The House of the Rising Sun

"The House of the Rising Sun" is a traditional folk song, sometimes called "Rising Sun Blues". It tells of a life gone wrong in New Orleans; many versions also urge a sibling to avoid the same fate. The most successful commercial version, recorded in 1964 by the British rock group the Animals, was a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and also in the United States and Canada.[1] The song has been described as the "first folk-rock hit".[2][3]

Contents 1 Origin and early versions 2 The Animals' version 2.1 Recording and releases 2.2 Reception 2.3 Charts 3 Frijid Pink version 3.1 Sales and certifications 4 Jody Miller and Dolly Parton versions 5 Five Finger Death Punch version 6 As intro to U2 and Green Day "The Saints Are Coming" cover 6.1 Track listing 6.2 Release 6.2.1 Music video 6.2.2 Reception 6.3 Charts 7 Other covers 8 Possible real locations 9 Metaphorical locations 10 References 11 External links

Origin and early versions
Like many classic folk ballads, "The House of the Rising Sun" is of uncertain authorship. Musicologists say that it is based on the tradition of broadside ballads, and thematically it has some resemblance to the 16th century ballad The Unfortunate Rake.[4] According to Alan Lomax, "Rising Sun" was used as the name of a bawdy house in two traditional English songs, and it was also a name for English pubs.[5] He further suggested that the melody might be related to a 17th-century folk song, "Lord Barnard and Little Musgrave", also known as "Matty Groves",[6][7] but a survey by Bertrand Bronson showed no clear relationship between the two songs.[8] Lomax proposed that the location of the house was then relocated from England to New Orleans by white southern performers.[5] However, Vance Randolph proposed an alternative French origin, the "rising sun" referring to the decorative use of the sunburst insignia dating to the time of Louis XIV, which was brought to North America by French immigrants.[8]

"House of Rising Sun" was said to have been known by miners in 1905.[6] The oldest known recording of the song, under the title "Rising Sun Blues", is by Appalachian artists Clarence "Tom" Ashley and Gwen Foster, who recorded it for Vocalion Records on 6 September 1933.[6][9] Ashley said he had learned it from his grandfather, Enoch Ashley. Roy Acuff, an "early-day friend and apprentice" of Ashley's, learned it from him and recorded it as "Rising Sun" on 3 November 1938.[6][9] Several older blues recordings of songs with similar titles are unrelated, for example, "Rising Sun Blues" by Ivy Smith (1927) and "The Risin' Sun" by Texas Alexander (1928).[5]

The song was among those collected by folklorist Alan Lomax, who, along with his father, was a curator of the Archive of American Folk Song for the Library of Congress. On an expedition with his wife to eastern Kentucky, Lomax set up his recording equipment in Middlesboro, Kentucky, in the house of singer and activist Tilman Cadle. In 1937 he recorded a performance by Georgia Turner, the 16-year-old daughter of a local miner. He called it The Rising Sun Blues.[9] Lomax later recorded a different version sung by Bert Martin and a third sung by Daw Henson, both eastern Kentucky singers. In his 1941 songbook Our Singing Country, Lomax credits the lyrics to Turner,[9] with reference to Martin's version.

In 1941, Woody Guthrie recorded a version. A recording made in 1947 by Josh White, who is also credited with having written new words and music that have subsequently been popularized in the versions made by many other later artists, was released by Mercury Records in 1950. White learnt the song from a "white hillbilly singer", who might have been Ashley, in North Carolina in 1923–1924.[6] Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter recorded two versions of the song, in February 1944 and in October 1948, called "In New Orleans" and "The House of the Rising Sun", respectively; the latter was recorded in sessions that were later used on the album Lead Belly's Last Sessions (1994, Smithsonian Folkways).

