1910

January

 * January 10–January 20 – The first aviation meeting to be held in the United States, the 1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, is held near Los Angeles.

February

 * February 8 – William D. Boyce founds the Boy Scouts of America.
 * February 10 – Old Trafford opens to the public.
 * February 20 – Boutros Ghali, the first native-born prime minister of Egypt, is assassinated.

March

 * March – An uprising against Ottoman rule breaks out in Albania.
 * March 8 – In France Raymonde de Laroche is awarded pilot's license #36 by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale, becoming the first woman authorized to fly an airplane.
 * March 10 – Slavery in China, which has existed since the Shang dynasty, is now made illegal.
 * March 18 – The first filmed version of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein comes out. Considered to be the first horror movie, it stars actor Charles Ogle as the monster.
 * March 27 – A fire during a barn-dance in Ököritófülpös, Hungary kills 312.

April

 * April 20 – Comet Halley is visible from Earth. Its next visit was in 1986.

May

 * May 6 – George V becomes King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland upon the death of his father, Edward VII.
 * May 12 – Second NAACP meeting is held in New York, New York.
 * May 18 – The Earth passes through the tail of Halley's Comet.
 * May 31 – The Union of South Africa is created.

June

 * June 6 – The Holland Dakota Landbouw Compagnie is established. 6 June 1910,  page 7, Middelburgsche Courant, Krantenbank, Zeeland
 * June 15 – The British Ship Terra Nova leaves London on its way toward an Antarctic expedition.
 * June 22 – The DELAG Zeppelin dirigible, Deutschland, makes the first commercial passenger flight from Friedrichshafen to Düsseldorf in Germany. The flight takes nine hours.
 * June 25 – The ballet The Firebird (L'Oiseau de feu), the first major work by Russian composer Igor Stravinsky, commissioned by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, is premièred in Paris, bringing the composer international fame.

July

 * July 4 – African-American boxer Jack Johnson defeats white American boxer James J. Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match, sparking race riots across the United States.
 * July 22 – A wireless telegraph sent from the SS Montrose (1897) results in the identification, arrest and execution of murderer Dr. Hawley Crippen.
 * July 24 – Ottoman forces capture the city of Shkodër to put down the Albanian Revolt of 1910.

August

 * August – Pan-American Union
 * August 14 – A fire at the Brussels International 1910 destroys exhibitions of Britain and France.
 * August 22 – The Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty is signed. It becomes null and void in 1965.
 * August 28 – Montenegro is proclaimed an independent kingdom under Nicholas I.
 * August 29 – Emperor Sunjong of Korea abdicates and the country's monarchy is abolished.

September

 * September 1 – The Vatican introduces a compulsory oath against modernism, to be taken by all priests upon ordination.
 * September 1 – In Brazil, Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, the first Fifa World Club Championship, is founded.

October

 * October – First publication of infrared photographs, by Professor Robert Williams Wood in the Royal Photographic Society's journal.
 * October 5 – 5 October 1910 revolution in Portugal leading to the flight of King Manuel II of Portugal to England and proclamation of the First Portuguese Republic.
 * October 10 - Tau Epsilon Phi Fraternity is founded at Columbia University in New York City, NY
 * October 20 – The hull of RMS Olympic is launched at the Harland and Wolff Shipyards in Belfast.
 * October 23
 * Vajiravudh (Rama VI) is crowned King of Siam, after the death of his father, King Chulalongkorn (Rama V).
 * The Philadelphia Athletics defeat the Chicago Cubs, 7–2, to win the 1910 World Series in Game 5. Jack Coombs had been the winning pitcher in three of the Athletics' four wins.

