Eurovision Song Contest 1988



The Eurovision Song Contest 1988 was the 33rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. The contest took place on 30 April 1988 in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's win at the previous 1987 edition. The presenters were Pat Kenny and Michelle Rocca. The host broadcaster was Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ) which revamped the show's production style compared to its earlier editions, in order to appeal to a younger audience.

The winner was Switzerland with the song "Ne partez pas sans moi", performed by future international superstar Celine Dion and composed by Atilla Şereftuğ with lyrics in French by Nella Martinetti. Switzerland beat the United Kingdom by just a point in the last vote to win the title. Twenty-one countries took part, after an initial plan of twenty-two, as Cyprus withdrew its already registered entry for breaching the contest's rules by being published few years earlier, in an attempt to represent the country at a prior edition of the contest. The Cypriot song had been drawn to be performed 2nd in the running order.

Graphic design
Host broadcaster RTÉ employed Declan Lowney, who was notable for being a director of music videos and youth programming, as director for this edition, in order to revamp the contest to attract and sustain a younger audience. The traditional scoreboard was replaced with two giant Vidiwalls located on either side of the stage, which also projected live images of the performers from the green room where the competitors set during the votes announcements, and a new computer-generated scoreboard was used.

The stage itself, conceived by Paula Farrell under chief production designer Michael Grogan, was also the largest and most elaborate ever constructed for the Eurovision Song Contest. To compensate for the fact that the vast stage took up most of the room in what is really an average size exhibition hall, the director deliberately darkened the hall where the audience was located and refused to use wide angled shots of the audience, in order to create the illusion of the venue being bigger than it actually was.

The Postcards featured the participants doing things in Ireland from culture, to tradition, to sports or sightseeing.

Lowney was also the director of the show's interval act, introduced after the competing songs and before the votes announcement. The interval act was a video of the popular Irish rock group Hothouse Flowers, which was filmed in eleven countries around Europe and was the most expensive music video ever produced in Ireland at the time.

Voting
Each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 point(s) for its top ten songs.

This edition features one of the closest and fickle-ending votes in the history of the contest. With three countries left to vote, the UK was well in the lead with 133 points against Switzerland's 118. With the third last country, France, only awarding Switzerland one point, the UK looked certain of victory, as even if Switzerland scooped the two final 12s, the UK would only need to gather eleven points from three juries combined to be unbeatable. However, France didn't award the UK any points, and the following country, Portugal, gave the UK a meagre three points while giving the maximum 12 to Switzerland, making the contest blown open between the two countries until the end of the voting.

With the conclusion of voting from the penultimate jury, the UK was holding a five-point lead over Switzerland. As the final jury, that of Yugoslavia, began to award its points in the customary ascending order, a lot of excitement-sighs were heard from the audience to see how the two rivals for victory would fare. Switzerland was the first to be named with six points, edging it into a one-point lead over the UK. After earlier strong votes from most countries to the UK, it seemed highly likely that the UK would be given one of the higher remaining set of points. However, eventually the UK only managed to garner a meagre three points between the last three juries, as after Yugoslavia announced its seven, eight, ten and twelve points, it transpired that it had awarded the UK no points at all, and Switzerland was left with its one-point lead to savour a dramatic triumph.

Participants
Twenty-one countries took part, after an initial plan of twenty-two, as Cyprus withdrew from the contest after it had already submitted an entry. Cypriot broadcaster CyBC had selected the song 'Thimame' sung by Yiannis Dimitrou, and at a late stage saw that the song was ineligible to represent them as it had been entered into the Cypriot selection for the 1984 Contest, where it had finished in 3rd place. This was classed as a breach of the Cypriot rules of selecting their entry at this time as well as an infringement of the Eurovision Song Contest rules. It was a very late decision as the song was already drawn to perform second in the contest, advertised in the Radio Times information about the preview programme of the contest, and appears as song number two in accordance to its initial performance draw, on the record release “Melodi Grand Prix 1988” – the compilation disc of the contest’s entries.

This was the second victory for Switzerland at the Eurovision Song Contest after winning its first edition in 1956, and the last time a song in French won the contest, the language having dominated the event in earlier years.

The contest helped launch an international career for two artists, the winner for Switzerland Celine Dion and Luxembourg’s representative Lara Fabian. French-Canadian Celine Dion was only famous in the French-speaking world at the time of the contest, shortly afterwards started recording songs in English with becoming established worldwide and in years to follow gaining international superstar status. Belgian-Canadian Lara Fabian started a successful career after the contest with becoming established in various countries worldwide, with a mainly French-sung repertoire. The UK entry was written and composed by Julie Forsyth, the daughter of the entertainer Bruce Forsyth who was present. When interviewed afterwards he was particularly annoyed at the Dutch jury not having given a vote to the UK, as they had done some work there.

The contest saw the return of seven artists who had participated in its previous editions: Denmark's Kirsten & Søren represented the country in 1984 and 1985, Finland's Boulevard represented the country in 1987, Israel's Re'uven Gvitrz, winner of the contest in 1979 as part of Milk and Honey returned to Eurovision as a backing singer for Yardena Arazi, who represented the country in 1976 as part of the group Chocolat, Menta, Mastik and hosted the contest in 1979, Portugal's Dora represented the country in 1986, Sweden's Tommy Körberg represented the country in 1969, and Turkey's MFÖ represented the country in 1985.