In 1957 Glenn Yarbrough recorded the song for Elektra Records. The song is also credited to Ronnie Gilbert on an album by the Weavers released in the late 1940s or early 1950s. Pete Seeger released a version on Folkways Records in 1958, which was re-released by Smithsonian Folkways in 2009.[9] Frankie Laine recorded the song under the title "New Orleans" on his 1959 album Balladeer. Actor and comedian Andy Griffith recorded the song on his 1959 album Andy Griffith Shouts the Blues and Old Timey Songs. Joan Baez recorded it in 1960 on her self-titled debut album; she frequently performed the song in concert throughout her career. In 1960 Miriam Makeba recorded the song on her eponymous RCA album.

Released in October 1964, Johnny Hallyday's version Le pénitencier made it to the French Billboard Top 10, and he performed the song in his 2014 USA tour.[10]

In late 1961, Bob Dylan recorded the song for his debut album, released in March 1962. That release had no songwriting credit, but the liner notes indicate that Dylan learned this version of the song from Dave Van Ronk. In an interview for the documentary No Direction Home, Van Ronk said that he was intending to record the song and that Dylan copied his version. Van Ronk recorded it soon thereafter for the album Just Dave Van Ronk.

I had learned it sometime in the 1950s, from a recording by Hally Wood, the Texas singer and collector, who had got it from an Alan Lomax field recording by a Kentucky woman named Georgia Turner. I put a different spin on it by altering the chords and using a bass line that descended in half steps—a common enough progression in jazz, but unusual among folksingers. By the early 1960s, the song had become one of my signature pieces, and I could hardly get off the stage without doing it.[11]

Dave Van Ronk personally taught singer-songwriter Guthrie Thomas the version he had also taught Bob Dylan 16 years earlier in Greenwich Village in New York City, and Thomas credited Van Ronk with having taught him the song backstage at a concert Thomas was performing in New York at The Bitter End. Thomas has never publicly released a recording of the song but performs the Van Ronk version when touring; he plays the song with a 12-string guitar, following in the footsteps of Lead Belly.

Nina Simone recorded her first version for the album Nina at the Village Gate in 1962. Later versions include the 1965 recording in Colombia by Los Speakers in Spanish, called La casa del sol naciente, which was also the title of their second album. They earned a silver record (for sales of over 15,000 copies). The Chambers Brothers recorded a version on Feelin' the Blues, released on Vault records.

The Animals' version
"The House of the Rising Sun"

Single by the Animals

from the album The Animals

B-side "Talkin' 'bout You"

Released 19 June 1964 (UK)

Format 7-inch single

Recorded 18 May 1964

Genre Folk rock

Length 2:59

Label Columbia Graphophone

Writer(s) Traditional, arranged by Alan Price

Producer(s) Mickie Most

the Animals singles chronology

"Baby Let Me Take You Home" (1964) "House of the Rising Sun" (1964) "I'm Crying" (1964)

An interview with Eric Burdon revealed that he first heard the song in a club in Newcastle, England, where it was sung by the Northumbrian folk singer Johnny Handle. The Animals were on tour with Chuck Berry and chose it because they wanted something distinctive to sing.[12] The band enjoyed a huge hit with the song, much to Dylan's chagrin when his version was referred to as a cover. The irony of this was not lost on Dave Van Ronk, who said the whole issue was a "tempest in a teapot." He also claimed that this version was based on his arrangement of the song.[13] Dylan stopped playing the song after the Animals' recording became a hit, because fans accused him of plagiarism. Dylan has said he first heard the Animals' version on his car radio and "jumped out of his car seat" because he liked it so much.

The Animals' version transposes the narrative of the song from the point of view of a woman led into a life of degradation to that of a man whose father was now a gambler and drunkard, rather than the sweetheart in earlier versions.

The Animals had begun featuring their arrangement of "House of the Rising Sun" during a joint concert tour with Chuck Berry, using it as their closing number to differentiate themselves from acts that always closed with straight rockers.[14] It got a tremendous reaction from the audience, convincing initially reluctant producer Mickie Most that it had hit potential,[14] and between tour stops the group went to a small recording studio on Kingsway in London[14] to capture it.