November

 * November 7 – The first air flight for the purpose of delivering commercial freight takes place in the United States. The flight, made by Wright brothers pilot Philip Parmalee, is between Dayton and Columbus, Ohio.
 * November 14 – In the first takeoff from a ship by a fixed-wing aircraft, Eugene Ely takes off from a temporary platform erected over the bow of the light cruiser USS Birmingham in Hampton Roads, Virginia.
 * November 20 – Mexican Revolution begins when Francisco I. Madero proclaims the elections of 1910 null and void, and calls for an armed revolution at 6 p.m. against the illegitimate presidency/dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz.
 * November 22 – Revolt of the Lash at Rio de Janeiro: Mutineers in the Brazilian Navy, led by João Cândido Felisberto, seize control of the new dreadnought battleship Minas Geraes and other ships whose guns are aimed at the city as the crews demand for improvements in their conditions, conceded on November 26 by the Brazilian government.

December

 * Late December – A form of pneumonic plague spreads through northeastern China, killing more than 40,000.

Date unknown

 * The electric streetcars of Austria-Hungary, France, Germany and Great Britain are carrying 6.7 million riders per year.
 * Henry Ford sells 10,000 automobiles.
 * The United States introduces star notes, starting with the 1899 series $1 Silver Certificate.

January–February

 * January 1
 * Frank Bogert, American actor, professional rodeo announcer, and politician (d. 2009)
 * Koesbini, Indonesian composer (d. 1991)
 * January 4 – Josephine McKim, American Olympic swimmer (d. 1992)
 * January 5 – Jack Lovelock, New Zealand athlete (d. 1949)
 * January 8 – Galina Ulanova, Russian dancer (d. 1998)
 * January 11 – Trygve Bratteli, Norwegian politician, prime minister (d. 1984)
 * January 12 – Luise Rainer, German-born actress (d. 2014)
 * January 16 – Mario Tobino, Italian poet, writer and psychiatrist (d. 1991)
 * January 21 – Károly Takács, Hungarian shooter (d. 1976)
 * January 23 – Django Reinhardt, Belgian guitarist and composer (d. 1953)
 * January 25 – Edgar V. Saks, Estonian statesman and historian (d. 1984)
 * January 27 – Edvard Kardelj, Yugoslav political leader and partisan (d. 1979)
 * January 28
 * John Banner, Austrian film and television actor (d. 1973)
 * Arnold Moss, American actor (d. 1989)
 * February 2 – David Sharpe, American actor and stunt performer (d. 1980)
 * February 5 – Francisco Varallo, Argentine footballer (d. 2010)
 * February 9 – Jacques Monod, French biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
 * February 10
 * Georges Pire, Belgian monk, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1969)
 * Sofia Vembo, Greek singer and actress (d. 1978)
 * February 13 – William Shockley, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
 * February 15 – Irena Sendler, Polish humanitarian (d. 2008)
 * February 17
 * Arthur Hunnicutt, American actor (d. 1979)
 * Marc Lawrence, American actor (d. 2005)
 * Kothamangalam Seenu, Tamil actor and a Carnatic music singer. (d. 2001)
 * February 21 – Douglas Bader, British fighter pilot (d. 1982)
 * February 27
 * Joan Bennett, American actress (d. 1990)
 * Genrikh Kasparyan, Armenian chess player and composer (d. 1995)

March–April

 * March 1
 * Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
 * David Niven, English actor (d. 1983)
 * March 5
 * Momofuku Ando, Japanese inventor and businessman (d. 2007)
 * Ennio Flaiano, Italian screenwriter, playwright, novelist, journalist and drama critic (d. 1972)
 * March 7 – Will Glickman, American playwright (d. 1983)
 * March 8 – Claire Trevor, American actress (d. 2000)
 * March 9 – Samuel Barber, American composer (d. 1981)
 * March 11
 * Robert Havemann, German chemist (d. 1982)
 * Jacinta Marto, Portuguese, beatified (d. 1920)
 * March 13 – Karl Gustav Ahlefeldt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
 * March 23 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese screenwriter, producer, and director (d. 1998)
 * March 25 – Magda Olivero, Italian soprano (d. 2014)
 * March 28 – Ingrid of Sweden, Danish queen (d. 2000)
 * April 1 – Harry Carney, American jazz musician (d. 1974)
 * April 2 – Chico Xavier, Brazilian medium (d. 2002)
 * April 9 – Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (d. 2008)
 * April 10 – Paul Sweezy, American economist and editor (d. 2004)
 * April 20 – Brigitte Mira, German actress (d. 2005)
 * April 23 – Simone Simon, French actress (d. 2005)
 * April 24 – Pupella Maggio, Italian actress (d. 1999)
 * April 26 – Tomoyuki Tanaka, Japanese film producer (d. 1997)