12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

Television

 * 🇮🇸 Iceland - Hermann Gunnarsson (Sjónvarpið)
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden - Bengt Grafström (TV2)
 * 🇫🇮 Finland - Erkki Pohjanheimo (YLE TV1)
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom - Terry Wogan (BBC1)
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey - Bülend Özveren (TV1)
 * 🇪🇸 Spain - Beatriz Pécker (TVE2)
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands – Willem van Beusekom (Nederland 3)
 * 🇮🇱 Israel - No commentator
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland - Bernard Thurnheer (DRS), Serge Moisson (SSR), Ezio Guidi (TSI)
 * 🇮🇪 Ireland - Mike Murphy (RTÉ 1)
 * 🇩🇪 Germany - Nicole and Claus-Erich Boetzkes (Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen)
 * 🇦🇹 Austria - Ernst Grissemann (FS1)
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark - Jørgen de Mylius (DR TV)
 * 🇬🇷 Greece - Dafni Bokota (ET1)
 * 🇳🇴 Norway - John Andreassen (NRK)
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium - Pierre Collard-Bovy (RTBF La Une), Luc Appermont (BRT TV1)
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg - Valérie Sarn (RTL Télévision), TBC (RTL plus)
 * 🇮🇹 Italy - Daniele Piombi (Raitre)
 * 🇫🇷 France - Lionel Cassan (Antenne 2)
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal - Margarida Andrade (RTP1)
 * Yugoslavia - Mladen Popović (TVB1), Oliver Mlakar (TVZ 1), Marjeta Keršič Svetel (TVLJ1)

Radio

 * 🇮🇸 Iceland - N/A
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden - Kalle Oldby (SR P3)
 * 🇫🇮 Finland - N/A
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom - Ken Bruce (BBC Radio 2)
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey - Şebnem Savaşçı (TRT Radyo 3)
 * 🇪🇸 Spain - N/A
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands - Ben Cramer (Radio 3)
 * 🇮🇱 Israel - Yigal Ravid (Reshet Gimel)
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland - N/A
 * 🇮🇪 Ireland - Larry Gogan (RTÉ Radio 1)
 * 🇩🇪 Germany - Peter Urban (Deutschlandfunk/NDR Radio 2)
 * 🇦🇹 Austria - Hans Leitinger (Hitradio Ö3)
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark - Poul Birch Eriksen (DR P3)
 * 🇬🇷 Greece - N/A
 * 🇳🇴 Norway - Leif Erik Forberg (NRK P2)
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium - Stéphane Dupont & Patrick Duhamel (RTBF La Première), Julien Put & Herwig Haes (BRT Radio 2)
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg - André Torrent (RTL Radio)
 * 🇮🇹 Italy - Antonio De Robertis (Rai Radio 2)
 * 🇫🇷 France - Julien Lepers (France Inter)
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal - N/A
 * Yugoslavia - N/A

Spokespersons

 * 🇮🇸 Iceland - Guðrún Skúladóttir
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden - Maud Uppling
 * 🇫🇮 Finland - Solveig Herlin
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom - Colin Berry
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey - Canan Kumbasar
 * 🇪🇸 Spain - TBD
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands – Joop van Os
 * 🇮🇱 Israel - Yitzhak Shim'oni
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland - Michel Stocker
 * 🇮🇪 Ireland - John Skehan
 * 🇩🇪 Germany - Lotti Ohnesorge
 * 🇦🇹 Austria - Tilia Herold
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark - Bent Henius
 * 🇬🇷 Greece - Fotini Giannoulatou
 * 🇳🇴 Norway - Andreas Diesen
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium - Jacques Olivier
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg - Jean-Luc Bertrand
 * 🇮🇹 Italy - Mariolina Cannuli
 * 🇫🇷 France - Catherine Ceylac
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal - Maria Margarida Gaspar
 * Yugoslavia - Miša Molk

National jury members
The size of the national juries changed this year from 11 to 16 members, and this lasted until 1997.
 * 🇮🇸 Iceland - Árni Gunnarsson, Ásgeir Guðnason, Davíð Sveinsson, Elín Þóra Stefánsdóttir, Ellý Þorðardóttir, Erla Björk Jónasdóttir, Guðrún Kristmannsdóttir, Hólmfríður Jónsdóttir, Jónas Engilbertsson, Jónína Bachmann, Kjartan Þor Kjartansson, Ólafur Egilsson, Sigrún Kristjánsdóttir, Sigurður Fanndal, Sigurður Ægisson, Þórdís Garðarsdóttir
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom – Terry Clarke
 * 🇪🇸 Spain – Pepe Barroso (businessman), Paquita Torres (former model and Miss Europe), Mario Pardo (actor), Lola Forner (actress), José Coronado (actor), Analía Gadé (actress), Miguel Báez "El Litri" (bullfighter), Laura Valenzuela (actress and TV host, presenter of Eurovision Song Contest 1969), Antonio de Senillosa (writer), Cyra Toledo (fashion model), José Oneto (journalist), María Vidaurreta (PhD in Political Sciences and lecturer), Jorge Sanz (actor), Emma Suárez (actress), Caty Arteaga (dancer), Jaime Andrada (architect)
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands – Hans van den Berg
 * 🇬🇷 Greece – Alexandros Roussos, Stylianos Pesmatzoglou, Litsa Pappa, Mariliz Ritsardi, Nikos Desypris