greater degree of self-government from the United States.

April

Main article: April 1934 April 6 – Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry. April 21 – Surgeon's Photograph: London gynaecologist Robert Kenneth Wilson takes a photograph of the Loch Ness Monster before being proven in 1994 it was an elaborate hoax.

May

Main article: May 1934 May 1 – The May Constitution of 1934 heralds the beginning of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria. May 5 – The first Three Stooges short, Woman Haters, is released. May 15 – Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia. May 19 – Kimon Georgiev stages a coup d'état in Bulgaria. May 23 – American outlaws Bonnie and Clyde are ambushed and killed by police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. May 28 – Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.

June

Main article: June 1934 June 9 – The Disney animated short, The Wise Little Hen featuring the debut of Donald Duck is released. June 10 – Italy beats Czechoslovakia 2–1 after extra time to win the 1934 World Cup. June 12 – Political parties are banned in Bulgaria. June 14 – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet for the first time, at the Venice Biennale. June 18 – The Indian Reorganization Act is enacted. June 27 – The Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty. June 30–July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party and prominent conservative anti-Nazis in a series of political murders. June 30 – The Nazi Party SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the Schutzstaffel (SS).

July

Main article: July 1934 July 13 – Hitler gives a speech to the Reichstag justifying his purge. July 15 – The American film industry begins to rigorously enforce the Motion Picture Production Code. July 25 – July Putsch: Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.

August

Main article: August 1934 August 2 – Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg. August 8 – The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler. August 15 – The United States Marine Corps leaves Haiti. August 19 – In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers as Führer and Reichskanzler.

September

Main article: September 1934

Nuremberg Rally of 1934September 5–10 – 6th Nuremberg Rally staged by the German Nazi Party. September 8 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 134 people. September 19 The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations. Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case in the U.S.

September 21 – Muroto typhoon in Honshū, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in Osaka. September 22 – A gas explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers. September 28 – Afghanistan joins the League of Nations.

October

Main article: October 1934 October 2 – A tornado in Osaka and Kyoto kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest. October 6 – The President of Catalonia Lluís Companys declared the Catalan State under the Spanish Federal Republic, but Spanish troops swiftly crushed the Catalan forces and arrested him. October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseille. October 16 – The Long March of the People's Liberation Army of the Communist Party of China begins. October 20 – Start of MacRobertson Air Race from London to Melbourne

November

Main article: November 1934 November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lays well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis. November 27– Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia, is deposed in a military coup and replaced by José Luis Tejada Sorzano.

December

Main article: December 1934 December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50. December 27 – Persia becomes Iran. December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

Date unknown Winter – Tadj ol-Molouk, Empress consort of Iran, and her daughters appear publicly in Tehran without a veil, leading to its abolition in the country. Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Ivory Coast. The sonoluminescence effect is discovered at the University of Cologne. The Australian frontier wars end after 146 years.

Births
January
 * January 5 – Eddy Pieters Graafland, Dutch football goalkeeper