May–June

 * May 1 – J. Allen Hynek, American astronomer and ufologist (d. 1986)
 * May 6 – June Gittelson, American film actress (d. 1993)
 * May 12
 * Johan Ferrier, Suriname President (d. 2010)
 * Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
 * Giulietta Simionato, Italian mezzo-soprano (d. 2010)
 * May 14 – Ne Win, President of Burma (d. 2002)
 * May 23
 * Scatman Crothers, American actor and musician (d. 1986)
 * Artie Shaw, American clarinetist and bandleader (d. 2004)
 * May 25 – Edward Harrison, English cricketer and squash player (d. 2002)
 * May 28 – T-Bone Walker, American singer (d. 1975)
 * May 29 – Ralph Metcalfe, American athlete (d. 1978)
 * May 30 – Inge Meysel, German actress (d. 2004)
 * June 4 – Christopher Cockerell, British engineer and inventor of the Hovercraft (d. 1999)
 * June 9 – Robert Cummings, American actor (d. 1990)
 * June 10
 * Armen Takhtajan, Soviet-Armenian botanist (d. 2009)
 * Howlin' Wolf, African American blues musician (d. 1976)
 * June 11 – Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French naval officer, explorer, ecologist, filmmaker, scientist, photographer and researcher (d. 1997)
 * June 13 – Mary Wickes, American actress (d. 1995)
 * June 14 – Rudolf Kempe, German conductor (d. 1976)
 * June 19
 * Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
 * Abe Fortas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1982)
 * June 22
 * Peter Pears, English tenor (d. 1986)
 * Konrad Zuse, German engineer (d. 1995)
 * June 23
 * Jean Anouilh, French dramatist (d. 1987)
 * Gordon B. Hinckley, American religious leader (d. 2008)
 * June 26
 * Margaret Dunning, American philanthropist (d. 2015)
 * Roy J. Plunkett, American chemist noted for discovering Teflon (d. 1994)
 * June 28 – Ingrid Luterkort, Swedish actress and stage director (d. 2011)

July–August

 * July 4 – Gloria Stuart, American actress (d. 2010)
 * July 5 – S. Poniman, Indonesian singer and actor (d. 1978)
 * July 6
 * René Le Grèves, French cyclist (d. 1946)
 * John Knott, Australian public servant (d. 1999)
 * July 10 – Nguyễn Hữu Thọ,Vietnamese politician (d. 1996)
 * July 12 – Samuel Hazard Gillespie, Jr., American counsel (d. 2011)
 * July 14 – William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001)
 * July 15 – Ken Lynch, American actor (d. 1990)
 * July 18 – Mamadou Dia, Senegal Prime Minister (d. 2009)
 * July 27
 * Julien Gracq, French author (d. 2007)
 * Lupita Tovar, Mexican-American actress (d. 2016)
 * August 4
 * Anita Page, American actress (d. 2008)
 * William Schuman, American composer (d. 1992)
 * August 7 – Lucien Hervé, Hungarian-born French photographer (d. 2007)
 * August 10 – Aldo Buzzi, Italian architect, director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
 * August 12
 * Yusof bin Ishak, first President of Singapore (d. 1970)
 * Jane Wyatt, American actress (d. 2006)
 * August 14 – Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1995)
 * August 22 – Lucille Ricksen, American silent film actress (d. 1925)
 * August 25
 * George Cisar, American baseball player (d. 2010)
 * Ruby Keeler, American actress and dancer (d. 1993)
 * Dorothea Tanning, American artist (d. 2012)
 * August 26 – Mother Teresa, Albanian nun, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
 * August 28 – Tjalling Koopmans, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)