Recording and releases

The song was recorded in just one take on 18 May 1964,[15] and it starts with a now-famous electric guitar A minor chord arpeggio by Hilton Valentine.[1][3] According to Valentine, he simply took Dylan's chord sequence and played it as an arpeggio.[16] The performance takes off with Burdon's lead vocal, which has been variously described as "howling,"[2] "soulful,"[17] and as "...deep and gravelly as the north-east English coal town of Newcastle that spawned him."[1] Finally, Alan Price's pulsating organ part (played on a Vox Continental) completes the sound. Burdon later said, "We were looking for a song that would grab people's attention."[18]

As recorded, "House of the Rising Sun" ran four and a half minutes, regarded as far too long for a pop single at the time.[15] Producer Most, who initially did not really want to record the song at all,[16] said that on this occasion – "Everything was in the right place ... It only took 15 minutes to make so I can't take much credit for the production"[19] – nonetheless was now a believer and declared it a single at its full length, saying "We're in a microgroove world now, we will release it."[19]

In the United States however, the original single (MGM 13264) was a 2:58 version. The MGM Golden Circle reissue (KGC 179) featured the unedited 4:29 version, although the record label gives the edited playing time of 2:58. The edited version was included on the group's 1964 U.S. debut album The Animals, while the full version was later included on their best-selling 1966 U.S. greatest hits album, The Best of the Animals. However, the very first American release of the full-length version was on a 1965 album of various groups entitled Mickie Most Presents British Go-Go (MGM SE-4306), the cover of which, under the listing of "House of the Rising Sun", described it as the "Original uncut version." Americans could also hear the complete version in the movie Go Go Mania in the spring of 1965.

"House of the Rising Sun" was not included on any of the group's British albums, but it was reissued as a single twice in subsequent decades, charting both times, reaching number 25 in 1972 and number 11 in 1982.

The arranging credit went only to Alan Price. According to Burdon, this was simply because there was insufficient room to name all five band members on the record label, and Alan Price's first name was first alphabetically. However, this meant that only Price received songwriter's royalties for the hit, a fact that has caused bitterness ever since, especially with Valentine.[3][20]

Reception

"House of the Rising Sun" was a trans-Atlantic hit: after reaching the top of the UK pop singles chart in July 1964, it topped the U.S. pop singles chart two months later, on 5 September 1964, where it stayed for three weeks,[21] and became the first British Invasion number one unconnected with the Beatles.[22] It was the group's breakthrough hit in both countries and became their signature song.[23] The song was also a hit in a number of other countries, including Ireland, where it reached No. 10 and dropped off the charts one week later.

Dave Marsh described the Animals' take on "The House of the Rising Sun" as "...the first folk-rock hit," sounding "...as if they'd connected the ancient tune to a live wire."[2] Writer Ralph McLean of the BBC agreed that "It was arguably the first folk rock tune," calling it "a revolutionary single", after which "the face of modern music was changed forever."[3]

The Animals' rendition of the song is recognized as one of the classics of British pop music. Writer Lester Bangs labeled it "a brilliant rearrangement" and "a new standard rendition of an old standard composition."[24] It ranked number 122 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". It is also one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". The RIAA ranked it number 240 on their list of "Songs of the Century". In 1999 it received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award. It has long since become a staple of oldies and classic rock radio formats. A 2005 Channel Five poll ranked it as Britain's fourth-favourite number one song.[15]

Charts

Chart (1964)

Peak position

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[25] 5 Canada Top Singles (RPM)[26] 1 Germany (Official German Charts)[27] 9 Ireland (IRMA)[28] 10 Netherlands (Single Top 100)[29] 5 UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[30] 1 US Billboard Hot 100[31] 1

Chart (1972)

Peak position

Ireland (IRMA)[28] 5 UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[30] 25

Chart (1982)

Peak position

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[30] 11

Preceded by "Where Did Our Love Go" by The Supremes Billboard Hot 100 number-one single 5 September 1964 – 19 September 1964 Succeeded by "Oh, Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison Preceded by "It's Over" by Roy Orbison UK Singles Chart number-one single 9 July 1964 – 15 July 1964 Succeeded by "It's All Over Now" by The Rolling Stones