September–October

 * September 1 – Edda Mussolini, eldest child of Benito Mussolini (d. 1995)
 * September 3 – Maurice Papon, French civil servant and collaborator (d. 2007)
 * September 11 – Gerhard Schröder, German politician (d. 1989)
 * September 14 – Jack Hawkins, British actor (d. 1973)
 * September 16
 * Erich Kempka, German chauffeur and bodyguard of Adolf Hitler (d. 1975)
 * Karl Kling, German race car driver (d. 2003)
 * September 19 – Margaret Lindsay, American film actress (d. 1981)
 * September 24 – Ignatius J. "Pete" Galantin, United States Navy admiral (d. 2004)
 * September 28
 * Diosdado Macapagal, 9th President of the Philippines (d. 1997)
 * Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino politician and resistance leader (d. 1942)
 * September 29 – Virginia Bruce, American actress and singer (d. 1982)
 * September 30 – Jussi Kekkonen, Finnish major (d. 1962)
 * October 1 – Bonnie Parker, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (d. 1934)
 * October 8
 * Paulette Dubost, French actress (d. 2011)
 * Gus Hall, American Communist leader (d. 2000)
 * October 10
 * Sir Albert Margai, second Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (d. 1980)
 * Julius Shulman, American architectural photographer (d. 2009)
 * October 19
 * Farid al-Atrash, Arab composer, singer, and actor (d. 1974)
 * Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
 * October 23
 * Richard Mortensen, Danish painter (d. 1993)
 * Hayden Rorke, American actor (d. 1987)
 * October 27 – Herschel Daugherty, American television director (d. 1993)
 * October 31 – Trevor Housley, Australian public servant (d. 1968)

November–December

 * November 6 – Erik Ode, German television actor (d. 1983)
 * November 10 – Tomás Blanco, Spanish film actor (d. 1990)
 * November 21 – Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz, Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia (d. 1999)
 * November 26 – Cyril Cusack, South African–born actor (d. 1993)
 * November 30 – Harry Bauler, American politician (d. 1962)
 * December 1 – Alicia Markova, English ballerina (d. 2004)
 * December 2 – Russell Lynes, American art historian, photographer and author (d. 1991)
 * December 4 – R. Venkataraman, Indian President (d. 2009)
 * December 7 – Edmundo Ros, Trinidadian musician (d. 2011)
 * December 10 – Clegg Hoyt, American actor (d. 1967)
 * December 11 – Noel Rosa, Brazilian songwriter (d. 1937)
 * December 15 – John Hammond, American record producer (d. 1987)
 * December 19 – Jean Genet, French writer (d. 1986)
 * December 23 – Kurt "Panzermeyer" Meyer, German Generalmajor der Waffen-SS and war criminal (d. 1961)
 * December 29
 * Michel Aflaq, Syrian political theorist, founder of Ba'athism (d. 1989)
 * Ronald Coase, English-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
 * December 30
 * Paul Bowles, American author (d. 1999)
 * Howard W. Jones, American surgeon and in vitro fertilization specialist (d. 2015)

January

 * January 4 – Léon Delagrange, French pioneer aviator (b. 1873)
 * January 5 – Léon Walras, French economist (b. 1834)
 * January 12 – Bass Reeves, one of the first black Deputy U.S. Marshals west of the Mississippi River (b. 1838)
 * January 13 – Andrew Jackson Davis, American spiritualist (b. 1826)
 * January 27 – Thomas Crapper, British plumber (b. 1836)