Frijid Pink version
"House of the Rising Sun"

Single by Frijid Pink

from the album Frijid Pink

B-side "Drivin' Blues"

Released March 1970

Format 7-inch single

Genre Psychedelic rock

Length 3:23

Label Parrot Records

Writer(s) Traditional, arranged by Alan Price

Producer(s) Michael Valvano

Frijid Pink singles chronology

"House of the Rising Sun" (1970) "Sing a Song for Freedom" (1970)

In 1969, the Detroit band Frijid Pink recorded a psychedelic version of "House of the Rising Sun", which became an international hit in 1970. Their version is in 4/4 time (like Van Ronk's and most earlier versions, rather than the 6/8 used by the Animals) and was driven by Gary Ray Thompson's distorted guitar with fuzz and wah-wah effects, set against the frenetic drumming of Richard Stevers.[32]

According to Stevers, the Frijid Pink recording of "House of the Rising Sun" was done impromptu when there was time left over at a recording session booked for the group at the Tera Shirma Recording Studios. Stevers later played snippets from that session's tracks for Paul Cannon, the music director of Detroit's premier rock radio station, WKNR; the two knew each other, as Cannon was the father of Stevers's girlfriend. Stevers recalled, "we went through the whole thing and [and Cannon] didn't say much. Then 'House [of the Rising Sun]' started up and I immediately turned it off because it wasn't anything I really wanted him to hear." However, Cannon was intrigued and had Stevers play the complete track for him, then advising Stevers, "Tell Parrot [Frijid Pink's label] to drop God Gave Me You [the group's current single] and go with this one."[33]

Frijid Pink's "House of the Rising Sun" debuted at #29 on the WKNR hit parade dated 6 January 1970 and broke nationally after some seven weeks—during which the track was re-serviced to radio three times—with a number 73 debut on the Hot 100 in Billboard dated 27 February 1970 (number 97 Canada 1970/01/31) with a subsequent three-week ascent to the Top 30 en route to a Hot 100 peak of number 7 on 4 April 1970. The certification of the Frijid Pink single "House of the Rising Sun" as a gold record for domestic sales of one million units was reported in the issue of Billboard dated 30 May 1970.

The Frijid Pink single of "House of the Rising Sun" would give the song its most widespread international success, with Top Ten status reached in Austria (number 3), Belgium (Flemish region, number 6), Canada (number 3), Denmark (number 3), Germany (two weeks at number 1), Greece, Ireland (number 7), Israel (number 4), the Netherlands (number 3), Norway (seven weeks at number 1), Poland (number 2), Sweden (number 6), Switzerland (number 2) and the UK (number 4). The single also charted in Australia (number 14), France (number 36), and Italy (number 54).

Sales and certifications

Region

Certification

Certified units/Sales

United States (RIAA)[34] Gold 1,000,000^

Jody Miller and Dolly Parton versions
The song has twice been a hit record on Billboard's country chart. In 1973, Jody Miller's version reached number 29 on the country charts and number 41 on the adult contemporary chart.

"The House of the Rising Sun"

Single by Dolly Parton

from the album 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs

B-side "Workin' Girl"

Released September 1981

Format 7-inch single

Recorded November 1980

Genre Country rock

Length 4:02

Label RCA Nashville

Writer(s) Traditional

Producer(s) Mike Post

Dolly Parton singles chronology

"But You Know I Love You" (1981) "House of the Rising Sun" (1981) "Single Women" (1982)

In September 1981, Dolly Parton released a cover of the song as the third single from her album 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs. Like Miller's earlier country hit, Parton's remake returns the song to its original lyric of being about a fallen woman. The Parton version makes it quite blunt, with a few new lyric lines that were written by Parton. Parton's remake reached number 14 on the U.S. country singles chart and crossed over to the pop charts, where it reached number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100; it also reached number 30 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart. Parton has occasionally performed the song live, perhaps most notably on her 1987–88 television show, in an episode taped live in New Orleans.

Five Finger Death Punch version
"House of the Rising Sun"

Single by Five Finger Death Punch

from the album The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 2

Released 3 February 2014

Recorded November 2013

Genre Hard rock

Length 4:07

Label Prospect Park

Writer(s) Traditional

Five Finger Death Punch singles chronology

"Battle Born" (2013) "House of the Rising Sun" (2014) "Mama Said Knock You Out" (2014)

The American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch released a cover of "House of the Rising Sun" on their fifth studio album, The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 2, which was later released as the album's second single and the band's third single of the Wrong Side era. The references to New Orleans have been changed to Sin City, a reference to the negative effects of gambling in Las Vegas. The song was a top ten hit on mainstream rock radio in the United States.

Chart (2013)

Peak position

US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)[35] 26

US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[36] 7 US Rock Digital Songs (Billboard)[37] 35 US Rock Airplay (Billboard)[38] 29

As intro to U2 and Green Day "The Saints Are Coming" cover
"The Saints Are Coming"

Single by U2 and Green Day

from the album U218 Singles

B-side "The Saints Are Coming"

Released 31 October 2006

Format Record, digital download, CD

Recorded Abbey Road Studios, September 2006

Genre Alternative rock, punk rock

Length 3:24

Label Mercury

Writer(s) Richard Jobson, Stuart Adamson

Producer(s) Rick Rubin, Jacknife Lee

Green Day chronology

"Jesus of Suburbia" (2005) "The Saints Are Coming" (2006) "Working Class Hero" (2007)

U2 chronology

"One" (with Mary J. Blige) (2006) "The Saints Are Coming" (2006) "Window in the Skies" (2007)

The song's lyrics about storms and drowning came back to light in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. In September 2006, it was announced that Green Day and U2 were to record a cover version of the song for charitable purposes.[39]

Track listing

No.

Title

Length

1. "The Saints Are Coming"  3:24 2. "The Saints Are Coming" (Live from New Orleans) 3:27

Release

To coincide with the U2 and Green Day recording of the song, both bands performed it together live during the Monday Night Football pregame show of the New Orleans Saints versus Atlanta Falcons game on 25 September 2006. This was the first game in the Louisiana Superdome after it was heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. The live performance of the song was later sold online to benefit Music Rising, a charity created by U2's The Edge in order to bring instruments and music programs back to New Orleans.

In the four song set, U2 and Green Day performed "Wake Me Up When September Ends", followed by a medley of the American folk song "The House of the Rising Sun," Skids' "The Saints Are Coming" and U2's "Beautiful Day" as a seven-piece band, augmented by the Rebirth Brass Band, the New Birth Brass Band, Troy Andrews, and Big Sam Williams. The lyrics of all four songs were customized by singers Billie Joe Armstrong and Bono to commemorate the trials, tribulations, and successes that faced the city over the past year. Punctuating the 68,000 fans' first season-ticket sellout of the Superdome in its 31-year history, the New Orleans Saints beat the Atlanta Falcons 23–3. Since then, the song has been played at Saints home games before they take the field.[citation needed] The live version of "The Saints Are Coming" was immediately made available for download purchase at Real Rhapsody.[40]

The studio version of the song was released for digital download on 30 October 2006 and released as a CD single on 6 November 2006. The song also appears on the U2 compilation album U218 Singles, which was released on 20 November 2006. The song was played for the first time by U2 alone on the Pacific leg of their Vertigo Tour in Brisbane, Australia, on 7 November 2006.[41] The only performance of this song by Green Day alone was on 7 August 2009, when the band played it in New Orleans. Billie Joe Armstrong also improvised lines from the song over the bass solo to Green Day hit single "Holiday" during some performances on their 21st Century Breakdown World Tour in the summer of 2010.