February

 * February 14 – Giovanni Passannante, Italian anarchist (b. 1849)
 * February 20 – Boutros Ghali, Prime Minister of Egypt (assassinated) (b. 1846)
 * February 23 – Vera Komissarzhevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1864)

March

 * March 4 – Knut Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1857)
 * March 10 – Karl Lueger, Austrian mayor (b. 1844)
 * March 18 – Julio Herrera y Reissig, Uruguayan poet and writer (b. 1875)
 * March 26 – An Jung-geun, Korean assassin (b. 1879)
 * March 27 – Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, American scientist (b. 1835)
 * March 30 – Jean Moréas, Greek poet, essayist and art critic (b. 1856)

April

 * April 21 – Mark Twain, American writer (b. 1835)
 * April 26 – Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832)

May

 * May 1 – Pierre Nord Alexis, President of Haiti (b. 1820)
 * May 3 – Howard Taylor Ricketts, American pathologist (b. 1871)
 * May 6 – King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1841)
 * May 10 – Stanislao Cannizzaro, Italian chemist (b. 1826)
 * May 12 – Sir William Huggins, British astronomer (b. 1824)
 * May 18 – Pauline Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (b. 1821)
 * May 22 – Jules Renard, French writer (b. 1864)
 * May 27 – Robert Koch, German physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1843)
 * May 28 – Kálmán Mikszáth, Hungarian novelist (b. 1847)
 * May 29 – Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (b. 1837)
 * May 31 – Elizabeth Blackwell, British-born American physician (b. 1821)

June

 * June 5 – O. Henry, American novelist (b. 1862)

July

 * July 4
 * Melville Fuller, American Chief Justice (b. 1833)
 * Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (b. 1835)
 * July 10 – Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (b. 1812)
 * July 12 – Charles Stewart Rolls, British aviator and automobile manufacturer (b. 1877)

August

 * August 13 – Florence Nightingale, English nurse (b. 1820)
 * August 14 – Frank Podmore, British psychical researcher (b. 1856)
 * August 15 – Constantin Fahlberg, Russian chemist (b. 1850)
 * August 16 – Pedro Montt, 15th President of Chile (b. 1849)
 * August 26 – William James, American psychologist and philosopher (b. 1842)
 * August 28 – Paolo Mantegazza, Italian neurologist, physiologist, anthropologist, and author of fiction (b. 1831)

September

 * September 2 – Henri Rousseau, French painter (b. 1844)
 * September 7 – William Holman Hunt, British Pre-Raphaelite painter (b. 1827)
 * September 16 – Hormuzd Rassam, Iraqi archaeologist (b. 1826)
 * September 27 – Jorge Chávez, Peruvian aviator (b. 1887)
 * September 29 – Winslow Homer, American painter (b. 1836)

October

 * October 17 – Julia Ward Howe, American abolitionist and poet (b. 1819)
 * October 21 – Charles van der Stappen, Belgian sculptor (b. 1843)
 * October 23 – King Chulalongkorn of Siam (b. 1853)
 * October 30 – Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1828)

November

 * November 6 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (b. 1838)
 * November 7 – Florencio Sánchez, Uruguayan playwright (b. 1875)
 * November 15 – Wilhelm Raabe, German writer (b. 1831)
 * November 19 – Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, German chemist (b. 1835)
 * November 20 (N.S.) – Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (b. 1828)
 * November 23
 * Hawley Harvey Crippen, American murderer (executed) (b. 1862)
 * Octave Chanute, French-American engineer and aviation pioneer (b. 1832)

December

 * December 3
 * Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader (b. 1821)
 * Wesley Merritt, American general (b. 1836)
 * December 29 – Reggie Doherty, British tennis player (b. 1872)

Nobel Prizes

 * Chemistry – Otto Wallach
 * Literature – Paul Heyse
 * Medicine – Albrecht Kossel
 * Peace – Permanent International Peace Bureau
 * Physics – Johannes Diderik van der Waals