Music video

Billie Joe Armstrong and Bono performing "The Saints Are Coming" to open the first game in the Louisiana Superdome following the heavy damage it sustained from Hurricane Katrina. A music video for "The Saints Are Coming," directed by Chris Milk, was released on YouTube on 27 October 2006. The music video shows the two bands playing at the Abbey Road Studio and at the Superdome (though the footage from the live performance at the Superdome has been overdubbed with the studio version of the song), intermixed with news footage of the displacement of New Orleans residents after Hurricane Katrina. The second half of the video shows an alternate history in which George W. Bush redeployed troops and vehicles from Iraq to New Orleans to help victims of the hurricane, with the military personnel fulfilling the titular role of the "saints." According to Milk, this was done to "make a commentary on the Katrina disaster ... from the standpoint of how things can and should be done in the future."[42] The video ends with military support vehicles fading out as the camera pans to a sign that reads "Not as seen on TV," alluding to the criticized response to Katrina while also parodying restrictions on the media in their coverage of events following the hurricane. The video had more than two million views on YouTube five days after its initial upload.

Reception

The single earned a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.

Charts

Charts (2006)

Peak position

Australian ARIA Charts[43] 1 Austrian Singles Chart[43] 3 Belgian Singles Chart (Flanders)[43] 2 Belgian Singles Chart (Wallonia)[43] 12 Canadian Singles Chart 1 Czech Singles Chart 5 Hot Canadian Digital Singles 1 Danish Singles Chart[43] 1 Dutch MegaCharts[43] 1 French Singles Chart[43] 44 Finland (IFPI Finland Top 20)[43] 8 German Singles Chart[44] 6 Irish Singles Chart[45] 1 Italian Singles Chart[43] 1 Japan (Oricon Top 30) 25 New Zealand Singles Chart[43] 4 Norwegian Singles Chart[43] 1 Spanish Singles Chart[43] 1 Swedish Singles Chart[43] 4 Swiss Singles Chart[43] 1 UK Singles Chart[46] 2 U.S. Billboard Hot 100[47] 51 Venezuela Pop Rock (Record Report)[48] 3

Preceded by "Irreplaceable" by Beyoncé Irish Singles Chart number-one single 9 November 2006 Succeeded by "The Rose" by Westlife Preceded by "I Wish I Was a Punk Rocker (With Flowers in My Hair)" by Sandi Thom Australian ARIA Singles Chart number-one single 12–19 November 2006 Succeeded by "I Don't Feel Like Dancin'" by Scissor Sisters Preceded by "Meant to Fly" by Eva Avila Canadian number-one single 16 November 2006 (10 non-consecutive weeks) Succeeded by "Window in the Skies" by U2 Preceded by "Floden" by Bjørn Eidsvåg Norwegian VG-lista number-one single 15–22 November 2006 Succeeded by "It's All Coming Back To Me Now" by Meat Loaf and Marion Raven

Other covers
The song has been covered by a large number of artists including Doc Watson, The Ventures, Takeshi Terauchi, Bon Jovi, Toto, Santa Esmeralda, Gregory Isaacs, Jimi Hendrix, Eric Burdon, Alan Price, The White Stripes, Sinéad O'Connor, Tommy Emmanuel, Tracy Chapman, The Gaslight Anthem, The White Buffalo, Julian Thome, Haley Reinhart, Demis Roussos, Manfred Krug, Sandi Thom, Miriam Makeba, Muse, Sentenced, Brand New Sin and many more. Lauren O'Connell released a version in 2012 which was used for the trailer of American Horror Story: Coven.

Possible real locations
Various places in New Orleans have been proposed as the inspiration for the song, with varying plausibility. The phrase "House of the Rising Sun" is often understood as a euphemism for a brothel, but it is not known whether or not the house described in the lyrics was an actual or a fictitious place. One theory is that the song is about a woman who killed her father, an alcoholic gambler who had beaten his wife. Therefore, the House of the Rising Sun may be a jailhouse, from which one would be the first person to see the sun rise (an idea supported by the lyric mentioning "a ball and chain," though that phrase has been slang for marital relationships for at least as long as the song has been in print). Because women often sang the song, another theory is that the House of the Rising Sun was where prostitutes were detained while treated for syphilis. Since cures with mercury were ineffective, going back was very unlikely.[7][12]

1867 ad noting the "Rising Sun Coffee House" building for rent or lease Only three candidates that use the name Rising Sun have historical evidence—from old city directories and newspapers. The first was a small, short-lived hotel on Conti Street in the French Quarter in the 1820s. It burned down in 1822. An excavation and document search in early 2005 found evidence that supported this claim, including an advertisement with language that may have euphemistically indicated prostitution. Archaeologists found an unusually large number of pots of rouge and cosmetics at the site.[49][50]

The second possibility was a "Rising Sun Hall" listed in late 19th-century city directories on what is now Cherokee Street, at the riverfront in the uptown Carrollton neighborhood, which seems to have been a building owned and used for meetings of a Social Aid and Pleasure Club, commonly rented out for dances and functions. It also is no longer extant. Definite links to gambling or prostitution (if any) are undocumented for either of these buildings.

A third was "The Rising Sun", which advertised in several local newspapers in the 1860s, located on what is now the lake side of the 100 block of Decatur Street.[51] In various advertisements it is described as a "Restaurant," a "Lager Beer Salon," and a "Coffee House." At the time, New Orleans businesses listed as coffee houses often also sold alcoholic beverages.

Bizarre New Orleans, a guidebook on New Orleans, asserts that the real house was at 1614 Esplanade Avenue between 1862 and 1874 and was said to have been named after its madam, Marianne LeSoleil Levant, whose surname means "the rising sun" in French.[12]

Another guidebook, Offbeat New Orleans, asserts that the real House of the Rising Sun was at 826–830 St. Louis St. between 1862 and 1874, also purportedly named for Marianne LeSoleil Levant. The building still stands, and Eric Burdon, after visiting at the behest of the owner, said, "The house was talking to me." [52]

There is a contemporary B&B called the House of the Rising Sun, decorated in brothel style. The owners are fans of the song, but there is no connection with the original place.[52][53]

Metaphorical locations
The "House of the Rising Sun" may be a metaphor for the slave quarters of a plantation, the plantation house, or the plantation itself, which were the subjects and themes of many traditional blues songs.

Dave van Ronk claimed in his autobiography that he had seen pictures of the old Orleans Parish Women's Prison, which had an entrance decorated with a rising sun design. He considered this proof that the House of the Rising Sun had been a nickname for the prison[citation needed].

The role of the singer is variable. Earlier versions of the song are often sung from a woman's perspective, a woman who followed a drunk or a gambler to New Orleans and became a prostitute in the House of the Rising Sun (or an inmate of a prison with that nickname), as in Joan Baez's version on her 1960 album or Jody Miller's 1973 single. The Animals' version was sung from the perspective of a man, for whom the house has been his ruin. Bob Dylan's 1962 version and Shawn Mullins' version on his album 9th Ward Pickin' Parlor are sung from a woman's perspective, although Mullins occasionally changes the lyrics in live performances to reflect both perspectives, singing "It's been the ruin of many a boy and girl, and me, oh God, I'm one."[54]

Not everyone believes that the house actually existed. Pamela D. Arceneaux, a research librarian at the Williams Research Center in New Orleans, is quoted as saying:

I have made a study of the history of prostitution in New Orleans and have often confronted the perennial question, "Where is the House of the Rising Sun?" without finding a satisfactory answer. Although it is generally assumed that the singer is referring to a brothel, there is actually nothing in the lyrics that indicate that the "house" is a brothel. Many knowledgeable persons have conjectured that a better case can be made for either a gambling hall or a prison; however, to paraphrase Freud: sometimes lyrics are just lyrics.[7]

It is also possible, in that gamblers are mentioned more than once in the song, that the House of the Rising Sun is a casino or bar with gambling within.